Mitigative effect of La on Glycine max seedlings under combined Pb and Cd pollution was studied through pot culture experiment. The results show that the growth and metabolism of Glycine max seedlings are inhibited by...Mitigative effect of La on Glycine max seedlings under combined Pb and Cd pollution was studied through pot culture experiment. The results show that the growth and metabolism of Glycine max seedlings are inhibited by the solution with 500 mg.L-1 Pb + 100 mg.L-1 Cd. When 30 mg. L-1 LaCl3 is used to spray Glycine max seedlings once, the injury effect of combined Pb and Cd pollution is reduced. The experiment proves that the effect is related to La which can raise photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and activity of nitrate reductase, and reduce cell membrane permeability, content of Pb and Cd, and keep TTC reduction ability of Glycine max seedling.展开更多
1.Introduction Injury prevention is an essential element of science and medicine in sports,and it garners attention from stakeholders focused on minimizing athletes’injury risk.Catchy titles including“injury risk”o...1.Introduction Injury prevention is an essential element of science and medicine in sports,and it garners attention from stakeholders focused on minimizing athletes’injury risk.Catchy titles including“injury risk”or“injury prevention”are likely to grab the readers’attention.Meanwhile,studies on injury prevention might assess the impact of interventions on mitigating injury risk factors(e.g.,strength,range of motion(ROM))but fail to report injury data(e.g.,incidence).1,2 Likewise,observational studies may include“injury risk”in their titles,but fail to provide injury data.3 Without injury data.展开更多
Old-growth forests uniquely support biodiversity while serving as some of the planet's most important carbon stocks.The influence of tree and stand age on carbon flux dynamics remains debated—an urgent question a...Old-growth forests uniquely support biodiversity while serving as some of the planet's most important carbon stocks.The influence of tree and stand age on carbon flux dynamics remains debated—an urgent question as climate-driven disturbances may reshape forest age structures and in situ carbon storage.To clarify these relationships in Fagus sylvatica,systems,we examined a unique dataset of 3,503 tree ring series from 190 plots across some of the best preserved old-growth forests from five southern European countries.By employing a dendrochronological approach and integrating key environmental variables,including elevation,slope,temperature,and the presence of large-diameter trees(≥60 cm),we analyzed the complex relationships between tree/stand age within a plot(represented by plot-level mean values,hereafter“stand age”)and aboveground carbon stock across live,standing,and lying deadwood pools.The average stand age was 220 years,with 230 tC⋅ha^(-1) of carbon stored in aboveground biomass and necromass.We found a positive correlation between age and carbon storage at both the individual tree and plot levels.Notably,the presence of large-diameter trees was the strongest indicator of carbon stock,with carbon accumulation peaking at about 30%large-tree stems proportion before stabilising,while younger beech trees(below 100 years old)had a smaller contribution to carbon storage.We found no evidence of a decline in carbon stock with advancing stand age across the studied sites.Despite the ecological importance of old-growth forests,many of them remain unprotected and are disappearing across Europe.Our findings highlight the importance of preserving old-growth forests to maximize their role as long-term ecosystem carbon reservoirs.展开更多
Background The enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol(3-NOP)inhibits the key enzyme in ruminal methanogenesis,but whether short-term(ST)and long-term(LT)dietary supplementation has similar effects on rumen micro...Background The enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol(3-NOP)inhibits the key enzyme in ruminal methanogenesis,but whether short-term(ST)and long-term(LT)dietary supplementation has similar effects on rumen microbiota in beef cattle and how microbes change after 3-NOP withdrawal have not been studied.This study investigated changes in rumen bacteria,archaea,and protozoa after ST and LT dietary supplementation and removal of 3-NOP using metataxonomic analysis.Results A total of 143 rumen samples were collected from two beef cattle studies with 3-NOP supplementation.The ST study(95 samples)used eight ruminally cannulated beef cattle in a 4×4 Latin square design with four 28-d of 3-NOP treatments[mg/kg of dry matter(DM)]:control:0,low:53,med:161,and high:345.The LT study(48 samples)was a completely randomized design with two 3-NOP treatments[control:0,and high:280 mg/kg of DM)fed for 112-d followed by a 16-d withdrawal(without 3-NOP).Bacterial and archaeal communities were significantly affected by 3-NOP supplementation but limited effects on protozoal communities were observed.Under ST supplementation,the relative abundances of Prevotella,Methanobrevibacter(Mbb.)ruminantium,Methanosphaera sp.ISO3-F5,and Entodinium were increased(Q<0.05),whereas those of Mbb.gottschalkii and Epidinium were decreased(Q<0.05)with 3-NOP supplementation.In LT study,relative abundances of Mbb.ruminantium,and Methanosphaera sp.Group5 were increased(Q<0.05),while those of Saccharofermentans and Mbb.gottschalkii were decreased(Q<0.05)with 3-NOP supplementation.Comparison between 3-NOP supplementation and the withdrawal revealed increased relative abundances of Clostridia UCG-014 and Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group and decreased those of Eubacterium nodatum group and Methanosphaera sp.Group5(P<0.05)after 3-NOP withdrawal.Further comparison of rumen microbiota between control and 3-NOP withdrawal showed significantly higher(P=0.029)relative abundances of Eggerthellaceae DNF00809,p-1088-a5 gut group,and Family XII UCG-001 in control group while no significant differences were detected for archaea and protozoa.Microbial network analysis revealed that microbial interactions differed by both 3-NOP dose and durations.Conclusions Both ST and LT supplementation affected overall rumen microbial profile,with individual microbial groups responded to 3-NOP supplementation differently.After 3-NOP withdrawal,not all microbes showed recovery,indicating that the 3-NOP driven shifts were only partially reversible.These findings provide an understanding of the effects of 3-NOP on rumen microbial communities and their adaptability to methane mitigation strategies.展开更多
Bradyrhizobium is a genus with diverse species in theα-proteobacteria group,known for its ability to form symbiotic and endophytic relationships with both leguminous and non-leguminous plants.Despite its global preva...Bradyrhizobium is a genus with diverse species in theα-proteobacteria group,known for its ability to form symbiotic and endophytic relationships with both leguminous and non-leguminous plants.Despite its global prevalence,the biodiversity of Bradyrhizobium is underreported,particularly in tropical regions.The genus encompasses multiple species with varying symbiotic abilities,and genetic diversity is influenced by environmental factors and soil management practices.These species are prevalent in dry,acidic soils,particularly in Australia and South America.These nitrogen(N)-fixing bacteria thrive in diverse and challenging soil environments,exhibiting resilience through metabolic diversity,stress tolerance,and the ability to utilize various carbon(C)sources.Nitrogen fixation by rhizobium is a highly energy-demanding process that converts atmospheric N(N_(2))into ammonia(NH_(3))under microaerobic conditions.The efficiency of symbiotic N fixation is influenced by environmental stresses,soil conditions,and the genetic diversity of the rhizobial community.This review focuses on the role of Bradyrhizobium in alleviating abiotic stresses and ameliorating biotic stresses in plants.Bradyrhizobium plays a crucial role in mitigating abiotic stresses in plants,such as salinity,drought,and extreme temperatures.Through symbiotic relationships,Bradyrhizobium helps plants to mobilize nutrients,produce phytohormones,and enhance stress tolerance by antioxidative mechanisms,ultimately contributing to improved agricultural productivity.This review highlights the importance of Bradyrhizobium in sustainable agricultural practices,which emphasizes its potential to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers and improve plant resilience to environmental stresses.This review focuses on the progress made in understanding its biodiversity to date and sets the stage for further exploration of the specific mechanisms through which Bradyrhizobium mitigates stress in plants.展开更多
This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The re...This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The region has substantial untapped potential in solar energy,wind energy,hydropower energy,as well as biomass and bioenergy,positioning it strategically for renewable energy deployment.The result demonstrated that integrating renewable energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,improve air quality,enhance energy security,and support rural development.Case studies from Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Tajikistan showed measurable environmental and economic benefits.However,the large-scale use of renewable energy still faces numerous barriers,including outdated infrastructure,fragmented regulatory frameworks,limited investment,and shortages of technical expertise.Overcoming these obstacles requires institutional reform,stronger regional cooperation,and increasing engagement from international financial institutions and private investors.Modernizing grids,deploying storage systems,and investing in education,research,and innovation are critical for building human capacity in renewable energy sector.Accelerating the renewable energy transition is essential for Central Asia to meet climate goals,enhance environmental resilience,and ensure long-term socioeconomic development through innovation,investment,and regional collaboration.展开更多
The informatization of the grid,i.e.,the incorporation of sensing,communications,data platforms,analytics,and automation in the running of power systems,has turned out to be a vital facilitator of environmental mitiga...The informatization of the grid,i.e.,the incorporation of sensing,communications,data platforms,analytics,and automation in the running of power systems,has turned out to be a vital facilitator of environmental mitigation as power systems increasingly take up larger proportions of variable renewables,distributed energy resources(DERs),and electrified end uses.The review summarizes the worldwide evidence related to the ability of informatization-based smart grid applications to lower the environmental impact in six pathways,namely efficiency improvement,flexibility activation,renewable integration,DER coordination,electrification management,and resilience enhancement.Across regions,the most consistently reported benefits arise from reducing waste and improving operational control,including loss reduction,volt/VAR optimization,conservation voltage reduction,and distribution automation,particularly in systems with high baseline losses or frequent outages.Demand response,dynamic pricing,and managed electric vehicle(EV)charging can further lower emissions when they displace high-emitting marginal generation or align consumption with time-varying low-carbon supply;however,outcomes are highly sensitive to marginal emissions profiles and accounting methods.In highrenewable systems,forecasting,congestion management,and curtailment reduction emerge as high-leverage mechanisms,while distributed energy resource management systems/virtual power plant(DERMS/VPP)-enabled coordination can expand hosting capacity and substitute distributed flexibility for carbon-intensive balancing,contingent on interoperability and constraint-aware control.The review also highlights trade-offs that shape net benefits,including embodied impacts and e-waste from digital hardware,information and communication technologies(ICT)energy use,rebound and equity effects,and cyber-physical risks.We conclude with governance and research priorities for verifiable,secure,and lifecyclesustainable informatization.展开更多
Coal mining activities significantly impact the environment through water,soil,and air pollution of the surrounding areas.The dispersal of pollutants and the degradation of soil quality by toxic metals emitted from co...Coal mining activities significantly impact the environment through water,soil,and air pollution of the surrounding areas.The dispersal of pollutants and the degradation of soil quality by toxic metals emitted from coal mining activities cause significant concerns worldwide,posing serious risks to ecosystems,human health,and vegetation.Restoration of quality of soil contaminated by toxic metals from coal mining is challenging due to the continuous increase in the concentration of toxic metals such as lead,copper,chromium,cadmium,and arsenic within the soil matrix.Conventional approaches utilized for the remediation of soil are often time-consuming and labour-intensive.In addition,they may lead to secondary pollution,particularly when applied at a large scale.Phytoremediation,a technique that utilizes plants with high metal accumulation capacity,has surfaced as a promising,eco-friendly strategy for remediating soil contaminated with toxic metals.These plants can absorb and sequester metals into above-and belowground tissues or stabilize them into less bioavailable forms within the rhizosphere.Species from families such as Brassicaceae and Asteraceae have demonstrated notable effectiveness in phytoremediation applications.The efficiency of phytoremediation can be further enhanced by applying organic and inorganic soil amendments to increase metal bioavailability and plant uptake.Moreover,genetic engineering has enabled the development of plants with improved metal tolerance and accumulation capacities.Complementing these approaches,microbial phytoremediation employs plant-associated microbes to facilitate metal uptake and transformation,increasing the overall remediation efficiency.Following remediation,biomass is proposed for value-added applications,including biochar,biogas,and recovery of metals for industrial reuse.This review summarizes the current progress,emerging strategies,and future prospects of phytoremediation for mitigating toxic metal pollution in coal mining-affected soils.Altogether,these approaches illustrate the potential of integrating circular bioeconomy principles in transforming phytoremediation as a sustainable strategy for mitigating toxic metal pollution in coal mining regions.展开更多
Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics i...Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics in forest restoration,which is crucial for mitigating climate change and sustaining ecosystem services.This review summarizes methodologies and advancements in pedometric approaches,focusing on their application in predicting SOC changes across various environments.It highlights the integration of pedometric methods involving spatiotemporal and vertical modeling tools,such as spatially explicit models and geospatial models,to improve soil carbon(C)stock estimates.These methods utilize advanced statistical techniques and remote sensing technologies to model soil properties and predict soil C dynamics across different spatiotemporal scales.The Century model,noted for its effectiveness in simulating long-term SOC drivers under various restoration scenarios,provides critical insights into sustainable forest management.This review evaluates potential solutions for understanding how C evolves over time and under different forest management practices,including afforestation and selective logging.In addition,the review identifies knowledge gaps,such as the need for improved models to predict soil C stocks under diverse environmental conditions accurately.Addressing these gaps through enhanced pedometric models and evaluation efforts is crucial for informing effective soil management strategies and supporting global climate change mitigation initiatives through forest restoration.Integrating pedometric approaches with spatial modeling tools provides a robust framework for guiding forest restoration decision-making and enhancing ecosystem resilience against climate change.展开更多
Background Methane(CH_(4))emissions from ruminants significantly contribute to greenhouse gas effects and energy loss in livestock production.Methyl-coenzyme M reductase(MCR)is the key enzyme in methanogenesis,making ...Background Methane(CH_(4))emissions from ruminants significantly contribute to greenhouse gas effects and energy loss in livestock production.Methyl-coenzyme M reductase(MCR)is the key enzyme in methanogenesis,making it a promising target for CH_(4) mitigation.This study aimed to identify and validate plant-derived inhibitors by using molecular docking to screen compounds with strong binding affinity to the F430 active site of MCR and assessing their efficacy in reducing CH_(4) emissions.Results Molecular docking analysis identified salvianolic acid C(SAC)as a potent inhibitor of MCR,showing a strong binding affinity to the F430 active site(binding energy:-8.2 kcal/mol).Enzymatic inhibition assays confirmed its inhibitory effect,with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of 692.3μmol/L.In vitro rumen fermentation experiments demonstrated that SAC supplementation(1.5 mg/g DM)significantly reduced CH_(4)production(P<0.01)without negatively affecting major fermentation parameters.Microbial community analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics revealed that SAC selectively altered the rumen microbiota,increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidota while significantly reducing Methanobrevibacter(P=0.04).Moreover,metagenomic analysis showed the downregulation of key methanogenesis-related genes(mcrA and rnfC),suggesting a dual mechanism involving direct enzymatic inhibition and microbial community modulation.Conclusions These findings indicate that SAC effectively reduces CH_(4)production by inhibiting MCR activity and reshaping the rumen microbial community.As a plant-derived compound with strong inhibitory effects on methanogenesis,SAC presents a promising and sustainable alternative to synthetic CH_(4) inhibitors,offering potential applications for mitigating CH_(4)emissions in livestock production.展开更多
In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved D...In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer(IDBO)with VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD).The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations.This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition(VMD)algorithm,and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO selfoptimization of key parameters K and a.On this basis,Fourier transform technology is used to define the boundary point between high frequency and low frequency signals,and a targeted energy distribution strategy is proposed:high frequency fluctuations are allocated to supercapacitors to quickly respond to transient power fluctuations;Lowfrequency components are distributed to lead-carbon batteries,optimizing long-term energy storage and scheduling efficiency.This strategy effectively improves the response speed and stability of the energy storage system.The experimental results demonstrate that the IDBO-VMD algorithm markedly outperforms traditional methods in both decomposition accuracy and computational efficiency.Specifically,it effectively reduces the charge–discharge frequency of the battery,prolongs battery life,and optimizes the operating ranges of the state-of-charge(SOC)for both leadcarbon batteries and supercapacitors.In addition,the energy management strategy based on the algorithm not only improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system,but also shows excellent performance in the dynamic management and intelligent scheduling of renewable energy generation.展开更多
Urban Heat Islands(UHI)are a significant environmental challenge in rapidly urbanizing cities,exacerbated by climate change and urbanization.The UHI effect causes the high temperatures of urban regions,causing high en...Urban Heat Islands(UHI)are a significant environmental challenge in rapidly urbanizing cities,exacerbated by climate change and urbanization.The UHI effect causes the high temperatures of urban regions,causing high energy consumption,health hazards,and degradation of the environment.Remote sensing technology has found it invaluable to monitor and control UHI because it has been used to give spatially continuous data of land surface temperatures,vegetation,and urban morphology.This review paper summarizes the recent innovations in remote sensing techniques of UHI monitoring,empirical evidence of the UHI trends in various climates,and mitigation and adaptation strategies based on remote sensing.Also,it determines the gaps in the existing research,namely the data integration,mixed-pixel issues,and the socio-political barriers,and points out the emerging technologies that suggest potential solutions.The article ends by suggesting an all-encompassing model of urban heat resilience comprising remote sensing,urban planning,and fair policy formulation in tackling the increasing UHI issues amid global warming.展开更多
Scientific analysis of aeolian sand environments is fundamental for sustainable disaster mitigation along desert highways.However,significant regional variability in wind energy conditions complicates accurate charact...Scientific analysis of aeolian sand environments is fundamental for sustainable disaster mitigation along desert highways.However,significant regional variability in wind energy conditions complicates accurate characterization of wind regimes and introduces uncertainty in determining optimal monitoring timescales.Moreover,prevailing sand control measures often rely on standardized designs rather than site-specific adaptive strategies.To address these issues,this study proposes an integrated framework for aeolian environment analysis and develops targeted disaster mitigation strategies tailored for desert highways.The proposed framework employs wavelet transform to unravel the periodic characteristics of wind speed time series and integrates multi-source data(including ERA5 wind datasets,sand samples,ASTER GDEM,and multi-temporal remote sensing imagery)to enable a comprehensive aeolian environmental assessment.Concurrently,a suite of adaptive strategies is formulated to mitigate disaster risks along desert highways.Validated through a case study of the Tumushuk-Kunyu Desert Highway in Xinjiang,China,the framework exhibits high accuracy:predictions of annual aeolian sand transport activity show relative errors mostly below 7%against long-term reference sequences,and the calculated resultant drift direction exhibits a strong correlation with observed dune migration,yielding an R-squared value of 0.96.These findings confirm the framework’s reliability and provide a robust basis for designing adaptive,location-specific mitigation strategies,thereby enhancing the sustainability of desert highway infrastructure.展开更多
The problem of fake news detection(FND)is becoming increasingly important in the field of natural language processing(NLP)because of the rapid dissemination of misleading information on the web.Large language models(L...The problem of fake news detection(FND)is becoming increasingly important in the field of natural language processing(NLP)because of the rapid dissemination of misleading information on the web.Large language models(LLMs)such as GPT-4.Zero excels in natural language understanding tasks but can still struggle to distinguish between fact and fiction,particularly when applied in the wild.However,a key challenge of existing FND methods is that they only consider unimodal data(e.g.,images),while more detailed multimodal data(e.g.,user behaviour,temporal dynamics)is neglected,and the latter is crucial for full-context understanding.To overcome these limitations,we introduce M3-FND(Multimodal Misinformation Mitigation for False News Detection),a novel methodological framework that integrates LLMs with multimodal data sources to perform context-aware veracity assessments.Our method proposes a hybrid system that combines image-text alignment,user credibility profiling,and temporal pattern recognition,which is also strengthened through a natural feedback loop that provides real-time feedback for correcting downstream errors.We use contextual reinforcement learning to schedule prompt updating and update the classifier threshold based on the latest multimodal input,which enables the model to better adapt to changing misinformation attack strategies.M3-FND is tested on three diverse datasets,FakeNewsNet,Twitter15,andWeibo,which contain both text and visual socialmedia content.Experiments showthatM3-FND significantly outperforms conventional and LLMbased baselines in terms of accuracy,F1-score,and AUC on all benchmarks.Our results indicate the importance of employing multimodal cues and adaptive learning for effective and timely detection of fake news.展开更多
With rising anthropogenic activities,the contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals has become a pressing global concern,posing significant threats to plant growth,soil health,and human safety.Biochar,derived from ...With rising anthropogenic activities,the contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals has become a pressing global concern,posing significant threats to plant growth,soil health,and human safety.Biochar,derived from pyrolysis of organic wastes,has emerged as a promising,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly solution for mitigating heavy metal toxicity in soil.This review explores the multifunctional properties of biochar that make it an effective adsorbent for heavy metals,highlighting the pivotal role of pyrolysis temperature in determining its physiochemical and structural properties.Higher pyrolytic temperatures enhance biochar's specific surface area,microporosity,p H,and stability,contributing to its increased efficiency in adsorbing heavy metals such as chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)),cadmium(Cd(Ⅱ)),and zinc(Zn(Ⅱ)).The mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization by biochar are influenced by the variations in biomass feedstock,pyrolysis conditions,and functional group modifications.This review also delves into the molecular mechanisms by which biochar regulates stress responses in plants,including the expression of key genes like Os FSD1,Os CAT,Os SOD,and Bn IRT1,which mitigate oxidative stress induced by heavy metals.Thus,by improving soil properties and promoting plant resilience,biochar stands as a versatile soil amendment with vast potential for environmental bioremediation.展开更多
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a major global healthchallenge, ranking as the sixth most common andthird most fatal malignancy worldwide, according toGLOBOCAN 2022 estimates[1]. This high mortalityrate underscores the ...Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a major global healthchallenge, ranking as the sixth most common andthird most fatal malignancy worldwide, according toGLOBOCAN 2022 estimates[1]. This high mortalityrate underscores the aggressive nature of thedisease and the significant burden it places on globalhealthcare systems. Although primary preventionremains the cornerstone of liver cancer control,improving outcomes for patients already diagnosedis equally critical for mitigating the impact of thedisease.展开更多
Rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur(M-S)batteries,including Li/Na/K-S chemistries,have the potential to utilize abundant and low-cost sulfur cathodes yet offer high theoretical energy densities.However,their practical el...Rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur(M-S)batteries,including Li/Na/K-S chemistries,have the potential to utilize abundant and low-cost sulfur cathodes yet offer high theoretical energy densities.However,their practical electrochemical performance is fundamentally limited by the polysulfide shuttle effect.This challenge is particularly exacerbated in Na-S and K-S systems owing to larger metal-ion radii,weaker solvation energies,slower redox kinetics,and greater electrolyte-electrode incompatibilities compared to Li-S batteries.This review presents a comparative analysis of interface engineering strategies designed to suppress the shuttle effect across these three systems.Following a summary of sulfur cathode properties and reaction mechanisms,we systematically examine the origins of polysulfide shuttling.Our analysis progresses from functional separator design and interlayer enhancements to the implementation of solid-state electrolytes for root-cause inhibition.By evaluating interface engineering research specific to Na-S and K-S batteries,we elucidate both shared principles and unique challenges inherent to alkali M-S systems.Finally,we propose multifaceted solutions to achieve shuttlefree operation and enhance overall battery performance,thereby establishing a foundation for future advancements.展开更多
The scaling-up of electrochemical CO_(2)reduction requires circumventing the CO_(2)loss as carbonates under alkaline conditions.Zero-gap MEA cell configurations with a proton exchange membrane represent an alternative...The scaling-up of electrochemical CO_(2)reduction requires circumventing the CO_(2)loss as carbonates under alkaline conditions.Zero-gap MEA cell configurations with a proton exchange membrane represent an alternative solution in a pure acidic system,but the catalyst layer in direct contact with the hydrated proton environment usually leads to H_(2)evolution dominating.Herein,we show that polydimethyldiallyl-ammonium-chloride-coated Ag(Ag@PDDA)electrode exhibits outstanding performance with a FE of 86%,a single-pass conversion of 72%,and a stability of 28 h for CO production in pure-acid MEA compared with ammonium poly(N-methyl-piperidine-co-pterphenyl)decorated Ag(Ag/QAPPT)and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide decorated Ag(Ag/CTAB).The in situ ATR-SEIRAS reveal that PDDA creates a positive charge-rich protective outer layer and an N-rich hybrid inner layer,which not only suppresses the migration of H+during the electrolysis process and blocks the direct contact between H2O and Ag catalyst,but also promotes the generation from CO_(2)to*COOH in a pure-acid system.This work highlights the importance of polyelectrolyte engineering in regulating the electrocatalytic interface and accelerates the development of proton exchange membrane CO_(2)electrolysis.展开更多
In erasure-coded storage systems,updating data requires parity maintenance,which often leads to significant I/O amplification due to“write-after-read”operations.Furthermore,scattered parity placement increases disk ...In erasure-coded storage systems,updating data requires parity maintenance,which often leads to significant I/O amplification due to“write-after-read”operations.Furthermore,scattered parity placement increases disk seek overhead during repair,resulting in degraded system performance.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a Cognitive Update and Repair Method(CURM)that leverages machine learning to classify files into writeonly,read-only,and read-write categories,enabling tailored update and repair strategies.For write-only and read-write files,CURM employs a data-differencemechanism combined with fine-grained I/O scheduling to minimize redundant read operations and mitigate I/O amplification.For read-write files,CURM further reserves adjacent disk space near parity blocks,supporting parallel reads and reducing disk seek overhead during repair.We implement CURM in a prototype system,Cognitive Update and Repair File System(CURFS),and conduct extensive experiments using realworld Network File System(NFS)and Microsoft Research(MSR)workloads on a 25-node cluster.Experimental results demonstrate that CURMimproves data update throughput by up to 82.52%,reduces recovery time by up to 47.47%,and decreases long-term storage overhead by more than 15% compared to state-of-the-art methods including Full Logging(FL),ParityLogging(PL),ParityLoggingwithReservedspace(PLR),andPARIX.These results validate the effectiveness of CURM in enhancing both update and repair performance,providing a scalable and efficient solution for large-scale erasure-coded storage systems.展开更多
On July 2^(nd),2025,32 scientists representing 15 countries gathered at Tartu,Estonia to make on-site endorsements for the Global ONCE(Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions)Program at the 12th INTECOL Wetlands Conference.Th...On July 2^(nd),2025,32 scientists representing 15 countries gathered at Tartu,Estonia to make on-site endorsements for the Global ONCE(Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions)Program at the 12th INTECOL Wetlands Conference.This marks a significant milestone for ONCE in establishing a systematic framework for coastal wetland carbon sequestration research and global collaboration(Figs.1,2).Coastal wetlands are critical transition zones linking terrestrial and marine ecosystems,yet they face severe degradation from anthropogenic land-based activities and sea level rise that propagate impacts to the ocean.As a UN Ocean Decade Program,the Global ONCE Program champions interdisciplinary and cross-regional collaboration to enhance carbon sequestration in the ocean and coastal wetlands through science and innovation.Aligned with the Tartu Declaration on Wetlands that includes resolutions to promote the rights of global wetlands(especially peatlands)and advance the discipline of wetland science based on facts,this initiative addresses key knowledge gaps in land-ocean interactions.The goal is to harness the full potential of coastal wetlands and ocean systems for climate mitigation,thereby laying a scientific foundation for international policy formulation and implementation.展开更多
文摘Mitigative effect of La on Glycine max seedlings under combined Pb and Cd pollution was studied through pot culture experiment. The results show that the growth and metabolism of Glycine max seedlings are inhibited by the solution with 500 mg.L-1 Pb + 100 mg.L-1 Cd. When 30 mg. L-1 LaCl3 is used to spray Glycine max seedlings once, the injury effect of combined Pb and Cd pollution is reduced. The experiment proves that the effect is related to La which can raise photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and activity of nitrate reductase, and reduce cell membrane permeability, content of Pb and Cd, and keep TTC reduction ability of Glycine max seedling.
基金Centre of Research,Education,Innovation,and Intervention in Sport(CIFI2D)is financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology,under the DOI https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/05913/2020。
文摘1.Introduction Injury prevention is an essential element of science and medicine in sports,and it garners attention from stakeholders focused on minimizing athletes’injury risk.Catchy titles including“injury risk”or“injury prevention”are likely to grab the readers’attention.Meanwhile,studies on injury prevention might assess the impact of interventions on mitigating injury risk factors(e.g.,strength,range of motion(ROM))but fail to report injury data(e.g.,incidence).1,2 Likewise,observational studies may include“injury risk”in their titles,but fail to provide injury data.3 Without injury data.
基金supported by the Czech University of Life Sciences(Internal Grant Agency:A_12_24,43110/1312/3103)the Czech Science Foundation(Grant GACR No.21-27454S)+3 种基金Technology Agency of the Czech Republic(TACR No.SS06010420)provided by the CLIMB-FOREST project(No.101060554)project FORbEST(No.101181878)funded under the Horizon Europe Framework Programme。
文摘Old-growth forests uniquely support biodiversity while serving as some of the planet's most important carbon stocks.The influence of tree and stand age on carbon flux dynamics remains debated—an urgent question as climate-driven disturbances may reshape forest age structures and in situ carbon storage.To clarify these relationships in Fagus sylvatica,systems,we examined a unique dataset of 3,503 tree ring series from 190 plots across some of the best preserved old-growth forests from five southern European countries.By employing a dendrochronological approach and integrating key environmental variables,including elevation,slope,temperature,and the presence of large-diameter trees(≥60 cm),we analyzed the complex relationships between tree/stand age within a plot(represented by plot-level mean values,hereafter“stand age”)and aboveground carbon stock across live,standing,and lying deadwood pools.The average stand age was 220 years,with 230 tC⋅ha^(-1) of carbon stored in aboveground biomass and necromass.We found a positive correlation between age and carbon storage at both the individual tree and plot levels.Notably,the presence of large-diameter trees was the strongest indicator of carbon stock,with carbon accumulation peaking at about 30%large-tree stems proportion before stabilising,while younger beech trees(below 100 years old)had a smaller contribution to carbon storage.We found no evidence of a decline in carbon stock with advancing stand age across the studied sites.Despite the ecological importance of old-growth forests,many of them remain unprotected and are disappearing across Europe.Our findings highlight the importance of preserving old-growth forests to maximize their role as long-term ecosystem carbon reservoirs.
基金funded by the Beef Cattle Research Council Cluster(FDE.18.21C)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery,NSERC Canadian Research Chair(Tier 1)program+2 种基金NSERC Alliance program(ALLRP 588541‐23)Foundation for Food&Agriculture Research Greener Cattle Initiative(Award ID 22‐000373)DSM Nutritional Products,Kaiseraugst,Switzerland。
文摘Background The enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol(3-NOP)inhibits the key enzyme in ruminal methanogenesis,but whether short-term(ST)and long-term(LT)dietary supplementation has similar effects on rumen microbiota in beef cattle and how microbes change after 3-NOP withdrawal have not been studied.This study investigated changes in rumen bacteria,archaea,and protozoa after ST and LT dietary supplementation and removal of 3-NOP using metataxonomic analysis.Results A total of 143 rumen samples were collected from two beef cattle studies with 3-NOP supplementation.The ST study(95 samples)used eight ruminally cannulated beef cattle in a 4×4 Latin square design with four 28-d of 3-NOP treatments[mg/kg of dry matter(DM)]:control:0,low:53,med:161,and high:345.The LT study(48 samples)was a completely randomized design with two 3-NOP treatments[control:0,and high:280 mg/kg of DM)fed for 112-d followed by a 16-d withdrawal(without 3-NOP).Bacterial and archaeal communities were significantly affected by 3-NOP supplementation but limited effects on protozoal communities were observed.Under ST supplementation,the relative abundances of Prevotella,Methanobrevibacter(Mbb.)ruminantium,Methanosphaera sp.ISO3-F5,and Entodinium were increased(Q<0.05),whereas those of Mbb.gottschalkii and Epidinium were decreased(Q<0.05)with 3-NOP supplementation.In LT study,relative abundances of Mbb.ruminantium,and Methanosphaera sp.Group5 were increased(Q<0.05),while those of Saccharofermentans and Mbb.gottschalkii were decreased(Q<0.05)with 3-NOP supplementation.Comparison between 3-NOP supplementation and the withdrawal revealed increased relative abundances of Clostridia UCG-014 and Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group and decreased those of Eubacterium nodatum group and Methanosphaera sp.Group5(P<0.05)after 3-NOP withdrawal.Further comparison of rumen microbiota between control and 3-NOP withdrawal showed significantly higher(P=0.029)relative abundances of Eggerthellaceae DNF00809,p-1088-a5 gut group,and Family XII UCG-001 in control group while no significant differences were detected for archaea and protozoa.Microbial network analysis revealed that microbial interactions differed by both 3-NOP dose and durations.Conclusions Both ST and LT supplementation affected overall rumen microbial profile,with individual microbial groups responded to 3-NOP supplementation differently.After 3-NOP withdrawal,not all microbes showed recovery,indicating that the 3-NOP driven shifts were only partially reversible.These findings provide an understanding of the effects of 3-NOP on rumen microbial communities and their adaptability to methane mitigation strategies.
基金the University Grants Commission,New Delhi,India(No.191620133242)。
文摘Bradyrhizobium is a genus with diverse species in theα-proteobacteria group,known for its ability to form symbiotic and endophytic relationships with both leguminous and non-leguminous plants.Despite its global prevalence,the biodiversity of Bradyrhizobium is underreported,particularly in tropical regions.The genus encompasses multiple species with varying symbiotic abilities,and genetic diversity is influenced by environmental factors and soil management practices.These species are prevalent in dry,acidic soils,particularly in Australia and South America.These nitrogen(N)-fixing bacteria thrive in diverse and challenging soil environments,exhibiting resilience through metabolic diversity,stress tolerance,and the ability to utilize various carbon(C)sources.Nitrogen fixation by rhizobium is a highly energy-demanding process that converts atmospheric N(N_(2))into ammonia(NH_(3))under microaerobic conditions.The efficiency of symbiotic N fixation is influenced by environmental stresses,soil conditions,and the genetic diversity of the rhizobial community.This review focuses on the role of Bradyrhizobium in alleviating abiotic stresses and ameliorating biotic stresses in plants.Bradyrhizobium plays a crucial role in mitigating abiotic stresses in plants,such as salinity,drought,and extreme temperatures.Through symbiotic relationships,Bradyrhizobium helps plants to mobilize nutrients,produce phytohormones,and enhance stress tolerance by antioxidative mechanisms,ultimately contributing to improved agricultural productivity.This review highlights the importance of Bradyrhizobium in sustainable agricultural practices,which emphasizes its potential to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers and improve plant resilience to environmental stresses.This review focuses on the progress made in understanding its biodiversity to date and sets the stage for further exploration of the specific mechanisms through which Bradyrhizobium mitigates stress in plants.
文摘This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The region has substantial untapped potential in solar energy,wind energy,hydropower energy,as well as biomass and bioenergy,positioning it strategically for renewable energy deployment.The result demonstrated that integrating renewable energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,improve air quality,enhance energy security,and support rural development.Case studies from Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Tajikistan showed measurable environmental and economic benefits.However,the large-scale use of renewable energy still faces numerous barriers,including outdated infrastructure,fragmented regulatory frameworks,limited investment,and shortages of technical expertise.Overcoming these obstacles requires institutional reform,stronger regional cooperation,and increasing engagement from international financial institutions and private investors.Modernizing grids,deploying storage systems,and investing in education,research,and innovation are critical for building human capacity in renewable energy sector.Accelerating the renewable energy transition is essential for Central Asia to meet climate goals,enhance environmental resilience,and ensure long-term socioeconomic development through innovation,investment,and regional collaboration.
文摘The informatization of the grid,i.e.,the incorporation of sensing,communications,data platforms,analytics,and automation in the running of power systems,has turned out to be a vital facilitator of environmental mitigation as power systems increasingly take up larger proportions of variable renewables,distributed energy resources(DERs),and electrified end uses.The review summarizes the worldwide evidence related to the ability of informatization-based smart grid applications to lower the environmental impact in six pathways,namely efficiency improvement,flexibility activation,renewable integration,DER coordination,electrification management,and resilience enhancement.Across regions,the most consistently reported benefits arise from reducing waste and improving operational control,including loss reduction,volt/VAR optimization,conservation voltage reduction,and distribution automation,particularly in systems with high baseline losses or frequent outages.Demand response,dynamic pricing,and managed electric vehicle(EV)charging can further lower emissions when they displace high-emitting marginal generation or align consumption with time-varying low-carbon supply;however,outcomes are highly sensitive to marginal emissions profiles and accounting methods.In highrenewable systems,forecasting,congestion management,and curtailment reduction emerge as high-leverage mechanisms,while distributed energy resource management systems/virtual power plant(DERMS/VPP)-enabled coordination can expand hosting capacity and substitute distributed flexibility for carbon-intensive balancing,contingent on interoperability and constraint-aware control.The review also highlights trade-offs that shape net benefits,including embodied impacts and e-waste from digital hardware,information and communication technologies(ICT)energy use,rebound and equity effects,and cyber-physical risks.We conclude with governance and research priorities for verifiable,secure,and lifecyclesustainable informatization.
基金Sri Ramaswamy Memorial University,Andhra Pradesh,India for providing fellowship。
文摘Coal mining activities significantly impact the environment through water,soil,and air pollution of the surrounding areas.The dispersal of pollutants and the degradation of soil quality by toxic metals emitted from coal mining activities cause significant concerns worldwide,posing serious risks to ecosystems,human health,and vegetation.Restoration of quality of soil contaminated by toxic metals from coal mining is challenging due to the continuous increase in the concentration of toxic metals such as lead,copper,chromium,cadmium,and arsenic within the soil matrix.Conventional approaches utilized for the remediation of soil are often time-consuming and labour-intensive.In addition,they may lead to secondary pollution,particularly when applied at a large scale.Phytoremediation,a technique that utilizes plants with high metal accumulation capacity,has surfaced as a promising,eco-friendly strategy for remediating soil contaminated with toxic metals.These plants can absorb and sequester metals into above-and belowground tissues or stabilize them into less bioavailable forms within the rhizosphere.Species from families such as Brassicaceae and Asteraceae have demonstrated notable effectiveness in phytoremediation applications.The efficiency of phytoremediation can be further enhanced by applying organic and inorganic soil amendments to increase metal bioavailability and plant uptake.Moreover,genetic engineering has enabled the development of plants with improved metal tolerance and accumulation capacities.Complementing these approaches,microbial phytoremediation employs plant-associated microbes to facilitate metal uptake and transformation,increasing the overall remediation efficiency.Following remediation,biomass is proposed for value-added applications,including biochar,biogas,and recovery of metals for industrial reuse.This review summarizes the current progress,emerging strategies,and future prospects of phytoremediation for mitigating toxic metal pollution in coal mining-affected soils.Altogether,these approaches illustrate the potential of integrating circular bioeconomy principles in transforming phytoremediation as a sustainable strategy for mitigating toxic metal pollution in coal mining regions.
基金the National Research Foundation of South Africa(No.PMDS230608115010)the University of Fort Hare Postgraduate Office for their financial support awarded to Vuyo Qasha。
文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC)depletion caused by changes in land use is one of the main causes of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))levels.As such,pedometric approaches are essential for understanding SOC dynamics in forest restoration,which is crucial for mitigating climate change and sustaining ecosystem services.This review summarizes methodologies and advancements in pedometric approaches,focusing on their application in predicting SOC changes across various environments.It highlights the integration of pedometric methods involving spatiotemporal and vertical modeling tools,such as spatially explicit models and geospatial models,to improve soil carbon(C)stock estimates.These methods utilize advanced statistical techniques and remote sensing technologies to model soil properties and predict soil C dynamics across different spatiotemporal scales.The Century model,noted for its effectiveness in simulating long-term SOC drivers under various restoration scenarios,provides critical insights into sustainable forest management.This review evaluates potential solutions for understanding how C evolves over time and under different forest management practices,including afforestation and selective logging.In addition,the review identifies knowledge gaps,such as the need for improved models to predict soil C stocks under diverse environmental conditions accurately.Addressing these gaps through enhanced pedometric models and evaluation efforts is crucial for informing effective soil management strategies and supporting global climate change mitigation initiatives through forest restoration.Integrating pedometric approaches with spatial modeling tools provides a robust framework for guiding forest restoration decision-making and enhancing ecosystem resilience against climate change.
基金funded by the Integrated Demonstration of Scalable and Efficient Healthy Breeding for Cattle and Sheep(Grant No.2022YFD1301100)Instant Intelligent Diagnosis and Risk Warning Methods for Nutritional and Metabolic-Type Periparturient Cow Paralysis(Grant No.2024-YWF-ZYSQ-10)。
文摘Background Methane(CH_(4))emissions from ruminants significantly contribute to greenhouse gas effects and energy loss in livestock production.Methyl-coenzyme M reductase(MCR)is the key enzyme in methanogenesis,making it a promising target for CH_(4) mitigation.This study aimed to identify and validate plant-derived inhibitors by using molecular docking to screen compounds with strong binding affinity to the F430 active site of MCR and assessing their efficacy in reducing CH_(4) emissions.Results Molecular docking analysis identified salvianolic acid C(SAC)as a potent inhibitor of MCR,showing a strong binding affinity to the F430 active site(binding energy:-8.2 kcal/mol).Enzymatic inhibition assays confirmed its inhibitory effect,with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of 692.3μmol/L.In vitro rumen fermentation experiments demonstrated that SAC supplementation(1.5 mg/g DM)significantly reduced CH_(4)production(P<0.01)without negatively affecting major fermentation parameters.Microbial community analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics revealed that SAC selectively altered the rumen microbiota,increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidota while significantly reducing Methanobrevibacter(P=0.04).Moreover,metagenomic analysis showed the downregulation of key methanogenesis-related genes(mcrA and rnfC),suggesting a dual mechanism involving direct enzymatic inhibition and microbial community modulation.Conclusions These findings indicate that SAC effectively reduces CH_(4)production by inhibiting MCR activity and reshaping the rumen microbial community.As a plant-derived compound with strong inhibitory effects on methanogenesis,SAC presents a promising and sustainable alternative to synthetic CH_(4) inhibitors,offering potential applications for mitigating CH_(4)emissions in livestock production.
基金funded by the Institute of Smart Energy,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,under Grant No.HIT-ISE-2024-07.
文摘In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer(IDBO)with VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD).The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations.This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition(VMD)algorithm,and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO selfoptimization of key parameters K and a.On this basis,Fourier transform technology is used to define the boundary point between high frequency and low frequency signals,and a targeted energy distribution strategy is proposed:high frequency fluctuations are allocated to supercapacitors to quickly respond to transient power fluctuations;Lowfrequency components are distributed to lead-carbon batteries,optimizing long-term energy storage and scheduling efficiency.This strategy effectively improves the response speed and stability of the energy storage system.The experimental results demonstrate that the IDBO-VMD algorithm markedly outperforms traditional methods in both decomposition accuracy and computational efficiency.Specifically,it effectively reduces the charge–discharge frequency of the battery,prolongs battery life,and optimizes the operating ranges of the state-of-charge(SOC)for both leadcarbon batteries and supercapacitors.In addition,the energy management strategy based on the algorithm not only improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system,but also shows excellent performance in the dynamic management and intelligent scheduling of renewable energy generation.
文摘Urban Heat Islands(UHI)are a significant environmental challenge in rapidly urbanizing cities,exacerbated by climate change and urbanization.The UHI effect causes the high temperatures of urban regions,causing high energy consumption,health hazards,and degradation of the environment.Remote sensing technology has found it invaluable to monitor and control UHI because it has been used to give spatially continuous data of land surface temperatures,vegetation,and urban morphology.This review paper summarizes the recent innovations in remote sensing techniques of UHI monitoring,empirical evidence of the UHI trends in various climates,and mitigation and adaptation strategies based on remote sensing.Also,it determines the gaps in the existing research,namely the data integration,mixed-pixel issues,and the socio-political barriers,and points out the emerging technologies that suggest potential solutions.The article ends by suggesting an all-encompassing model of urban heat resilience comprising remote sensing,urban planning,and fair policy formulation in tackling the increasing UHI issues amid global warming.
基金jointly funded by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2568210)the Interdisciplinary Research Program of Shihezi University(Grant No.JCYJ202317)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12362035)。
文摘Scientific analysis of aeolian sand environments is fundamental for sustainable disaster mitigation along desert highways.However,significant regional variability in wind energy conditions complicates accurate characterization of wind regimes and introduces uncertainty in determining optimal monitoring timescales.Moreover,prevailing sand control measures often rely on standardized designs rather than site-specific adaptive strategies.To address these issues,this study proposes an integrated framework for aeolian environment analysis and develops targeted disaster mitigation strategies tailored for desert highways.The proposed framework employs wavelet transform to unravel the periodic characteristics of wind speed time series and integrates multi-source data(including ERA5 wind datasets,sand samples,ASTER GDEM,and multi-temporal remote sensing imagery)to enable a comprehensive aeolian environmental assessment.Concurrently,a suite of adaptive strategies is formulated to mitigate disaster risks along desert highways.Validated through a case study of the Tumushuk-Kunyu Desert Highway in Xinjiang,China,the framework exhibits high accuracy:predictions of annual aeolian sand transport activity show relative errors mostly below 7%against long-term reference sequences,and the calculated resultant drift direction exhibits a strong correlation with observed dune migration,yielding an R-squared value of 0.96.These findings confirm the framework’s reliability and provide a robust basis for designing adaptive,location-specific mitigation strategies,thereby enhancing the sustainability of desert highway infrastructure.
文摘The problem of fake news detection(FND)is becoming increasingly important in the field of natural language processing(NLP)because of the rapid dissemination of misleading information on the web.Large language models(LLMs)such as GPT-4.Zero excels in natural language understanding tasks but can still struggle to distinguish between fact and fiction,particularly when applied in the wild.However,a key challenge of existing FND methods is that they only consider unimodal data(e.g.,images),while more detailed multimodal data(e.g.,user behaviour,temporal dynamics)is neglected,and the latter is crucial for full-context understanding.To overcome these limitations,we introduce M3-FND(Multimodal Misinformation Mitigation for False News Detection),a novel methodological framework that integrates LLMs with multimodal data sources to perform context-aware veracity assessments.Our method proposes a hybrid system that combines image-text alignment,user credibility profiling,and temporal pattern recognition,which is also strengthened through a natural feedback loop that provides real-time feedback for correcting downstream errors.We use contextual reinforcement learning to schedule prompt updating and update the classifier threshold based on the latest multimodal input,which enables the model to better adapt to changing misinformation attack strategies.M3-FND is tested on three diverse datasets,FakeNewsNet,Twitter15,andWeibo,which contain both text and visual socialmedia content.Experiments showthatM3-FND significantly outperforms conventional and LLMbased baselines in terms of accuracy,F1-score,and AUC on all benchmarks.Our results indicate the importance of employing multimodal cues and adaptive learning for effective and timely detection of fake news.
基金University Grants Commission,New Delhi,India(No.220520018204)for completion of this work。
文摘With rising anthropogenic activities,the contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals has become a pressing global concern,posing significant threats to plant growth,soil health,and human safety.Biochar,derived from pyrolysis of organic wastes,has emerged as a promising,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly solution for mitigating heavy metal toxicity in soil.This review explores the multifunctional properties of biochar that make it an effective adsorbent for heavy metals,highlighting the pivotal role of pyrolysis temperature in determining its physiochemical and structural properties.Higher pyrolytic temperatures enhance biochar's specific surface area,microporosity,p H,and stability,contributing to its increased efficiency in adsorbing heavy metals such as chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)),cadmium(Cd(Ⅱ)),and zinc(Zn(Ⅱ)).The mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization by biochar are influenced by the variations in biomass feedstock,pyrolysis conditions,and functional group modifications.This review also delves into the molecular mechanisms by which biochar regulates stress responses in plants,including the expression of key genes like Os FSD1,Os CAT,Os SOD,and Bn IRT1,which mitigate oxidative stress induced by heavy metals.Thus,by improving soil properties and promoting plant resilience,biochar stands as a versatile soil amendment with vast potential for environmental bioremediation.
基金National Key Project of Research and Development Program of China[2021YFC2500404].
文摘Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a major global healthchallenge, ranking as the sixth most common andthird most fatal malignancy worldwide, according toGLOBOCAN 2022 estimates[1]. This high mortalityrate underscores the aggressive nature of thedisease and the significant burden it places on globalhealthcare systems. Although primary preventionremains the cornerstone of liver cancer control,improving outcomes for patients already diagnosedis equally critical for mitigating the impact of thedisease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52371131)the 10th Youth Talent Lifting Project of the China Association for Science and Technology.
文摘Rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur(M-S)batteries,including Li/Na/K-S chemistries,have the potential to utilize abundant and low-cost sulfur cathodes yet offer high theoretical energy densities.However,their practical electrochemical performance is fundamentally limited by the polysulfide shuttle effect.This challenge is particularly exacerbated in Na-S and K-S systems owing to larger metal-ion radii,weaker solvation energies,slower redox kinetics,and greater electrolyte-electrode incompatibilities compared to Li-S batteries.This review presents a comparative analysis of interface engineering strategies designed to suppress the shuttle effect across these three systems.Following a summary of sulfur cathode properties and reaction mechanisms,we systematically examine the origins of polysulfide shuttling.Our analysis progresses from functional separator design and interlayer enhancements to the implementation of solid-state electrolytes for root-cause inhibition.By evaluating interface engineering research specific to Na-S and K-S batteries,we elucidate both shared principles and unique challenges inherent to alkali M-S systems.Finally,we propose multifaceted solutions to achieve shuttlefree operation and enhance overall battery performance,thereby establishing a foundation for future advancements.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(52394202,52021004,52301232,and 52476056)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Province(2024NSCQ-MSX1109).
文摘The scaling-up of electrochemical CO_(2)reduction requires circumventing the CO_(2)loss as carbonates under alkaline conditions.Zero-gap MEA cell configurations with a proton exchange membrane represent an alternative solution in a pure acidic system,but the catalyst layer in direct contact with the hydrated proton environment usually leads to H_(2)evolution dominating.Herein,we show that polydimethyldiallyl-ammonium-chloride-coated Ag(Ag@PDDA)electrode exhibits outstanding performance with a FE of 86%,a single-pass conversion of 72%,and a stability of 28 h for CO production in pure-acid MEA compared with ammonium poly(N-methyl-piperidine-co-pterphenyl)decorated Ag(Ag/QAPPT)and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide decorated Ag(Ag/CTAB).The in situ ATR-SEIRAS reveal that PDDA creates a positive charge-rich protective outer layer and an N-rich hybrid inner layer,which not only suppresses the migration of H+during the electrolysis process and blocks the direct contact between H2O and Ag catalyst,but also promotes the generation from CO_(2)to*COOH in a pure-acid system.This work highlights the importance of polyelectrolyte engineering in regulating the electrocatalytic interface and accelerates the development of proton exchange membrane CO_(2)electrolysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62362019)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(Grant No.624RC482)the Hainan Provincial Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project(Grant Hnjg2024-27).
文摘In erasure-coded storage systems,updating data requires parity maintenance,which often leads to significant I/O amplification due to“write-after-read”operations.Furthermore,scattered parity placement increases disk seek overhead during repair,resulting in degraded system performance.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a Cognitive Update and Repair Method(CURM)that leverages machine learning to classify files into writeonly,read-only,and read-write categories,enabling tailored update and repair strategies.For write-only and read-write files,CURM employs a data-differencemechanism combined with fine-grained I/O scheduling to minimize redundant read operations and mitigate I/O amplification.For read-write files,CURM further reserves adjacent disk space near parity blocks,supporting parallel reads and reducing disk seek overhead during repair.We implement CURM in a prototype system,Cognitive Update and Repair File System(CURFS),and conduct extensive experiments using realworld Network File System(NFS)and Microsoft Research(MSR)workloads on a 25-node cluster.Experimental results demonstrate that CURMimproves data update throughput by up to 82.52%,reduces recovery time by up to 47.47%,and decreases long-term storage overhead by more than 15% compared to state-of-the-art methods including Full Logging(FL),ParityLogging(PL),ParityLoggingwithReservedspace(PLR),andPARIX.These results validate the effectiveness of CURM in enhancing both update and repair performance,providing a scalable and efficient solution for large-scale erasure-coded storage systems.
文摘On July 2^(nd),2025,32 scientists representing 15 countries gathered at Tartu,Estonia to make on-site endorsements for the Global ONCE(Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions)Program at the 12th INTECOL Wetlands Conference.This marks a significant milestone for ONCE in establishing a systematic framework for coastal wetland carbon sequestration research and global collaboration(Figs.1,2).Coastal wetlands are critical transition zones linking terrestrial and marine ecosystems,yet they face severe degradation from anthropogenic land-based activities and sea level rise that propagate impacts to the ocean.As a UN Ocean Decade Program,the Global ONCE Program champions interdisciplinary and cross-regional collaboration to enhance carbon sequestration in the ocean and coastal wetlands through science and innovation.Aligned with the Tartu Declaration on Wetlands that includes resolutions to promote the rights of global wetlands(especially peatlands)and advance the discipline of wetland science based on facts,this initiative addresses key knowledge gaps in land-ocean interactions.The goal is to harness the full potential of coastal wetlands and ocean systems for climate mitigation,thereby laying a scientific foundation for international policy formulation and implementation.
