Background： A novel approach to modelling individual tree growth dynamics is proposed. The approach combines multiple imputation and copula sampling to produce a stochastic individual tree growth and yield projection...Background： A novel approach to modelling individual tree growth dynamics is proposed. The approach combines multiple imputation and copula sampling to produce a stochastic individual tree growth and yield projection system. Methods： The Nova Scotia, Canada permanent sample plot network is used as a case study to develop and test the modelling approach. Predictions from this model are compared to predictions from the Acadian variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator, a widely used statistical individual tree growth and yield model. Results： Diameter and height growth rates were predicted with error rates consistent with those produced using statistical models. Mortality and ingrowth error rates were higher than those observed for diameter and height, but also were within the bounds produced by traditional approaches for predicting these rates. Ingrowth species composition was very poorly predicted. The model was capable of reproducing a wide range of stand dynamic trajectories and in some cases reproduced trajectories that the statistical model was incapable of reproducing. Conclusions： The model has potential to be used as a benchmarking tool for evaluating statistical and process models and may provide a mechanism to separate signal from noise and improve our ability to analyze and learn from large regional datasets that often have underlying flaws in sample design.展开更多
Aimed at the fading environment characteristics with globalization, this paper provided a new solution based on the conclusion of practical survey. The following steps are emphasized in the new methods:① the idea of ...Aimed at the fading environment characteristics with globalization, this paper provided a new solution based on the conclusion of practical survey. The following steps are emphasized in the new methods:① the idea of holistic thinking;② the quantitative approach; and ③ the mixed development.展开更多
Founded in 1978, the Zhejiang Machinery Equipment Import & Export Corporation is an industrial and trading company engaged in the import and export business of machinery, electronics and instruments. Since 1980, w...Founded in 1978, the Zhejiang Machinery Equipment Import & Export Corporation is an industrial and trading company engaged in the import and export business of machinery, electronics and instruments. Since 1980, when is was granted self-operational rights, the company has increased year by year in terms of export volume, with its management improving and economic returns steadily rising. In 1995, its import and export volume hit US$119.展开更多
文摘Background： A novel approach to modelling individual tree growth dynamics is proposed. The approach combines multiple imputation and copula sampling to produce a stochastic individual tree growth and yield projection system. Methods： The Nova Scotia, Canada permanent sample plot network is used as a case study to develop and test the modelling approach. Predictions from this model are compared to predictions from the Acadian variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator, a widely used statistical individual tree growth and yield model. Results： Diameter and height growth rates were predicted with error rates consistent with those produced using statistical models. Mortality and ingrowth error rates were higher than those observed for diameter and height, but also were within the bounds produced by traditional approaches for predicting these rates. Ingrowth species composition was very poorly predicted. The model was capable of reproducing a wide range of stand dynamic trajectories and in some cases reproduced trajectories that the statistical model was incapable of reproducing. Conclusions： The model has potential to be used as a benchmarking tool for evaluating statistical and process models and may provide a mechanism to separate signal from noise and improve our ability to analyze and learn from large regional datasets that often have underlying flaws in sample design.
文摘Aimed at the fading environment characteristics with globalization, this paper provided a new solution based on the conclusion of practical survey. The following steps are emphasized in the new methods:① the idea of holistic thinking;② the quantitative approach; and ③ the mixed development.
文摘Founded in 1978, the Zhejiang Machinery Equipment Import & Export Corporation is an industrial and trading company engaged in the import and export business of machinery, electronics and instruments. Since 1980, when is was granted self-operational rights, the company has increased year by year in terms of export volume, with its management improving and economic returns steadily rising. In 1995, its import and export volume hit US$119.
