Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleif...Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.展开更多
In recent years, antibiotic pollution has become a serious threat to human health. In this study, a gas-liquid discharge plasma is developed to degrade ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in a multiphase mixed system containi...In recent years, antibiotic pollution has become a serious threat to human health. In this study, a gas-liquid discharge plasma is developed to degrade ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in a multiphase mixed system containing inorganic and organic impurities. The discharge characteristics are analyzed by diagnosing the applied voltage and discharge current waveforms, as well as the optical emission spectra. The work investigates how degradation efficiency is affected by applied voltage, gas flow rate, treatment time, initial concentration as well as the addition of γ-Al_(2)O_(3) pellets and peanut straw. After 70 min, the degradation efficiency of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in the multiphase mixed system reached 99.6%. Its removal efficiency increases as the initial concentration decreases and the applied voltage increases. Besides, there is still a good degradation efficiency of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride with the addition of peanut straw.The degradation mechanism of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is investigated through the analysis of degraded intermediates and reactive species.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate a Recofigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS)-assisted Free-Space Optics-Radio Frequency(FSO-RF)mixed dual-hop communication system for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs).In the first hop,a source ...In this paper,we investigate a Recofigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS)-assisted Free-Space Optics-Radio Frequency(FSO-RF)mixed dual-hop communication system for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs).In the first hop,a source UAV transmits data to a relay UAV using the FSO technique.In the second hop,the relay UAV forwards data to a destination Mobile Station(MS)via an RF channel,with the RIS enhancing coverage and performance.The relay UAV operates in a Decode-and-Forward(DF)mode.As the main contribution,we provide a mathematical performance analysis of the RIS-assisted FSO-RF mixed dual-hop UAV system,evaluating outage probability,Bit-Error Rate(BER),and average capacity.The analysis accounts for factors such as atmospheric attenuation,turbulence,geometric losses,and link interruptions caused by UAV hovering behaviors.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first theoretical investigation of RIS-assisted FSO-RF mixed dual-hop UAV communication systems.Our analytical results show strong agreement with Monte Carlo simulation outcomes.Furthermore,simulation results demonstrate that RIS significantly enhances the performance of UAV-aided mixed RF/FSO systems,although performance saturation is observed due to uncertainties stemming from UAV hovering behavior.展开更多
this paper,we study Liouville theorem for 3D steady Q-tensor system of liquid crystal in mixed Lorentz spaces.We obtain u=0,Q=0 on the conditions that μ∈L^(p,∞x_(1)L^(q,∞x_(2)L^(r,∞x_(3)(R^(4)∩H^(1)(R^(3),Q∈H^(...this paper,we study Liouville theorem for 3D steady Q-tensor system of liquid crystal in mixed Lorentz spaces.We obtain u=0,Q=0 on the conditions that μ∈L^(p,∞x_(1)L^(q,∞x_(2)L^(r,∞x_(3)(R^(4)∩H^(1)(R^(3),Q∈H^(2)(R^(3),p,q,r∈(3,∞],and 1/p+1/q+1/r≥2/3, which extends some known results.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter investigates the problem of multi-dimension formation tracking(MDFT)for the cross-domain unmanned systems,including several interconnected agents,namely,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and unmann...Dear Editor,This letter investigates the problem of multi-dimension formation tracking(MDFT)for the cross-domain unmanned systems,including several interconnected agents,namely,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and unmanned surface vehicles(USVs).We assume that each agent suffers from by the mixed constraints on its velocity,control input and Euler angle.Solving the MDFT problem implies that 1)The virtual state of each USV is determined in the earth coordinate by expanding its 2D work space to the 3D space.展开更多
In this article,we conduct a study on mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces that are defined by means of the mixed L_(p)-norm.By utilizing Doob’s inequalities,we explore the atomic decomposition and quasi-martingale in...In this article,we conduct a study on mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces that are defined by means of the mixed L_(p)-norm.By utilizing Doob’s inequalities,we explore the atomic decomposition and quasi-martingale inequalities of mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces.Moreover,we furnish sufficient conditions for the boundedness ofσ-sublinear operators in these spaces.These findings extend the existing conclusions regarding mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces defined with the help of the mixed L_(p)-norm.展开更多
Aim To define a mixed redundant model(MRM), improving the reliability of C 3I system. Methods The model combined the technology characters of two? unit system with one warm stand by unit and function substitute s...Aim To define a mixed redundant model(MRM), improving the reliability of C 3I system. Methods The model combined the technology characters of two? unit system with one warm stand by unit and function substitute system. The reliability and availability equations of MRM were deduced. Results and Conclusion Compared with several other reliability models, it has obvious effect upon improving the system reliability. The effect? cost rate is very high among these models. The model can be used in reliability design, evaluation and check of C 3I system. Only a little attached cost is needed to improve C 3I system reliability effectively.展开更多
A mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system that responds to changes in Permian climate and subsequent carbonate platform evolution is investigated using microscopic details of the Middle Permian Amb Formation(Fm.),in Saiy...A mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system that responds to changes in Permian climate and subsequent carbonate platform evolution is investigated using microscopic details of the Middle Permian Amb Formation(Fm.),in Saiyiduwali section,Khisor Range,northern Pakistan.Thin sections were made from rocks throughout the stratigraphic section of the Amb Fm.and analyzed with an emphasis on carbonate and clastic microfacies,and the latter interpreted within the existing chronostratigraphic framework.Outcrop observations reveal that the units comprise coarse-grained,channelized,ripplemarked,and burrowed sandstone and sandy,fossiliferous limestone with minor marls and shale intercalations,suggesting deposition in a subaqueous tide-dominated delta to beach barrier.Based on the determined seven microfacies coupled with outcrop observation,the Amb Fm.was deposited in a tide-influenced subaqueous delta to middle shelf environment under fluctuating sea level.The deposition of compositionally mature sandstone in the lower part of the formation suggests reworking of detritus from the rift shoulders and an adjacent source area with an ambient warm and humid climate.The stratal mixing of carbonates and compositionally mature siliciclastic units in the middle part suggest deposition under tectonic and climate-induced terrigenous and carbonate fluxes to the basin.Thus the deposition shows a perfect transition from clastic-dominated deltaic to pure carbonate platform settings as a result of warm climate and tectonics.This Middle Permian warming is confirmed by sea-level rise and the presence of a temperature-sensitive fusulinid fauna in association with photozoan-based ooids.Deposition of the Amb Fm.and establishment of a carbonate platform are envisaged to be associated with major rifting of northern Gondwana,which subsequently resulted in the development of a rift basin at the passive margin of the NW Indian Plate then in northern Pakistan.展开更多
With using the cone and partial ordering t heory and mixed monotone operator theory, the existence and uniqueness for solut ion of systems of non-monotone binary nonliear operator equations are discussed. And the it...With using the cone and partial ordering t heory and mixed monotone operator theory, the existence and uniqueness for solut ion of systems of non-monotone binary nonliear operator equations are discussed. And the iterative sequences which converge to solution of systems of operator e quations and the error estimates are also given. Some corresponding results for the mixed monotone operations and the unary operator equations are improved and generalized.展开更多
By using a new method,a set of easily verifiable sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of positive periodic solutions for three-species Lotka-Volterra mixed systems with periodic stocking:x_(1)^(′)(t)=x...By using a new method,a set of easily verifiable sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of positive periodic solutions for three-species Lotka-Volterra mixed systems with periodic stocking:x_(1)^(′)(t)=x_(1)(t)(b_(1)(t)-a_(11)(t)x_(1)(t)-a_(12)(t)x_(2)(t)-a_(13)(t)x_(3)(t))+S_(1)(t)x_(2)′(t)=x_(2)(t)(-b_(2)(t)+a_(21)(t)x_(1)(t)-a_(22)(t)x_(2)(t)-a_(23)(t)x_(3)(t))+S_(2)(t)x_(3)′(t)=x_(3)(t)(-b_(3)(t)+a 31(t)x_(1)(t)-a_(32)(t)x_(2)(t)-a_(33)(t)x_(3)(t))+S_(3)(t)whereb_(i)(t),a ij(t)(i,j=1,2,3)are positive continuous T-periodic functions,S_(i)(t)(i=1,2,3)are nonnegative continuous T-periodic functions.展开更多
This paper researched the enhanced flotation separation performance of ilmenite and titanaugite using the mixed collector benzhydroxamic acid/dodecylamine(BHA/DDA).The interface assembly mechanism was mainly investiga...This paper researched the enhanced flotation separation performance of ilmenite and titanaugite using the mixed collector benzhydroxamic acid/dodecylamine(BHA/DDA).The interface assembly mechanism was mainly investigated through in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared(ATRFTIR)spectroscopy combined with the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy(2D-COS)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It has been found that BHA/DDA mixed collectors successfully separate ilmenite from titanaugite at a molar ratio of 8:1.Zeta potential experiments suggested that,in the presence of mixed collector system,the BHA-DDA complex adsorbed on the ilmenite surface via the chemically adsorbed BHA and the electrostatically adsorbed DDA,however,the complex adsorbed on the surface of titanaugite unstably.According to in situ ATR-FTIR combined with 2D-COS and XPS results,the interface assembly mechanism of BHA/DDA is summarized as:the function group of BHA molecules first binds to the metal sites on minerals to form bidentate ligand,then DDA co-adsorbed with BHA on the surface of minerals through hydrogen bonding.DDA may change the adsorption modes of some BHA on the ilmenite surface from four-membered ring to five-membered ring,while the modes on the titanaugite surface is true opposite.Finally,recommended adsorption configurations of the BHA/DDA complex on the two mineral surfaces are proposed.展开更多
Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms(MiNENs)are rare mixed tumors containing both neuroendocrine(NE)and non-NE components.Each component must occupy at least 30%of the tumor volume by definition.Recent mo...Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms(MiNENs)are rare mixed tumors containing both neuroendocrine(NE)and non-NE components.Each component must occupy at least 30%of the tumor volume by definition.Recent molecular evidence suggests MiNENs are clonal neoplasms and potentially harbor targetable mutations similar to conventional carcinomas.There have been multiple changes in the nomenclature and classification of MiNENs which has created some confusion among pathologists on how to integrate the contributions of each component in a MiNEN,an issue which in turn has resulted in confusion in communication with front-line treating oncologists.This mini review summarizes our current understanding of MiNENs and outline diagnosis,prognosis,and management of these neoplasms.The authors emphasize the importance of treating the most aggressive component of the tumor regardless of its percentage volume.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mixed tumors of the colon and rectum,composed of a combination of epithelial and endocrine elements of benign and malignant potential are rare neoplasms.These can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal trac...BACKGROUND Mixed tumors of the colon and rectum,composed of a combination of epithelial and endocrine elements of benign and malignant potential are rare neoplasms.These can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract and are often diagnosed incidentally.Though they have been a well-documented entity in the pancreas,where the exocrine-endocrine mixed tumors have been known for a while,recognition and accurate diagnosis of these tumors in the colon and rectum,to date,remains a challenge.This is further compounded by the different terminologies that have been attributed to these lesions over the years adding to increased confusion and misclassification.Therefore,dedicated literature reviews of these lesions in the colon and rectum are inconsistent and are predominantly limited to case reports and case series of limited case numbers.Though,most of these tumors are high grade and of advanced stage,intermediate and low grade lesions of these mixed tumors are also increasingly been reported.There are no established independent consensus based guidelines for the therapeutic patient management of these unique lesions.AIM To provide a comprehensive targeted literature review of these complex mixed tumors in the colon and rectum that chronicles the evolution over time with summarization of historical perspectives of terminology and to further our understanding regarding their pathogenesis including genomic landscape,clinicoradiological features,pathology,treatment,prognosis,the current status of the management of the primary lesions,their recurrences and metastases.METHODS A comprehensive review of the published English literature was conducted using the search engines PubMed,MEDLINE and GOOGLE scholar.The following search terms[“mixed tumors colon”OR mixed endocrine/neuroendocrine tumor/neoplasm/lesion colon OR adenocarcinoma and endocrine/neuroendocrine tumor colon OR mixed adenocarcinoma and endocrine/neuroendocrine carcinoma colon OR Amphicrine tumors OR Collision tumors]were used.Eligibility criteria were defined and all potential relevant items,including full articles and/or abstracts were independently reviewed,assessed and agreed upon items were selected for in-depth analysis.RESULTS In total 237 full articles/abstracts documents were considered for eligibility of which 45 articles were illegible resulting in a total of 192 articles that were assessed for eligibility of which 139 have been selected for reference in this current review.This seminal manuscript is a one stop article that provides a detailed outlook on the evolution over time with summarization of historical perspectives,nomenclature,clinicoradiological features,pathology,treatment,prognosis and the current status of the management of both the primary lesions,their recurrences and metastases.Gaps in knowledge have also been identified and discussed.An important outcome of this manuscript is the justified proposal for a new,simple,clinically relevant,non-ambiguous terminology for these lesions to be referred to as mixed epithelial endocrine neoplasms(MEENs).CONCLUSION MEEN of the colon and rectum are poorly understood rare entities that encompass an extensive range of heterogeneous tumors with a wide variety of combinations leading to tumors of high,intermediate or low grade malignant potential.This proposed new revised terminology of MEEN will solve the biggest hurdle of confusion and misclassification that plagues these rare unique colorectal neoplasms thus facilitating the future design of multi institutional prospective randomized controlled clinical trials to develop and evaluate newer therapeutic strategies that are recommended for continued improved understanding and personal optimization of clinical management of these unique colorectal neoplasms.展开更多
Mixed neuroendocrine-nonneuroendocrine neoplasms(Mi NENs)of the digestive tract are a rare heterogeneous group of tumors that present many challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment.Over the years,the diagnostic c...Mixed neuroendocrine-nonneuroendocrine neoplasms(Mi NENs)of the digestive tract are a rare heterogeneous group of tumors that present many challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment.Over the years,the diagnostic criteria,classification,and clinical behavior of these tumors have been the subjects of ongoing debate,and the various changes in their nomenclature have strengthened the challenges associated with Mi NENs.This review is performed to provide an understanding of the key factors involved in the evolution of the designation of these tumors as Mi NEN,highlight the current diagnostic criteria,summarize the latest data on pathogenesis and provide information on available treatments.Moreover,this work seeks to increase the awareness about these rare neoplasms by presenting the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors that play important roles in their behavior and discussing their different regions of origin in the gastrointestinal system(GIS).Currently,the Mi NEN category also includes tumors in the GIS with a nonneuroendocrine component and epithelial tumors other than adenocarcinoma,depending on the organ of origin.Diagnosis is based on the presence of both morphological components in more than 30%of the tumor.However,this value needs to be reconfirmed with further studies and may be a limiting factor in the diagnosis of Mi NEN by biopsy.Furthermore,available clinicopathological data suggest that the inclusion of amphicrine tumors in the definition of Mi NEN is not supportive and warrants further investigation.The diagnosis of these tumors is not solely based on immunohistochemical findings.They are not hybrid tumors and both components can act independently;thus,careful grading of each component separately is required.In addition to parameters such as the metastatic state of the tumor at the time of diagnosis and the feasibility of surgical resection,the aggressive potential of both components has paramount importance in the choice of treatment.Regardless of the organ of origin within the GIS,almost Mi NENs are tumors with poor prognosis and are frequently encountered in the elderly and men.They are most frequently reported in the colorectum,where data from molecular studies indicate a monoclonal origin;however,further studies are required to provide additional support for this origin.展开更多
The tracking performance of motor current is an important factor that affects the assistance torque of electric power steering （EPS） system. Bad tracking performance will cause assistant torque delay, and make road ...The tracking performance of motor current is an important factor that affects the assistance torque of electric power steering （EPS） system. Bad tracking performance will cause assistant torque delay, and make road feeling bad, and is influenced by the input steering torque and system measuring noise. However the existing methods have some shortages on system＇s robust dynamic performance and robust stability. The mixed H2/H∞ strategy for recirculating ball-type EPS system in a pure electric bus is proposed, and vehicle dynamic model of the system is established. Due to the existence of system model uncertainty, disturbance signals, sensor noises and the demand of system dynamic performance, the indexes of robust performance and road feeling for drivers are defined as the appraisal control objectives. The H∞ method is introduced to design the H∞ controller, and the H2 method is applied to optimize the H∞ controller, thus the mixed H2/H∞ controller is designed. The response of EPS system to the motor current command with amplitude of 20 A, the road disturbance with amplitude of 500 N and the sensor random noise with the amplitude of 1 A is simulated. The simulation results show that the recirculating ball-type EPS system with the mixed H2/H∞ controller can attenuate the random noises and disturbances and track the boost curve well, so the mixed H2/H∞ controller can improve the system＇s robust performance and dynamic performance. For the purpose of verifying the performance of the designed control strategy, the motor current tracking performance ground tests are conducted with step response input of the steering wheel, double-lane steering test and lemniscate steering test, respectively. The tests show that the mixed H2/H∞ controller for the recirculating ball-type EPS system of pure electric bus is feasible. The designed controller can solve the robust performance and robust stability of the system, thus improve the tracking performance of the EPS system and provide satisfied road feeling for the drivers.展开更多
The existence, uniqueness and non-symmetric iterative approximation of solutions for a class of systems of mixed monotone operator equations are discussed. As an application, we utilize, the results presented in this ...The existence, uniqueness and non-symmetric iterative approximation of solutions for a class of systems of mixed monotone operator equations are discussed. As an application, we utilize, the results presented in this paper to study the existence and uniqueness problems of common solutions for a class of systems of functional equations arising in dynamic programming of multistage decision processes and a class of systems of nonlinear integral equation. The results obtained in this paper not only answer an open question suggested in [3] but also generalize the corresponding results of [1],[2].展开更多
With the increasing intelligence and integration,a great number of two-valued variables(generally stored in the form of 0 or 1)often exist in large-scale industrial processes.However,these variables cannot be effectiv...With the increasing intelligence and integration,a great number of two-valued variables(generally stored in the form of 0 or 1)often exist in large-scale industrial processes.However,these variables cannot be effectively handled by traditional monitoring methods such as linear discriminant analysis(LDA),principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least square(PLS)analysis.Recently,a mixed hidden naive Bayesian model(MHNBM)is developed for the first time to utilize both two-valued and continuous variables for abnormality monitoring.Although the MHNBM is effective,it still has some shortcomings that need to be improved.For the MHNBM,the variables with greater correlation to other variables have greater weights,which can not guarantee greater weights are assigned to the more discriminating variables.In addition,the conditional P(x j|x j′,y=k)probability must be computed based on historical data.When the training data is scarce,the conditional probability between continuous variables tends to be uniformly distributed,which affects the performance of MHNBM.Here a novel feature weighted mixed naive Bayes model(FWMNBM)is developed to overcome the above shortcomings.For the FWMNBM,the variables that are more correlated to the class have greater weights,which makes the more discriminating variables contribute more to the model.At the same time,FWMNBM does not have to calculate the conditional probability between variables,thus it is less restricted by the number of training data samples.Compared with the MHNBM,the FWMNBM has better performance,and its effectiveness is validated through numerical cases of a simulation example and a practical case of the Zhoushan thermal power plant(ZTPP),China.展开更多
A new temperature-resistant and salt-tolerant mixed surfactant system(referred to as the SS system)for enhancing oil recovery at the Tahe Oilfield(Xinjiang,China)was evaluated.Based on the analysis of the crude oil,th...A new temperature-resistant and salt-tolerant mixed surfactant system(referred to as the SS system)for enhancing oil recovery at the Tahe Oilfield(Xinjiang,China)was evaluated.Based on the analysis of the crude oil,the formation water and rock components in the Tahe Oilfield,the long-term thermal stability,salt tolerance and the ability to change the wettability,interfacial activity and oil washing efficiency of the mixed surfactant system were studied.The system contains the anionic surfactant SDB and another cationic surfactant SDY.When the total mass concentration of the SS solution is 0.15 wt%,m(SDB)/m(SDY)ratio is 1 to 1,and excellent efficiencies are achieved for oil washing for five kinds of Tahe Oilfield crude oils(more than 60%).In addition,after adding cationic surfactant,the adsorption capacity of the surfactant is further reduced,reaching 0.261 mg/g.The oil displacement experiments indicate that under a temperature of 150°C and a salinity of 24.6×104 mg/L,the SS system enhances the oil recovery by over 10%after water flooding.The SS anionic–cationic surfactant system is first presented in the open literature that can be successfully applied to obtain predictions of Tahe Oilfield carbonate reservoirs with a high temperature and high salinity.展开更多
[Objective] The objective of this paper was to study the simulation and implementation of structure and growth visualization system of artificial mixed stand. [Method] The mixed stand structure visualization model and...[Objective] The objective of this paper was to study the simulation and implementation of structure and growth visualization system of artificial mixed stand. [Method] The mixed stand structure visualization model and growth visualization model were built on the base of the characteristics of mixed stand structure and the relationship between growth and environment; and the C# language and MOGRE graphics engine were used to establish the mixed stand structure and growth visualization system. [Result] The mixed stand structure visualization model and growth visualization model were built, as well as the mixed stand structure and growth visualization system. [Conclusion] This paper realized the visualization simulation of the mixed stand structure and growth.展开更多
文摘Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundations of China (Nos. 52307163 and 12305279)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2023M740498 and 2022M710590)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (No. GZC20230348)。
文摘In recent years, antibiotic pollution has become a serious threat to human health. In this study, a gas-liquid discharge plasma is developed to degrade ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in a multiphase mixed system containing inorganic and organic impurities. The discharge characteristics are analyzed by diagnosing the applied voltage and discharge current waveforms, as well as the optical emission spectra. The work investigates how degradation efficiency is affected by applied voltage, gas flow rate, treatment time, initial concentration as well as the addition of γ-Al_(2)O_(3) pellets and peanut straw. After 70 min, the degradation efficiency of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in the multiphase mixed system reached 99.6%. Its removal efficiency increases as the initial concentration decreases and the applied voltage increases. Besides, there is still a good degradation efficiency of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride with the addition of peanut straw.The degradation mechanism of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is investigated through the analysis of degraded intermediates and reactive species.
基金supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korea government(MSIT)under Grant NRF-2022R1I1A3073740in part by the MSIT(Ministry of Science and ICT),Korea,under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program(IITP-2024-RS-2024-00436406)supervised by the IITP(Institute for Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation)+1 种基金in part by the Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion(IITP)Grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIP,Development of Cube Satellites Based on Core Technologies in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communications)under Grant RS-2024-00396992in part by the Korea Research Institute for Defense Technology planning and advancement(KRIT)grant,funded by the Korea government(DAPA(Defense Acquisition Program Administration))(21-106-A00-007,Space-Layer Intelligent Communication Network Laboratory,2022).
文摘In this paper,we investigate a Recofigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS)-assisted Free-Space Optics-Radio Frequency(FSO-RF)mixed dual-hop communication system for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs).In the first hop,a source UAV transmits data to a relay UAV using the FSO technique.In the second hop,the relay UAV forwards data to a destination Mobile Station(MS)via an RF channel,with the RIS enhancing coverage and performance.The relay UAV operates in a Decode-and-Forward(DF)mode.As the main contribution,we provide a mathematical performance analysis of the RIS-assisted FSO-RF mixed dual-hop UAV system,evaluating outage probability,Bit-Error Rate(BER),and average capacity.The analysis accounts for factors such as atmospheric attenuation,turbulence,geometric losses,and link interruptions caused by UAV hovering behaviors.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first theoretical investigation of RIS-assisted FSO-RF mixed dual-hop UAV communication systems.Our analytical results show strong agreement with Monte Carlo simulation outcomes.Furthermore,simulation results demonstrate that RIS significantly enhances the performance of UAV-aided mixed RF/FSO systems,although performance saturation is observed due to uncertainties stemming from UAV hovering behavior.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871305)。
文摘this paper,we study Liouville theorem for 3D steady Q-tensor system of liquid crystal in mixed Lorentz spaces.We obtain u=0,Q=0 on the conditions that μ∈L^(p,∞x_(1)L^(q,∞x_(2)L^(r,∞x_(3)(R^(4)∩H^(1)(R^(3),Q∈H^(2)(R^(3),p,q,r∈(3,∞],and 1/p+1/q+1/r≥2/3, which extends some known results.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62073301,62373162,62473349,U24A20268,62233007)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20240813114007010).
文摘Dear Editor,This letter investigates the problem of multi-dimension formation tracking(MDFT)for the cross-domain unmanned systems,including several interconnected agents,namely,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and unmanned surface vehicles(USVs).We assume that each agent suffers from by the mixed constraints on its velocity,control input and Euler angle.Solving the MDFT problem implies that 1)The virtual state of each USV is determined in the earth coordinate by expanding its 2D work space to the 3D space.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871195)。
文摘In this article,we conduct a study on mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces that are defined by means of the mixed L_(p)-norm.By utilizing Doob’s inequalities,we explore the atomic decomposition and quasi-martingale inequalities of mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces.Moreover,we furnish sufficient conditions for the boundedness ofσ-sublinear operators in these spaces.These findings extend the existing conclusions regarding mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces defined with the help of the mixed L_(p)-norm.
文摘Aim To define a mixed redundant model(MRM), improving the reliability of C 3I system. Methods The model combined the technology characters of two? unit system with one warm stand by unit and function substitute system. The reliability and availability equations of MRM were deduced. Results and Conclusion Compared with several other reliability models, it has obvious effect upon improving the system reliability. The effect? cost rate is very high among these models. The model can be used in reliability design, evaluation and check of C 3I system. Only a little attached cost is needed to improve C 3I system reliability effectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant Nos.41272115,41572086)。
文摘A mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system that responds to changes in Permian climate and subsequent carbonate platform evolution is investigated using microscopic details of the Middle Permian Amb Formation(Fm.),in Saiyiduwali section,Khisor Range,northern Pakistan.Thin sections were made from rocks throughout the stratigraphic section of the Amb Fm.and analyzed with an emphasis on carbonate and clastic microfacies,and the latter interpreted within the existing chronostratigraphic framework.Outcrop observations reveal that the units comprise coarse-grained,channelized,ripplemarked,and burrowed sandstone and sandy,fossiliferous limestone with minor marls and shale intercalations,suggesting deposition in a subaqueous tide-dominated delta to beach barrier.Based on the determined seven microfacies coupled with outcrop observation,the Amb Fm.was deposited in a tide-influenced subaqueous delta to middle shelf environment under fluctuating sea level.The deposition of compositionally mature sandstone in the lower part of the formation suggests reworking of detritus from the rift shoulders and an adjacent source area with an ambient warm and humid climate.The stratal mixing of carbonates and compositionally mature siliciclastic units in the middle part suggest deposition under tectonic and climate-induced terrigenous and carbonate fluxes to the basin.Thus the deposition shows a perfect transition from clastic-dominated deltaic to pure carbonate platform settings as a result of warm climate and tectonics.This Middle Permian warming is confirmed by sea-level rise and the presence of a temperature-sensitive fusulinid fauna in association with photozoan-based ooids.Deposition of the Amb Fm.and establishment of a carbonate platform are envisaged to be associated with major rifting of northern Gondwana,which subsequently resulted in the development of a rift basin at the passive margin of the NW Indian Plate then in northern Pakistan.
文摘With using the cone and partial ordering t heory and mixed monotone operator theory, the existence and uniqueness for solut ion of systems of non-monotone binary nonliear operator equations are discussed. And the iterative sequences which converge to solution of systems of operator e quations and the error estimates are also given. Some corresponding results for the mixed monotone operations and the unary operator equations are improved and generalized.
基金Supported by the Youth Project Foundation of Hubei Province Education Department(200200002)
文摘By using a new method,a set of easily verifiable sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of positive periodic solutions for three-species Lotka-Volterra mixed systems with periodic stocking:x_(1)^(′)(t)=x_(1)(t)(b_(1)(t)-a_(11)(t)x_(1)(t)-a_(12)(t)x_(2)(t)-a_(13)(t)x_(3)(t))+S_(1)(t)x_(2)′(t)=x_(2)(t)(-b_(2)(t)+a_(21)(t)x_(1)(t)-a_(22)(t)x_(2)(t)-a_(23)(t)x_(3)(t))+S_(2)(t)x_(3)′(t)=x_(3)(t)(-b_(3)(t)+a 31(t)x_(1)(t)-a_(32)(t)x_(2)(t)-a_(33)(t)x_(3)(t))+S_(3)(t)whereb_(i)(t),a ij(t)(i,j=1,2,3)are positive continuous T-periodic functions,S_(i)(t)(i=1,2,3)are nonnegative continuous T-periodic functions.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51904249 and 51922091)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.SYZ202074)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization(No.CNMRCUKF2001).
文摘This paper researched the enhanced flotation separation performance of ilmenite and titanaugite using the mixed collector benzhydroxamic acid/dodecylamine(BHA/DDA).The interface assembly mechanism was mainly investigated through in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared(ATRFTIR)spectroscopy combined with the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy(2D-COS)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It has been found that BHA/DDA mixed collectors successfully separate ilmenite from titanaugite at a molar ratio of 8:1.Zeta potential experiments suggested that,in the presence of mixed collector system,the BHA-DDA complex adsorbed on the ilmenite surface via the chemically adsorbed BHA and the electrostatically adsorbed DDA,however,the complex adsorbed on the surface of titanaugite unstably.According to in situ ATR-FTIR combined with 2D-COS and XPS results,the interface assembly mechanism of BHA/DDA is summarized as:the function group of BHA molecules first binds to the metal sites on minerals to form bidentate ligand,then DDA co-adsorbed with BHA on the surface of minerals through hydrogen bonding.DDA may change the adsorption modes of some BHA on the ilmenite surface from four-membered ring to five-membered ring,while the modes on the titanaugite surface is true opposite.Finally,recommended adsorption configurations of the BHA/DDA complex on the two mineral surfaces are proposed.
文摘Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms(MiNENs)are rare mixed tumors containing both neuroendocrine(NE)and non-NE components.Each component must occupy at least 30%of the tumor volume by definition.Recent molecular evidence suggests MiNENs are clonal neoplasms and potentially harbor targetable mutations similar to conventional carcinomas.There have been multiple changes in the nomenclature and classification of MiNENs which has created some confusion among pathologists on how to integrate the contributions of each component in a MiNEN,an issue which in turn has resulted in confusion in communication with front-line treating oncologists.This mini review summarizes our current understanding of MiNENs and outline diagnosis,prognosis,and management of these neoplasms.The authors emphasize the importance of treating the most aggressive component of the tumor regardless of its percentage volume.
文摘BACKGROUND Mixed tumors of the colon and rectum,composed of a combination of epithelial and endocrine elements of benign and malignant potential are rare neoplasms.These can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract and are often diagnosed incidentally.Though they have been a well-documented entity in the pancreas,where the exocrine-endocrine mixed tumors have been known for a while,recognition and accurate diagnosis of these tumors in the colon and rectum,to date,remains a challenge.This is further compounded by the different terminologies that have been attributed to these lesions over the years adding to increased confusion and misclassification.Therefore,dedicated literature reviews of these lesions in the colon and rectum are inconsistent and are predominantly limited to case reports and case series of limited case numbers.Though,most of these tumors are high grade and of advanced stage,intermediate and low grade lesions of these mixed tumors are also increasingly been reported.There are no established independent consensus based guidelines for the therapeutic patient management of these unique lesions.AIM To provide a comprehensive targeted literature review of these complex mixed tumors in the colon and rectum that chronicles the evolution over time with summarization of historical perspectives of terminology and to further our understanding regarding their pathogenesis including genomic landscape,clinicoradiological features,pathology,treatment,prognosis,the current status of the management of the primary lesions,their recurrences and metastases.METHODS A comprehensive review of the published English literature was conducted using the search engines PubMed,MEDLINE and GOOGLE scholar.The following search terms[“mixed tumors colon”OR mixed endocrine/neuroendocrine tumor/neoplasm/lesion colon OR adenocarcinoma and endocrine/neuroendocrine tumor colon OR mixed adenocarcinoma and endocrine/neuroendocrine carcinoma colon OR Amphicrine tumors OR Collision tumors]were used.Eligibility criteria were defined and all potential relevant items,including full articles and/or abstracts were independently reviewed,assessed and agreed upon items were selected for in-depth analysis.RESULTS In total 237 full articles/abstracts documents were considered for eligibility of which 45 articles were illegible resulting in a total of 192 articles that were assessed for eligibility of which 139 have been selected for reference in this current review.This seminal manuscript is a one stop article that provides a detailed outlook on the evolution over time with summarization of historical perspectives,nomenclature,clinicoradiological features,pathology,treatment,prognosis and the current status of the management of both the primary lesions,their recurrences and metastases.Gaps in knowledge have also been identified and discussed.An important outcome of this manuscript is the justified proposal for a new,simple,clinically relevant,non-ambiguous terminology for these lesions to be referred to as mixed epithelial endocrine neoplasms(MEENs).CONCLUSION MEEN of the colon and rectum are poorly understood rare entities that encompass an extensive range of heterogeneous tumors with a wide variety of combinations leading to tumors of high,intermediate or low grade malignant potential.This proposed new revised terminology of MEEN will solve the biggest hurdle of confusion and misclassification that plagues these rare unique colorectal neoplasms thus facilitating the future design of multi institutional prospective randomized controlled clinical trials to develop and evaluate newer therapeutic strategies that are recommended for continued improved understanding and personal optimization of clinical management of these unique colorectal neoplasms.
文摘Mixed neuroendocrine-nonneuroendocrine neoplasms(Mi NENs)of the digestive tract are a rare heterogeneous group of tumors that present many challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment.Over the years,the diagnostic criteria,classification,and clinical behavior of these tumors have been the subjects of ongoing debate,and the various changes in their nomenclature have strengthened the challenges associated with Mi NENs.This review is performed to provide an understanding of the key factors involved in the evolution of the designation of these tumors as Mi NEN,highlight the current diagnostic criteria,summarize the latest data on pathogenesis and provide information on available treatments.Moreover,this work seeks to increase the awareness about these rare neoplasms by presenting the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors that play important roles in their behavior and discussing their different regions of origin in the gastrointestinal system(GIS).Currently,the Mi NEN category also includes tumors in the GIS with a nonneuroendocrine component and epithelial tumors other than adenocarcinoma,depending on the organ of origin.Diagnosis is based on the presence of both morphological components in more than 30%of the tumor.However,this value needs to be reconfirmed with further studies and may be a limiting factor in the diagnosis of Mi NEN by biopsy.Furthermore,available clinicopathological data suggest that the inclusion of amphicrine tumors in the definition of Mi NEN is not supportive and warrants further investigation.The diagnosis of these tumors is not solely based on immunohistochemical findings.They are not hybrid tumors and both components can act independently;thus,careful grading of each component separately is required.In addition to parameters such as the metastatic state of the tumor at the time of diagnosis and the feasibility of surgical resection,the aggressive potential of both components has paramount importance in the choice of treatment.Regardless of the organ of origin within the GIS,almost Mi NENs are tumors with poor prognosis and are frequently encountered in the elderly and men.They are most frequently reported in the colorectum,where data from molecular studies indicate a monoclonal origin;however,further studies are required to provide additional support for this origin.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51005115, No. 51005248)Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy of China (Grant No. KF11201)
文摘The tracking performance of motor current is an important factor that affects the assistance torque of electric power steering （EPS） system. Bad tracking performance will cause assistant torque delay, and make road feeling bad, and is influenced by the input steering torque and system measuring noise. However the existing methods have some shortages on system＇s robust dynamic performance and robust stability. The mixed H2/H∞ strategy for recirculating ball-type EPS system in a pure electric bus is proposed, and vehicle dynamic model of the system is established. Due to the existence of system model uncertainty, disturbance signals, sensor noises and the demand of system dynamic performance, the indexes of robust performance and road feeling for drivers are defined as the appraisal control objectives. The H∞ method is introduced to design the H∞ controller, and the H2 method is applied to optimize the H∞ controller, thus the mixed H2/H∞ controller is designed. The response of EPS system to the motor current command with amplitude of 20 A, the road disturbance with amplitude of 500 N and the sensor random noise with the amplitude of 1 A is simulated. The simulation results show that the recirculating ball-type EPS system with the mixed H2/H∞ controller can attenuate the random noises and disturbances and track the boost curve well, so the mixed H2/H∞ controller can improve the system＇s robust performance and dynamic performance. For the purpose of verifying the performance of the designed control strategy, the motor current tracking performance ground tests are conducted with step response input of the steering wheel, double-lane steering test and lemniscate steering test, respectively. The tests show that the mixed H2/H∞ controller for the recirculating ball-type EPS system of pure electric bus is feasible. The designed controller can solve the robust performance and robust stability of the system, thus improve the tracking performance of the EPS system and provide satisfied road feeling for the drivers.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The existence, uniqueness and non-symmetric iterative approximation of solutions for a class of systems of mixed monotone operator equations are discussed. As an application, we utilize, the results presented in this paper to study the existence and uniqueness problems of common solutions for a class of systems of functional equations arising in dynamic programming of multistage decision processes and a class of systems of nonlinear integral equation. The results obtained in this paper not only answer an open question suggested in [3] but also generalize the corresponding results of [1],[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62033008,61873143)。
文摘With the increasing intelligence and integration,a great number of two-valued variables(generally stored in the form of 0 or 1)often exist in large-scale industrial processes.However,these variables cannot be effectively handled by traditional monitoring methods such as linear discriminant analysis(LDA),principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least square(PLS)analysis.Recently,a mixed hidden naive Bayesian model(MHNBM)is developed for the first time to utilize both two-valued and continuous variables for abnormality monitoring.Although the MHNBM is effective,it still has some shortcomings that need to be improved.For the MHNBM,the variables with greater correlation to other variables have greater weights,which can not guarantee greater weights are assigned to the more discriminating variables.In addition,the conditional P(x j|x j′,y=k)probability must be computed based on historical data.When the training data is scarce,the conditional probability between continuous variables tends to be uniformly distributed,which affects the performance of MHNBM.Here a novel feature weighted mixed naive Bayes model(FWMNBM)is developed to overcome the above shortcomings.For the FWMNBM,the variables that are more correlated to the class have greater weights,which makes the more discriminating variables contribute more to the model.At the same time,FWMNBM does not have to calculate the conditional probability between variables,thus it is less restricted by the number of training data samples.Compared with the MHNBM,the FWMNBM has better performance,and its effectiveness is validated through numerical cases of a simulation example and a practical case of the Zhoushan thermal power plant(ZTPP),China.
基金The support from the China National High Technology Research and Development Program(No.2013AA064301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51274210)the Research Start-up Fund of Karamay Campus of China University of Petroleum-Beijing(XQZX20200013)is greatly appreciated.
文摘A new temperature-resistant and salt-tolerant mixed surfactant system(referred to as the SS system)for enhancing oil recovery at the Tahe Oilfield(Xinjiang,China)was evaluated.Based on the analysis of the crude oil,the formation water and rock components in the Tahe Oilfield,the long-term thermal stability,salt tolerance and the ability to change the wettability,interfacial activity and oil washing efficiency of the mixed surfactant system were studied.The system contains the anionic surfactant SDB and another cationic surfactant SDY.When the total mass concentration of the SS solution is 0.15 wt%,m(SDB)/m(SDY)ratio is 1 to 1,and excellent efficiencies are achieved for oil washing for five kinds of Tahe Oilfield crude oils(more than 60%).In addition,after adding cationic surfactant,the adsorption capacity of the surfactant is further reduced,reaching 0.261 mg/g.The oil displacement experiments indicate that under a temperature of 150°C and a salinity of 24.6×104 mg/L,the SS system enhances the oil recovery by over 10%after water flooding.The SS anionic–cationic surfactant system is first presented in the open literature that can be successfully applied to obtain predictions of Tahe Oilfield carbonate reservoirs with a high temperature and high salinity.
基金Supported by the Forestry Industry Public Welfare Project of China(201104028)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31170590)the Special Fund for Statelevel Public Welfare Scientiic Research Institute of China(IFRIT201103)~~
文摘[Objective] The objective of this paper was to study the simulation and implementation of structure and growth visualization system of artificial mixed stand. [Method] The mixed stand structure visualization model and growth visualization model were built on the base of the characteristics of mixed stand structure and the relationship between growth and environment; and the C# language and MOGRE graphics engine were used to establish the mixed stand structure and growth visualization system. [Result] The mixed stand structure visualization model and growth visualization model were built, as well as the mixed stand structure and growth visualization system. [Conclusion] This paper realized the visualization simulation of the mixed stand structure and growth.
