The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic...The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic activity across the entire brain and its numerous micro-regions remains incredibly challenging.Here,we offer a high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics technique to better understand the metabolic specialization and interconnection throughout the mouse brain using improved ambient mass spectrometry imaging.This method allows for the simultaneous mapping of thousands of metabolites at a 30 μm spatial resolution across the mouse brain,ranging from structural lipids to functional neurotransmitters.This approach effectively reveals the distribution patterns of delicate microregions and their distinctive metabolic characteristics.Using an integrated database,we annotated 259 metabolites,demonstrating that the metabolome and metabolic pathways are unique to each brain microregion.The distribution of metabolites,closely linked to functionally connected brain regions and their interactions,offers profound insights into the complexity of chemical processes and their roles in brain function.An initial dataset for future metabolomics research might be obtained from the high-definition mouse brain's spatial metabolome atlas.展开更多
The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and ...The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and fluid mobility due to the influences of the northeast and northwest dual provenance systems.This study performed multiple experimental analyses on nine samples from the area to determine the petrological and petrophysical properties,as well as the PTS characteristics of reservoirs in different provenance-controlled regions.On this basis,the pore-throat size distribution(PSD)obtained from high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI)was utilized to convert the NMR movable fluid T2spectrum,allowing for quantitative characterization of the full PSD and the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids.A systematic analysis was conducted on the primary controlling factors affecting fluid mobility in the reservoir.The results indicated that the lithology in the eastern and western regions is lithic arkose.The eastern sandstones,being farther from the provenance,exhibit higher contents of feldspar and lithic fragments,along with the development of more dissolution pores.The reservoir possesses good petrophysical properties,low displacement pressure,and high pore-throat connectivity and homogeneity,indicating strong fluid mobility.In contrast,the western sandstones,being nearer to the provenance,exhibit poor grain sorting,high contents of lithic fragments,strong compaction and cementation effects,resulting in poor petrophysical properties,and strong pore-throat heterogeneity,revealing weak fluid mobility.The range of full PSD in the eastern reservoir is wider than that in the western reservoir,with relatively well-developed macropores.The macropores are the primary space for occurrence of movable fluids,and controls the fluid mobility of the reservoir.The effective porosity of movable fluids(EPMF)quantitatively represents the pore space occupied by movable fluids within the reservoir and correlates well with porosity,permeability,and PTS parameters,making it a valuable parameter for evaluating fluid mobility.Under the multi-provenance system,the eastern and western reservoirs underwent different sedimentation and diagenesis processes,resulting in differential distribution of reservoir mineral components and pore types,which in turn affects the PTS heterogeneity and reservoir quality.The composition and content of reservoir minerals are intrinsic factors influencing fluid mobility,while the microscopic PTS is the primary factor controlling it.Low clay mineral content,welldeveloped macropores,and weak pore-throat heterogeneity all contribute to the storage and seepage of reservoir fluids.展开更多
Based on the experimental results of casting thin section,low temperature nitrogen adsorption,high pressure mercury injection,nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum,contact angle and oil-water interfacial tension,the ...Based on the experimental results of casting thin section,low temperature nitrogen adsorption,high pressure mercury injection,nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum,contact angle and oil-water interfacial tension,the relationship between pore throat structure and crude oil mobility characteristics of full particle sequence reservoirs in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation of Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin,are revealed.(1)With the decrease of reservoir particle size,the volume of pores connected by large throats and the volume of large pores show a decreasing trend,and the distribution and peak ranges of throat and pore radius shift to smaller size in an orderly manner.The upper limits of throat radius,porosity and permeability of unconventional reservoirs in Fengcheng Formation are approximately 0.7μm,8%and 0.1×10^(−3)μm^(2),respectively.(2)As the reservoir particle size decreases,the distribution and peak ranges of pores hosting retained oil and movable oil are shifted to a smaller size in an orderly manner.With the increase of driving pressure,the amount of retained and movable oil of the larger particle reservoir samples shows a more obvious trend of decreasing and increasing,respectively.(3)With the increase of throat radius,the driving pressure of reservoir with different particle levels presents three stages,namely rapid decrease,slow decrease and stabilization.The oil driving pressures of various reservoirs and the differences of them decrease with the increase of temperature and obviously decrease with the increase of throat radius.According to the above experimental analysis,it is concluded that the deep shale oil of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag has great potential for production under geological conditions.展开更多
Intercity mobility lays the foundation for capital flow,information flow,and knowledge flow,etc.,and is important for promoting regional integration.Although many scholars have studied intercity mobility in extensive ...Intercity mobility lays the foundation for capital flow,information flow,and knowledge flow,etc.,and is important for promoting regional integration.Although many scholars have studied intercity mobility in extensive well-developed urban agglomerations,few studies have examined the characteristics of intercity mobility at the county level and its impact on regionalization in western China.This study takes the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration(GPUA)as a case to study the geographical law of intercity mobility and then explore its impact on regionalization.The results obtained show that intercity mobility network exhibits a hub and spoke patterns focusing on major municipal districts at the county level.We also found a corridor effect that counties with higher travel volumes are mostly located along the trunk high speed railway(HSR)lines.Unlike previous studies,the distribution of intercity mobility is more concentrated than that of population and exhibits a super-linear behavior rule.There are the differences in gravity law for overall trips,weekday trips,weekend trips,and holiday trips.With the decrease of travel duration,the effect of attraction of destination is weakening,but the influence of distance decay is increasing.Finally,the spatial organization is still administrative-centric and is dominated by intraprefecture and intra-provincial development.Moreover,the coupled degree between network-based regionalization and attribute-based regionalization shows a decreasing trend from administrative via cultural to physical factors.These findings enrich the research on the intercity mobility and the regionalization in inland developing urban agglomerations.展开更多
In this paper,the small-signal modeling of the Indium Phosphide High Electron Mobility Transistor(InP HEMT)based on the Transformer neural network model is investigated.The AC S-parameters of the HEMT device are train...In this paper,the small-signal modeling of the Indium Phosphide High Electron Mobility Transistor(InP HEMT)based on the Transformer neural network model is investigated.The AC S-parameters of the HEMT device are trained and validated using the Transformer model.In the proposed model,the eight-layer transformer encoders are connected in series and the encoder layer of each Transformer consists of the multi-head attention layer and the feed-forward neural network layer.The experimental results show that the measured and modeled S-parameters of the HEMT device match well in the frequency range of 0.5-40 GHz,with the errors versus frequency less than 1%.Compared with other models,good accuracy can be achieved to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.展开更多
Industrial intelligence and secure interconnection serve as the foundational platform and critical information infrastructure for new industrialization,carrying significant strategic importance.They not only function ...Industrial intelligence and secure interconnection serve as the foundational platform and critical information infrastructure for new industrialization,carrying significant strategic importance.They not only function as the core engine driving the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing sector and ensuring stable socioeconomic operation but are also vital to enhancing national technological competitiveness and safeguarding industrial security.展开更多
The 2025 Shanghai Auto Show reaffirmed its role as one of the world’s most influential automotive industry events,offering a panoramic view of the future shaped by intelligent and electrified vehicles.With over 200 n...The 2025 Shanghai Auto Show reaffirmed its role as one of the world’s most influential automotive industry events,offering a panoramic view of the future shaped by intelligent and electrified vehicles.With over 200 new models on display-85 percent of them new energy vehicles-this year’s show spotlighted how the global auto industry is pivoting rapidly towards an era of software-defined and AI-powered mobility.展开更多
Imagine a city that seems to hum rather than roar-a place where innovation moves at the pace of everyday life instead of like the flashy glamor of high-end tech hubs.This is Liuzhou,a city in southern China that is qu...Imagine a city that seems to hum rather than roar-a place where innovation moves at the pace of everyday life instead of like the flashy glamor of high-end tech hubs.This is Liuzhou,a city in southern China that is quietly shaping the future of electric vehicles(EVs).It has become an unlikely yet powerful engine of change in the world of clean mobility.展开更多
High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the ex...High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.展开更多
Nano-twinned copper(nt-Cu),with a preferred orientation,is highly promising as interconnect materials in high-density advanced packaging due to its considerable mechanical strength,excellent electrical conductivity,an...Nano-twinned copper(nt-Cu),with a preferred orientation,is highly promising as interconnect materials in high-density advanced packaging due to its considerable mechanical strength,excellent electrical conductivity,and resistance to thermal migration.However,its application is impeded by sulfur-containing byproducts from the electroplating process,exacerbating the formation of Kirkendall voids within solder joints during thermal aging.Herein,through the incorporation of Zinc(Zn)into the nt-Cu layer,we develop a nt-Cu/Zn composite structure.Our findings provide the first definitive confirmation of the mechanism by which sulfur atoms migrate to the Cu_(3)Sn/nt-Cu interface through interstitial diffusion,thereby reducing the activation energy for vacancy formation.We further demonstrate that Zn effectively an-choring sulfur atoms,forming ZnS within the nt-Cu layer during heat treatment,which increases the vacancy formation energy and inhibits the development of Kirkendall voids.Remarkably,no Kirkendall voids are observed in the modified interconnects even after prolonged aging at 150℃ for 1000 h.The nt-Cu/Zn composite metallization layers significantly decrease the growth rate of interfacial intermetallic compounds by 33.6% and enhance the shear strength of solder interconnections to 228.9%.This research underscores the potential of nt-Cu in advanced electronic packaging,offering new pathways for improving the power density and reliability of electronic devices.展开更多
This paper discusses the influence of Sb/In ratio on the transport properties and crystal quality of the 200 nm InAs_(x)Sb_(1-x)thin film.The Sb content of InAs_(x)Sb_(1-x)thin film in all samples was verified by HRXR...This paper discusses the influence of Sb/In ratio on the transport properties and crystal quality of the 200 nm InAs_(x)Sb_(1-x)thin film.The Sb content of InAs_(x)Sb_(1-x)thin film in all samples was verified by HRXRD of the symmetrical 004 reflections and asymmetrical 115 reflections.The calculation results show that the Sb component was 0.6 in the InAs_(x)Sb_(1-x)thin film grown under the conditions of Sb/In ratio of 6 and As/In ratio of 3,which has the highest electron mobility(28560 cm^(2)/V·s)at 300 K.At the same time,the influence ofⅤ/Ⅲratio on the transport properties and crystal quality of Al_(0.2)In_(0.8)Sb/InAs_(x)Sb_(1-x)quantum well heterostructures also has been investigated.As a result,the Al_(0.2)In_(0.8)Sb/InAs_(0.4)Sb_(0.6)quantum well heterostructure with a channel thickness of 30 nm grown under the conditions of Sb/In ratio of 6 and As/In ratio of 3 has a maximum electron mobility of 28300 cm^(2)/V·s and a minimum RMS roughness of 0.68 nm.Through optimizing the growth conditions,our samples have higher electron mobility and smoother surface morphology.展开更多
We report the epitaxial growth of high-quality Al_(0.8)Ga_(0.2)Sb/InAs/Al_(0.8)Ga_(0.2)Sb quantum well films characterized by high carrier mobility and strong spin-orbit coupling.By appropriately optimizing the Al-to-...We report the epitaxial growth of high-quality Al_(0.8)Ga_(0.2)Sb/InAs/Al_(0.8)Ga_(0.2)Sb quantum well films characterized by high carrier mobility and strong spin-orbit coupling.By appropriately optimizing the Al-to-Ga ratio in the AlGaSb barrier layer,the quantum confinement of the heterostructure is significantly enhanced.Alongside a giant magnetoresistance ratio of 3.65×10^(5)%,the two-carrier transport model from Hall measurements reveals an ultra-high electron mobility of 7.18×10^(5)cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1)at low temperatures.Meanwhile,pronounced Shubnikov-de Haas(SdH)quantum oscillations persist up to 30 K,and their single-frequency feature indicates a well-defined Fermi surface without subband mixing in the two-dimensional electron gas channel.Moreover,the large effective g-factor and tilted-field-induced orbital effect lead to the observation of split SdH peaks at large magnetic fields.Our results validate that AlGaSb/InAs quantum well heterostructures are suitable candidates for constructing energy-efficient topological spintronic devices.展开更多
Denmark has now established itself as a standout in the global field of sustainable transportation,and behind this achievement lies a comprehensive national green mobility strategy-one that not only drives shifts towa...Denmark has now established itself as a standout in the global field of sustainable transportation,and behind this achievement lies a comprehensive national green mobility strategy-one that not only drives shifts toward low-carbon travel but also makes cities more livable.This article explores the core components of this strategy,including long-term policies,infrastructure development,incentive measures,and governance collaboration,while also analyzing its impacts on the environment,public health,and the economy.Drawing on practices in Copenhagen and insights from bicycle urban planning,the research finds that Denmark’s integrated approach serves as a replicable model.Notably,it highlights the importance of aligned national-local implementation,equitable infrastructure development,and cultural acceptance of green mobility.展开更多
Arsenic(As)pollution in coastal wetlands has been receiving growing attention.However,the exact mechanism of As mobility driven by tidal action is still not completely understood.The results reveal that lower total As...Arsenic(As)pollution in coastal wetlands has been receiving growing attention.However,the exact mechanism of As mobility driven by tidal action is still not completely understood.The results reveal that lower total As concentrations in solution were observed in the flood-ebb treatment(FE),with the highest concentration being 7.1μg/L,and As(V)was the predominant species.However,elevated levels of total As in solution were found in the flooded treatment(FL),with a maximum value of 14.5μg/L after 30 days,and As(III)was the predominant form.The results of dissolved organicmatter(DOM)suggest that in the early to mid-stages of the incubation,fulvic acid-like substances might be utilized by microorganisms as electron donors or shuttle bodies,facilitating the reductive release of As/Fe from sediments.Both flood-ebb and flooded treatments promoted the transformation of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As into residual forms.However,prolonged flooded conditions more readily facilitated the formation of specific adsorption forms of As and the reduction of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As,increasing As mobility.In addition,the flood-ebb tides have been found to increase the diversity ofmicrobial populations.The main microbial genera in the flood-ebb treatment included Salinimicrobium,Erythrobacter,Yangia,Sulfitobacter,and Marinobacter.Bacillus,Psychrobacter,and Yangia showed a significant correlation with As(V).In flooded treatment,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Geothermobacter played a major role in the reduction and release of As.This study significantly contributes to the current understanding of how As behaves in diverse natural environments.展开更多
This study analyzes the spatial accessibility of key services in Caen,France,focusing on how different transport modes(car,bicycle,and public transit)influence access to essential services across the urban and suburba...This study analyzes the spatial accessibility of key services in Caen,France,focusing on how different transport modes(car,bicycle,and public transit)influence access to essential services across the urban and suburban landscape.Indeed,the introduction of traffic restrictions in towns with low emission zones encourages a detailed study,on a fine spatial scale,of the differences in accessibility between different modes of transport,for different services and for different journey times.Using spatial analysis techniques,we examine accessibility patterns in relation to services such as shops,healthcare,education,and tourism,highlighting significant disparities between transport modes.The findings reveal that car travel provides the highest accessibility across all service categories,particularly for healthcare and recreational services,while bicycle and public transit accessibility is more limited,especially in peripheral areas.A Principal Component Analysis(PCA)synthesizes the multimodal accessibility data,and hierarchical clustering identifies distinct patterns of accessibility using different transport modes across the city.The study further explores temporal trends in accessibility,showing how different modes perform over varying travel times.Based on these findings,we propose targeted policy interventions aimed at improving public transit,enhancing cycling infrastructure,decentralizing essential services,and promoting mixed-use urban development.Future research directions include examining socio-economic disparities,the impact of emerging mobility technologies,and the environmental implications of accessibility patterns.This research provides valuable insights for urban planners seeking to improve mobility equity and sustainability in urban areas.展开更多
The evolution of display backplane technologies has been driven by the relentless pursuit of higher form factor and superior performance coupled with lower power consumption.Current state-of-the-art backplane technolo...The evolution of display backplane technologies has been driven by the relentless pursuit of higher form factor and superior performance coupled with lower power consumption.Current state-of-the-art backplane technologies based on amorphous Si,poly Si,and IGZO,face challenges in meeting the requirements of next-generation displays,including larger dimensions,higher refresh rates,increased pixel density,greater brightness,and reduced power consumption.In this context,2D chalcogenides have emerged as promising candidates for thin-film transistors(TFTs)in display backplanes,offering advantages such as high mobility,low leakage current,mechanical robustness,and transparency.This comprehensive review explores the significance of 2D chalcogenides as materials for TFTs in next-generation display backplanes.We delve into the structural characteristics,electronic properties,and synthesis methods of 2D chalcogenides,emphasizing scalable growth strategies that are relevant to large-area display backplanes.Additionally,we discuss mechanical flexibility and strain engineering,crucial for the development of flexible displays.Performance enhancement strategies for 2D chalcogenide TFTs have been explored encompassing techniques in device engineering and geometry optimization,while considering scaling over a large area.Active-matrix implementation of 2D TFTs in various applications is also explored,benchmarking device performance on a large scale which is a necessary aspect of TFTs used in display backplanes.Furthermore,the latest development on the integration of 2D chalcogenide TFTs with different display technologies,such as OLED,quantum dot,and MicroLED displays has been reviewed in detail.Finally,challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed with a brief insight into emerging trends and research directions.展开更多
High-mobility semiconductor nanotubes have demonstrated great potential for applications in high-speed transistors,single-charge detection,and memory devices.Here we systematically investigated the electronic properti...High-mobility semiconductor nanotubes have demonstrated great potential for applications in high-speed transistors,single-charge detection,and memory devices.Here we systematically investigated the electronic properties of single-walled boron antimonide(BSb)nanotubes using first-principles calculations.We observed that rolling the hexagonal boron antimonide monolayer into armchair(ANT)and zigzag(ZNT)nanotubes induces compression and wrinkling effects,significantly modifying the band structures and carrier mobilities through band folding andπ^(*)-σ^(*)hybridization.As the chiral index increases,the band gap and carrier mobility of ANTs decrease monotonically,where electron mobility consistently exceeds hole mobility.In contrast,ZNTs exhibit a more complex trend:the band gap first increases and then decreases,and the carrier mobility displays oscillatory behavior.In particular,both ANTs and ZNTs could exhibit significantly higher carrier mobilities compared to hexagonal monolayer and zinc-blende BSb,reaching 10^(-3)-10^(-7) cm^(-2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1).Our findings highlight strong curvature-induced modifications in the electronic properties of single-walled BSb nanotubes,demonstrating the latter as a promising candidate for high-performance electronic devices.展开更多
Interconnection planning involving bi-directional converters(BdCs)is crucial for enhancing the reliability and robustness of hybrid alternating current(AC)/direct current(DC)microgrid clusters with high penetrations o...Interconnection planning involving bi-directional converters(BdCs)is crucial for enhancing the reliability and robustness of hybrid alternating current(AC)/direct current(DC)microgrid clusters with high penetrations of renewable energy resources(RESs).However,challenges such as the non-convex nature of BdC efficiency and renewable energy uncertainty complicate the planning process.To address these issues,this paper proposes a tri-level BdC-based planning framework that incorporates dynamic BdC efficiency and a data-correlated uncertainty set(DcUS)derived from historical data patterns.The proposed framework employs a least-squares approximation to linearize BdC efficiency and constructs the DcUS to balance computational efficiency and solution robustness.Additionally,a fully parallel column and constraint generation algorithm is developed to solve the model efficiently.Numerical simulations on a practical hybrid AC/DC microgrid system demonstrate that the proposed method reduces interconnection costs by up to 21.8%compared to conventional uncertainty sets while ensuring robust operation under all considered scenarios.These results highlight the computational efficiency,robustness,and practicality of the proposed approach,making it a promising solution for modern power systems.展开更多
Mobility is a crucial metric for assessing sweet spots of continental shale oil.However,due to the complexity of shale oil reservoirs characteristics and the lack of systematic analyses of factors influencing mobility...Mobility is a crucial metric for assessing sweet spots of continental shale oil.However,due to the complexity of shale oil reservoirs characteristics and the lack of systematic analyses of factors influencing mobility,the difference in shale oil mobility under multiple lithofacies control remains unclear,causing significant challenges for mobility evaluation and sweet spot prediction.This study examines continental shales of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag,employing scanning electron microscopy(SEM),nitrogen adsorption(NA),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),spontaneous imbibition(SI),and contact angle measurements(CAM)to investigate the pore structure,connectivity,and wettability properties of different lithofacies shale.Quantitative analyses of shale movable oil content and saturation were conducted using multistep temperature pyrolysis(MTP)and NMR centrifugation techniques.Furthermore,the influence of reservoir characteristics,geochemical characteristics,and lamination development on shale oil mobility were discussed.Results indicate that larger pore diameter,higher imbibition slopes,and lower fractal dimensions of movable fluid pores(D2)correspond to higher movable oil saturation.Organic matter exerts a dual effect on shale movable oil content.When the TOC is below a threshold,the movable oil content gradually increases with TOC.Laminations exhibit favorable reservoir properties and light oil enrichment,enhancing shale oil mobility.Massive siltstone(MS)develops interconnected intergranular pores with the best pore structure and connectivity,the lowest D2 values,and the highest shale oil mobility.Laminated felsic shale(LFS)and laminated calcareous shale(LCS)exhibit moderate mobility,where the development of microfractures enhances fluid flow by connecting isolated pores into pore-fracture networks.In contrast,massive felsic shale(MFS)and bedded felsic shale(BFS)primarily develop intragranular dissolution pores with more complex structures and poorer connectivity,resulting in weaker mobility.A more accurate approach for assessing shale oil mobility has been presented,taking into account both total oil content and movable oil saturation.More importantly,this study establishes a comprehensive conceptual model illustrating the potential relationships among shale lithofacies,reservoir characteristics,and movable oil flow space in the study area.This research not only provides a systematic approach for assessing shale oil mobility but also deepens the understanding of flow mechanisms of continental shale oil,offering theoretical guidance for optimizing sweet spots in the Fengcheng Formation shale oil reservoirs of the Mahu Sag.展开更多
The direct growth of InGaAs high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs)on silicon facilitates their low-cost production on large-scale wafers.On a U-shaped patterned Si(001)substrate,we have achieved a high-quality In_(...The direct growth of InGaAs high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs)on silicon facilitates their low-cost production on large-scale wafers.On a U-shaped patterned Si(001)substrate,we have achieved a high-quality In_(0.36)Ga_(0.64)As film with a threading dislocation density of∼7×10^(6)cm^(−2).The fabricated HEMT devices exhibit outstanding electrical characteristics,including a high Hall mobility of 4732 cm^(2)/V·s and an effective mobility of 3305 cm^(2)/V・s at room temperature.Through precise gate-recess processing and surface passivation,both depletion-mode and enhancement-mode devices were realized with transconductances reaching 500mS/mm for a channel length of 100 nm.These results indicate their significant potential for the development of next-generation high-speed Ⅲ-Ⅴ electronic devices on silicon platforms that are compatible with CMOS technology.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.82473887 and 21927808)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Shanghai (No.23DZ2202500)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No.2021-1-I2M-026)。
文摘The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic activity across the entire brain and its numerous micro-regions remains incredibly challenging.Here,we offer a high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics technique to better understand the metabolic specialization and interconnection throughout the mouse brain using improved ambient mass spectrometry imaging.This method allows for the simultaneous mapping of thousands of metabolites at a 30 μm spatial resolution across the mouse brain,ranging from structural lipids to functional neurotransmitters.This approach effectively reveals the distribution patterns of delicate microregions and their distinctive metabolic characteristics.Using an integrated database,we annotated 259 metabolites,demonstrating that the metabolome and metabolic pathways are unique to each brain microregion.The distribution of metabolites,closely linked to functionally connected brain regions and their interactions,offers profound insights into the complexity of chemical processes and their roles in brain function.An initial dataset for future metabolomics research might be obtained from the high-definition mouse brain's spatial metabolome atlas.
文摘The tight sandstone reservoirs in the first sub-member of Chang 7 member(Chang 71)of Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin,show significant variations in microscopic pore-throat structure(PTS)and fluid mobility due to the influences of the northeast and northwest dual provenance systems.This study performed multiple experimental analyses on nine samples from the area to determine the petrological and petrophysical properties,as well as the PTS characteristics of reservoirs in different provenance-controlled regions.On this basis,the pore-throat size distribution(PSD)obtained from high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI)was utilized to convert the NMR movable fluid T2spectrum,allowing for quantitative characterization of the full PSD and the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids.A systematic analysis was conducted on the primary controlling factors affecting fluid mobility in the reservoir.The results indicated that the lithology in the eastern and western regions is lithic arkose.The eastern sandstones,being farther from the provenance,exhibit higher contents of feldspar and lithic fragments,along with the development of more dissolution pores.The reservoir possesses good petrophysical properties,low displacement pressure,and high pore-throat connectivity and homogeneity,indicating strong fluid mobility.In contrast,the western sandstones,being nearer to the provenance,exhibit poor grain sorting,high contents of lithic fragments,strong compaction and cementation effects,resulting in poor petrophysical properties,and strong pore-throat heterogeneity,revealing weak fluid mobility.The range of full PSD in the eastern reservoir is wider than that in the western reservoir,with relatively well-developed macropores.The macropores are the primary space for occurrence of movable fluids,and controls the fluid mobility of the reservoir.The effective porosity of movable fluids(EPMF)quantitatively represents the pore space occupied by movable fluids within the reservoir and correlates well with porosity,permeability,and PTS parameters,making it a valuable parameter for evaluating fluid mobility.Under the multi-provenance system,the eastern and western reservoirs underwent different sedimentation and diagenesis processes,resulting in differential distribution of reservoir mineral components and pore types,which in turn affects the PTS heterogeneity and reservoir quality.The composition and content of reservoir minerals are intrinsic factors influencing fluid mobility,while the microscopic PTS is the primary factor controlling it.Low clay mineral content,welldeveloped macropores,and weak pore-throat heterogeneity all contribute to the storage and seepage of reservoir fluids.
基金Supported by Leading Talent Program of Autonomous Region(2022TSYCLJ0070)PetroChina Prospective and Basic Technological Project(2021DJ0108)Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young People in Shandong Province(ZR2022YQ30).
文摘Based on the experimental results of casting thin section,low temperature nitrogen adsorption,high pressure mercury injection,nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum,contact angle and oil-water interfacial tension,the relationship between pore throat structure and crude oil mobility characteristics of full particle sequence reservoirs in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation of Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin,are revealed.(1)With the decrease of reservoir particle size,the volume of pores connected by large throats and the volume of large pores show a decreasing trend,and the distribution and peak ranges of throat and pore radius shift to smaller size in an orderly manner.The upper limits of throat radius,porosity and permeability of unconventional reservoirs in Fengcheng Formation are approximately 0.7μm,8%and 0.1×10^(−3)μm^(2),respectively.(2)As the reservoir particle size decreases,the distribution and peak ranges of pores hosting retained oil and movable oil are shifted to a smaller size in an orderly manner.With the increase of driving pressure,the amount of retained and movable oil of the larger particle reservoir samples shows a more obvious trend of decreasing and increasing,respectively.(3)With the increase of throat radius,the driving pressure of reservoir with different particle levels presents three stages,namely rapid decrease,slow decrease and stabilization.The oil driving pressures of various reservoirs and the differences of them decrease with the increase of temperature and obviously decrease with the increase of throat radius.According to the above experimental analysis,it is concluded that the deep shale oil of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag has great potential for production under geological conditions.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42371189)Central University Basic Research Fund of China(No.24ZYYB017)。
文摘Intercity mobility lays the foundation for capital flow,information flow,and knowledge flow,etc.,and is important for promoting regional integration.Although many scholars have studied intercity mobility in extensive well-developed urban agglomerations,few studies have examined the characteristics of intercity mobility at the county level and its impact on regionalization in western China.This study takes the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration(GPUA)as a case to study the geographical law of intercity mobility and then explore its impact on regionalization.The results obtained show that intercity mobility network exhibits a hub and spoke patterns focusing on major municipal districts at the county level.We also found a corridor effect that counties with higher travel volumes are mostly located along the trunk high speed railway(HSR)lines.Unlike previous studies,the distribution of intercity mobility is more concentrated than that of population and exhibits a super-linear behavior rule.There are the differences in gravity law for overall trips,weekday trips,weekend trips,and holiday trips.With the decrease of travel duration,the effect of attraction of destination is weakening,but the influence of distance decay is increasing.Finally,the spatial organization is still administrative-centric and is dominated by intraprefecture and intra-provincial development.Moreover,the coupled degree between network-based regionalization and attribute-based regionalization shows a decreasing trend from administrative via cultural to physical factors.These findings enrich the research on the intercity mobility and the regionalization in inland developing urban agglomerations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62201293,62034003)the Open-Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Millimeter-Waves(K202313)the Jiangsu Province Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Project(JSTJ-2024-040)。
文摘In this paper,the small-signal modeling of the Indium Phosphide High Electron Mobility Transistor(InP HEMT)based on the Transformer neural network model is investigated.The AC S-parameters of the HEMT device are trained and validated using the Transformer model.In the proposed model,the eight-layer transformer encoders are connected in series and the encoder layer of each Transformer consists of the multi-head attention layer and the feed-forward neural network layer.The experimental results show that the measured and modeled S-parameters of the HEMT device match well in the frequency range of 0.5-40 GHz,with the errors versus frequency less than 1%.Compared with other models,good accuracy can be achieved to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
文摘Industrial intelligence and secure interconnection serve as the foundational platform and critical information infrastructure for new industrialization,carrying significant strategic importance.They not only function as the core engine driving the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing sector and ensuring stable socioeconomic operation but are also vital to enhancing national technological competitiveness and safeguarding industrial security.
文摘The 2025 Shanghai Auto Show reaffirmed its role as one of the world’s most influential automotive industry events,offering a panoramic view of the future shaped by intelligent and electrified vehicles.With over 200 new models on display-85 percent of them new energy vehicles-this year’s show spotlighted how the global auto industry is pivoting rapidly towards an era of software-defined and AI-powered mobility.
文摘Imagine a city that seems to hum rather than roar-a place where innovation moves at the pace of everyday life instead of like the flashy glamor of high-end tech hubs.This is Liuzhou,a city in southern China that is quietly shaping the future of electric vehicles(EVs).It has become an unlikely yet powerful engine of change in the world of clean mobility.
基金supported by a grant of the M.D.-Ph.D./Medical Scientist Training Program through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(to HK)+3 种基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean government(MSITMinistry of Science and ICT)(NRF2019R1A5A2026045 and NRF-2021R1F1A1061819)a grant from the Korean Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(HR21C1003)New Faculty Research Fund of Ajou University School of Medicine(to JYC)。
文摘High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2241223)Pre-Research Foundation of China(No.909010203-202).
文摘Nano-twinned copper(nt-Cu),with a preferred orientation,is highly promising as interconnect materials in high-density advanced packaging due to its considerable mechanical strength,excellent electrical conductivity,and resistance to thermal migration.However,its application is impeded by sulfur-containing byproducts from the electroplating process,exacerbating the formation of Kirkendall voids within solder joints during thermal aging.Herein,through the incorporation of Zinc(Zn)into the nt-Cu layer,we develop a nt-Cu/Zn composite structure.Our findings provide the first definitive confirmation of the mechanism by which sulfur atoms migrate to the Cu_(3)Sn/nt-Cu interface through interstitial diffusion,thereby reducing the activation energy for vacancy formation.We further demonstrate that Zn effectively an-choring sulfur atoms,forming ZnS within the nt-Cu layer during heat treatment,which increases the vacancy formation energy and inhibits the development of Kirkendall voids.Remarkably,no Kirkendall voids are observed in the modified interconnects even after prolonged aging at 150℃ for 1000 h.The nt-Cu/Zn composite metallization layers significantly decrease the growth rate of interfacial intermetallic compounds by 33.6% and enhance the shear strength of solder interconnections to 228.9%.This research underscores the potential of nt-Cu in advanced electronic packaging,offering new pathways for improving the power density and reliability of electronic devices.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2023-JC-QN-0758)Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Research Launch Project(2020BJ-26)Doctoral Research Initializing Fund of Hebei University of Science and Technology,China(1181476).
文摘This paper discusses the influence of Sb/In ratio on the transport properties and crystal quality of the 200 nm InAs_(x)Sb_(1-x)thin film.The Sb content of InAs_(x)Sb_(1-x)thin film in all samples was verified by HRXRD of the symmetrical 004 reflections and asymmetrical 115 reflections.The calculation results show that the Sb component was 0.6 in the InAs_(x)Sb_(1-x)thin film grown under the conditions of Sb/In ratio of 6 and As/In ratio of 3,which has the highest electron mobility(28560 cm^(2)/V·s)at 300 K.At the same time,the influence ofⅤ/Ⅲratio on the transport properties and crystal quality of Al_(0.2)In_(0.8)Sb/InAs_(x)Sb_(1-x)quantum well heterostructures also has been investigated.As a result,the Al_(0.2)In_(0.8)Sb/InAs_(0.4)Sb_(0.6)quantum well heterostructure with a channel thickness of 30 nm grown under the conditions of Sb/In ratio of 6 and As/In ratio of 3 has a maximum electron mobility of 28300 cm^(2)/V·s and a minimum RMS roughness of 0.68 nm.Through optimizing the growth conditions,our samples have higher electron mobility and smoother surface morphology.
基金supported by R&D the National Key Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0715503)the Major Project ofShanghai Municipal Science and Technology(Grant No.2018SHZDZX02)the ShanghaiTech Mate rial Device and Soft Matter Nano-fabrication Labs(No.SMN180827).
文摘We report the epitaxial growth of high-quality Al_(0.8)Ga_(0.2)Sb/InAs/Al_(0.8)Ga_(0.2)Sb quantum well films characterized by high carrier mobility and strong spin-orbit coupling.By appropriately optimizing the Al-to-Ga ratio in the AlGaSb barrier layer,the quantum confinement of the heterostructure is significantly enhanced.Alongside a giant magnetoresistance ratio of 3.65×10^(5)%,the two-carrier transport model from Hall measurements reveals an ultra-high electron mobility of 7.18×10^(5)cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1)at low temperatures.Meanwhile,pronounced Shubnikov-de Haas(SdH)quantum oscillations persist up to 30 K,and their single-frequency feature indicates a well-defined Fermi surface without subband mixing in the two-dimensional electron gas channel.Moreover,the large effective g-factor and tilted-field-induced orbital effect lead to the observation of split SdH peaks at large magnetic fields.Our results validate that AlGaSb/InAs quantum well heterostructures are suitable candidates for constructing energy-efficient topological spintronic devices.
基金part of the research results of“Capacity Building for Science and Technology Innovation Services-Construction of Scientific Research Bases-Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Foreign Cultural Trade and Cultural Exchange”(2013 Collaborative Innovation Center,municipal-level).
文摘Denmark has now established itself as a standout in the global field of sustainable transportation,and behind this achievement lies a comprehensive national green mobility strategy-one that not only drives shifts toward low-carbon travel but also makes cities more livable.This article explores the core components of this strategy,including long-term policies,infrastructure development,incentive measures,and governance collaboration,while also analyzing its impacts on the environment,public health,and the economy.Drawing on practices in Copenhagen and insights from bicycle urban planning,the research finds that Denmark’s integrated approach serves as a replicable model.Notably,it highlights the importance of aligned national-local implementation,equitable infrastructure development,and cultural acceptance of green mobility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977283)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province of China.
文摘Arsenic(As)pollution in coastal wetlands has been receiving growing attention.However,the exact mechanism of As mobility driven by tidal action is still not completely understood.The results reveal that lower total As concentrations in solution were observed in the flood-ebb treatment(FE),with the highest concentration being 7.1μg/L,and As(V)was the predominant species.However,elevated levels of total As in solution were found in the flooded treatment(FL),with a maximum value of 14.5μg/L after 30 days,and As(III)was the predominant form.The results of dissolved organicmatter(DOM)suggest that in the early to mid-stages of the incubation,fulvic acid-like substances might be utilized by microorganisms as electron donors or shuttle bodies,facilitating the reductive release of As/Fe from sediments.Both flood-ebb and flooded treatments promoted the transformation of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As into residual forms.However,prolonged flooded conditions more readily facilitated the formation of specific adsorption forms of As and the reduction of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As,increasing As mobility.In addition,the flood-ebb tides have been found to increase the diversity ofmicrobial populations.The main microbial genera in the flood-ebb treatment included Salinimicrobium,Erythrobacter,Yangia,Sulfitobacter,and Marinobacter.Bacillus,Psychrobacter,and Yangia showed a significant correlation with As(V).In flooded treatment,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Geothermobacter played a major role in the reduction and release of As.This study significantly contributes to the current understanding of how As behaves in diverse natural environments.
文摘This study analyzes the spatial accessibility of key services in Caen,France,focusing on how different transport modes(car,bicycle,and public transit)influence access to essential services across the urban and suburban landscape.Indeed,the introduction of traffic restrictions in towns with low emission zones encourages a detailed study,on a fine spatial scale,of the differences in accessibility between different modes of transport,for different services and for different journey times.Using spatial analysis techniques,we examine accessibility patterns in relation to services such as shops,healthcare,education,and tourism,highlighting significant disparities between transport modes.The findings reveal that car travel provides the highest accessibility across all service categories,particularly for healthcare and recreational services,while bicycle and public transit accessibility is more limited,especially in peripheral areas.A Principal Component Analysis(PCA)synthesizes the multimodal accessibility data,and hierarchical clustering identifies distinct patterns of accessibility using different transport modes across the city.The study further explores temporal trends in accessibility,showing how different modes perform over varying travel times.Based on these findings,we propose targeted policy interventions aimed at improving public transit,enhancing cycling infrastructure,decentralizing essential services,and promoting mixed-use urban development.Future research directions include examining socio-economic disparities,the impact of emerging mobility technologies,and the environmental implications of accessibility patterns.This research provides valuable insights for urban planners seeking to improve mobility equity and sustainability in urban areas.
基金supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Number:RS-2024-00448809National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Number:RS-2025-00517255+1 种基金National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Number:No.2021M3H4A1A02056037supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korean(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2020R1A6A1A03040516).
文摘The evolution of display backplane technologies has been driven by the relentless pursuit of higher form factor and superior performance coupled with lower power consumption.Current state-of-the-art backplane technologies based on amorphous Si,poly Si,and IGZO,face challenges in meeting the requirements of next-generation displays,including larger dimensions,higher refresh rates,increased pixel density,greater brightness,and reduced power consumption.In this context,2D chalcogenides have emerged as promising candidates for thin-film transistors(TFTs)in display backplanes,offering advantages such as high mobility,low leakage current,mechanical robustness,and transparency.This comprehensive review explores the significance of 2D chalcogenides as materials for TFTs in next-generation display backplanes.We delve into the structural characteristics,electronic properties,and synthesis methods of 2D chalcogenides,emphasizing scalable growth strategies that are relevant to large-area display backplanes.Additionally,we discuss mechanical flexibility and strain engineering,crucial for the development of flexible displays.Performance enhancement strategies for 2D chalcogenide TFTs have been explored encompassing techniques in device engineering and geometry optimization,while considering scaling over a large area.Active-matrix implementation of 2D TFTs in various applications is also explored,benchmarking device performance on a large scale which is a necessary aspect of TFTs used in display backplanes.Furthermore,the latest development on the integration of 2D chalcogenide TFTs with different display technologies,such as OLED,quantum dot,and MicroLED displays has been reviewed in detail.Finally,challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed with a brief insight into emerging trends and research directions.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1402503,2023YFA1406200,2023YFB3003001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074138 and 12047530)+2 种基金the Interdisciplinary Integration and Innovation Project of JLUFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(JLUSTIRT)。
文摘High-mobility semiconductor nanotubes have demonstrated great potential for applications in high-speed transistors,single-charge detection,and memory devices.Here we systematically investigated the electronic properties of single-walled boron antimonide(BSb)nanotubes using first-principles calculations.We observed that rolling the hexagonal boron antimonide monolayer into armchair(ANT)and zigzag(ZNT)nanotubes induces compression and wrinkling effects,significantly modifying the band structures and carrier mobilities through band folding andπ^(*)-σ^(*)hybridization.As the chiral index increases,the band gap and carrier mobility of ANTs decrease monotonically,where electron mobility consistently exceeds hole mobility.In contrast,ZNTs exhibit a more complex trend:the band gap first increases and then decreases,and the carrier mobility displays oscillatory behavior.In particular,both ANTs and ZNTs could exhibit significantly higher carrier mobilities compared to hexagonal monolayer and zinc-blende BSb,reaching 10^(-3)-10^(-7) cm^(-2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1).Our findings highlight strong curvature-induced modifications in the electronic properties of single-walled BSb nanotubes,demonstrating the latter as a promising candidate for high-performance electronic devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72271213)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220530143800001 and RCYX20221008092927070)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515240024)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2403500).
文摘Interconnection planning involving bi-directional converters(BdCs)is crucial for enhancing the reliability and robustness of hybrid alternating current(AC)/direct current(DC)microgrid clusters with high penetrations of renewable energy resources(RESs).However,challenges such as the non-convex nature of BdC efficiency and renewable energy uncertainty complicate the planning process.To address these issues,this paper proposes a tri-level BdC-based planning framework that incorporates dynamic BdC efficiency and a data-correlated uncertainty set(DcUS)derived from historical data patterns.The proposed framework employs a least-squares approximation to linearize BdC efficiency and constructs the DcUS to balance computational efficiency and solution robustness.Additionally,a fully parallel column and constraint generation algorithm is developed to solve the model efficiently.Numerical simulations on a practical hybrid AC/DC microgrid system demonstrate that the proposed method reduces interconnection costs by up to 21.8%compared to conventional uncertainty sets while ensuring robust operation under all considered scenarios.These results highlight the computational efficiency,robustness,and practicality of the proposed approach,making it a promising solution for modern power systems.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272137 and U24A20592)the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projecti of CNPC and CUPB(ZLZX2020-01-05)AAPG Foundation Grants-in-Aid.
文摘Mobility is a crucial metric for assessing sweet spots of continental shale oil.However,due to the complexity of shale oil reservoirs characteristics and the lack of systematic analyses of factors influencing mobility,the difference in shale oil mobility under multiple lithofacies control remains unclear,causing significant challenges for mobility evaluation and sweet spot prediction.This study examines continental shales of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag,employing scanning electron microscopy(SEM),nitrogen adsorption(NA),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),spontaneous imbibition(SI),and contact angle measurements(CAM)to investigate the pore structure,connectivity,and wettability properties of different lithofacies shale.Quantitative analyses of shale movable oil content and saturation were conducted using multistep temperature pyrolysis(MTP)and NMR centrifugation techniques.Furthermore,the influence of reservoir characteristics,geochemical characteristics,and lamination development on shale oil mobility were discussed.Results indicate that larger pore diameter,higher imbibition slopes,and lower fractal dimensions of movable fluid pores(D2)correspond to higher movable oil saturation.Organic matter exerts a dual effect on shale movable oil content.When the TOC is below a threshold,the movable oil content gradually increases with TOC.Laminations exhibit favorable reservoir properties and light oil enrichment,enhancing shale oil mobility.Massive siltstone(MS)develops interconnected intergranular pores with the best pore structure and connectivity,the lowest D2 values,and the highest shale oil mobility.Laminated felsic shale(LFS)and laminated calcareous shale(LCS)exhibit moderate mobility,where the development of microfractures enhances fluid flow by connecting isolated pores into pore-fracture networks.In contrast,massive felsic shale(MFS)and bedded felsic shale(BFS)primarily develop intragranular dissolution pores with more complex structures and poorer connectivity,resulting in weaker mobility.A more accurate approach for assessing shale oil mobility has been presented,taking into account both total oil content and movable oil saturation.More importantly,this study establishes a comprehensive conceptual model illustrating the potential relationships among shale lithofacies,reservoir characteristics,and movable oil flow space in the study area.This research not only provides a systematic approach for assessing shale oil mobility but also deepens the understanding of flow mechanisms of continental shale oil,offering theoretical guidance for optimizing sweet spots in the Fengcheng Formation shale oil reservoirs of the Mahu Sag.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 92165207 and 62225407)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No. 2021ZD0302300)。
文摘The direct growth of InGaAs high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs)on silicon facilitates their low-cost production on large-scale wafers.On a U-shaped patterned Si(001)substrate,we have achieved a high-quality In_(0.36)Ga_(0.64)As film with a threading dislocation density of∼7×10^(6)cm^(−2).The fabricated HEMT devices exhibit outstanding electrical characteristics,including a high Hall mobility of 4732 cm^(2)/V·s and an effective mobility of 3305 cm^(2)/V・s at room temperature.Through precise gate-recess processing and surface passivation,both depletion-mode and enhancement-mode devices were realized with transconductances reaching 500mS/mm for a channel length of 100 nm.These results indicate their significant potential for the development of next-generation high-speed Ⅲ-Ⅴ electronic devices on silicon platforms that are compatible with CMOS technology.
