Anticancer drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer treatment hindering the efficacy of chemotherapy and targeted therapies.Conventional two-dimensional(2D)cell cultures cannot replicate the complexity of t...Anticancer drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer treatment hindering the efficacy of chemotherapy and targeted therapies.Conventional two-dimensional(2D)cell cultures cannot replicate the complexity of the in vivo tumor microenvironment(TME),limiting their utility for drug resistance research.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)tumor models have proven to be a promising alternative for investigating chemoresistance mechanisms.In this review,various cancer 3D models,including spheroids,organoids,scaffold-based models,and bioprinted models,are comprehensively evaluated with a focus on their application in drug resistance studies.We discuss the materials,properties,and advantages of each model,highlighting their ability to better mimic the TME and represent complex mechanisms of drug resistance such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),drug efflux,and tumor-stroma interactions.Furthermore,we investigate the limitations of these models,including scalability,reproducibility and technical challenges,as well as their potential therapeutic impact on personalized medicine.Through a thorough comparison of model performance,we provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and offer guidance for model selection based on specific research needs.展开更多
针对农业场景中草莓因枝叶遮挡、簇生分布及果面反光导致稀疏观测下难以三维重建的问题,本研究基于SA3D(Segment Anything in 3D)框架,在实验室条件下验证了自动化构建高保真草莓三维模型库的可行性。该方法融合DVGO与SAM,利用DVGO从14...针对农业场景中草莓因枝叶遮挡、簇生分布及果面反光导致稀疏观测下难以三维重建的问题,本研究基于SA3D(Segment Anything in 3D)框架,在实验室条件下验证了自动化构建高保真草莓三维模型库的可行性。该方法融合DVGO与SAM,利用DVGO从144张多视角图像中重建保留种子、果蒂等亚毫米细节的三维几何;结合SAM仅需1~2个提示点生成2D掩码,通过Mask逆渲染与跨视角自提示机制实现无标注的三维果实分割。为提升实用性,开发了基于Dash的交互式系统,集成图像上传、位姿估计、重建与分割全流程,支持非专业用户高效建模。实验表明,该方法平均PSNR达20.83 dB(较NeRF提升1.12 dB),IoU均值为0.803,显著增强遮挡与反光区域的重建鲁棒性。所构建的标准化点云库可为表型测量提供基准,并作为几何与语义先验支撑田间稀疏视角重建,服务于智能采摘系统的视觉感知。展开更多
【目的】解决钢箱系杆拱桥的钢拱肋在施工过程中精度控制难度大和耗时长的问题。【方法】以某钢箱系杆拱桥为工程背景,采用建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)及3D激光扫描技术,对拱肋钢构件在加工制作与拼接过程中的质...【目的】解决钢箱系杆拱桥的钢拱肋在施工过程中精度控制难度大和耗时长的问题。【方法】以某钢箱系杆拱桥为工程背景,采用建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)及3D激光扫描技术,对拱肋钢构件在加工制作与拼接过程中的质量检测进行信息化管控。【结果】BIM技术结合3D激光扫描技术可快速地检测钢拱肋构件的质量并监测拱肋施工线形;钢箱拱肋构件的最大制作误差在1.2 mm以内,构件在拼接过程中的最大误差在1.1 mm以内,以上误差均满足设计规范的要求;与传统检测方法相比,点云数据在各坐标轴方向的偏差为1.0~3.0 mm,平均偏差为1.2~1.5 mm,具有较高的可靠性。【结论】基于BIM+3D激光扫描技术,可实现钢箱拱肋构件施工过程中拱肋线形质量的动态管控。展开更多
基金funded by the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(grant numbers 451-03-136/2025-03/200007 and 451-03-136/2025-03/200042).
文摘Anticancer drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer treatment hindering the efficacy of chemotherapy and targeted therapies.Conventional two-dimensional(2D)cell cultures cannot replicate the complexity of the in vivo tumor microenvironment(TME),limiting their utility for drug resistance research.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)tumor models have proven to be a promising alternative for investigating chemoresistance mechanisms.In this review,various cancer 3D models,including spheroids,organoids,scaffold-based models,and bioprinted models,are comprehensively evaluated with a focus on their application in drug resistance studies.We discuss the materials,properties,and advantages of each model,highlighting their ability to better mimic the TME and represent complex mechanisms of drug resistance such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),drug efflux,and tumor-stroma interactions.Furthermore,we investigate the limitations of these models,including scalability,reproducibility and technical challenges,as well as their potential therapeutic impact on personalized medicine.Through a thorough comparison of model performance,we provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and offer guidance for model selection based on specific research needs.
