Cohesive devices in students’business English writing are regarded as the object of the research.Based on Haliday and Hasan’s cohesion theory,this paper introduces commonly-used cohesive devices in English writing.W...Cohesive devices in students’business English writing are regarded as the object of the research.Based on Haliday and Hasan’s cohesion theory,this paper introduces commonly-used cohesive devices in English writing.With the method of quantitative data,use and misuse frequency of cohesive devices in students’writings can be known.The paper will also analyze why misuses happen through qualitative data analysis and explore right ways of using cohesive devices.展开更多
Android applications are associated with a large amount of sensitive data,therefore application developers use encryption algorithms to provide user data encryption,authentication and data integrity protection.However...Android applications are associated with a large amount of sensitive data,therefore application developers use encryption algorithms to provide user data encryption,authentication and data integrity protection.However,application developers do not have the knowledge of cryptography,thus the cryptographic algorithm may not be used correctly.As a result,security vulnerabilities are generated.Based on the previous studies,this paper summarizes the characteristics of password misuse vulnerability of Android application software,establishes an evaluation model to rate the security level of the risk of password misuse vulnerability and develops a repair strategy for password misuse vulnerability.And on this basis,this paper designs and implements a secure container for Android application software password misuse vulnerability:CM-Droid.展开更多
1.Biochemical structure and molecular activity of meldonium Meldonium(commercial name Mildronate)was originally synthesized in the mid-1970s at the Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republ...1.Biochemical structure and molecular activity of meldonium Meldonium(commercial name Mildronate)was originally synthesized in the mid-1970s at the Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic Academy of Sciences.The chemical structure of this compound(3-(2,2,2-展开更多
Significant concerns over the health,social and economic burdens of the two most common,and frequently co-misused drugs of abuse,alcohol and tobacco,has encouraged focused but separate health promotion and disease pre...Significant concerns over the health,social and economic burdens of the two most common,and frequently co-misused drugs of abuse,alcohol and tobacco,has encouraged focused but separate health promotion and disease prevention policies.However,this separation of focus means that while individuals who present with alcohol-related problems are increasingly supported to attain and maintain abstinence from alcohol they are not routinely assisted to refrain from smoking.This is tragically inopportune as alcohol and tobacco have an established"synergistic"effect on aerodigestive cancer risk.Moreover,even when patients successfully tackle their alcohol problems they remain at increased risk for developing these cancers,especially if they continue to smoke.A case series is presented together with a discussion on how service provision for co-misuse could be improved to obviate aerodigestive cancer risk.Given the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use in the United Kingdom,these observations may have far reaching implications for the individual,health provider(s)and wider society.展开更多
A software security testing behavior model,SETAM,was proposed in our previous work as the integrated model for describing software security testing requirements behavior,which is not only compatible with security func...A software security testing behavior model,SETAM,was proposed in our previous work as the integrated model for describing software security testing requirements behavior,which is not only compatible with security functions and latent typical misuse behaviors,but also with the interaction of them.In this paper,we analyze the differences between SETAM with security use case and security misuse case in different types of security test requirements.To illustrate the effectiveness of SETAM,we compare them in a practical case study by the number of test cases and the number of faults detected by them.The results show that SETAM could decrease about 34.87%use cases on average,and the number of faults detected by SETAM increased by 71.67%in average,which means that our model can detect more faults with fewer test cases for software security testing.展开更多
Objectives: This paper deals with the methylphenidate (MPH) misuse by adults in Germany. Results of a survey among primary care physicians/internists have been supplemented by a comparison with the literature. Methods...Objectives: This paper deals with the methylphenidate (MPH) misuse by adults in Germany. Results of a survey among primary care physicians/internists have been supplemented by a comparison with the literature. Methods: In the period from October 5-20, 2015, a survey was sent to 414 primary care physicians/internists in four German cities (n = 10 were undeliverable). The response rate was 58% (n = 235). 34 original works on MPH abuse worldwide were found in the literature and are used in the analysis of the present data situation. The literature published before November 9, 2015 is considered in this paper. Results: 14% of the doctors who took part in the survey said that they had been asked for MPH prescriptions without any medical indication. The most frequent reason given for the request (42%) was adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) not verified by documents. According to the comparison with the literature, university students had a lifetime prevalence of MPH misuse ranging from 0.8% to 16.6% and school children had a misuse rate of 4.0%. In the civilian US population, the misuse rate was 4.2%. Among patients in possession of a current MPH prescription due to a diagnosis, the lifetime prevalence was 29% and among adolescents with suspected alcohol and/or drug problems 20%. Conclusions: MPH misuse is a major problem which has not been studied sufficiently. MPH misuse not only plays a role in the field of psychiatry, but also in other disciplines. Misuse particularly following a therapeutic prescription should be taken into account.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) may be exposed to opioids over their disease duration. The use of such medications carries significant risk, including intestinal dysmotility and potential for addiction...BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) may be exposed to opioids over their disease duration. The use of such medications carries significant risk, including intestinal dysmotility and potential for addiction. However, the rates of narcotic use and misuse in patients with UC have not been studied extensively. Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGID) are prevalent in patients with UC, and have been shown to increase the risk of narcotic use and misuse in patients with Crohn's disease. We hypothesized that patients with UC and a concurrent diagnosis of FGID would have increased rates of both opioid use and misuse in our patient cohort.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of chronic opioid use and misuse in UC.METHODS A retrospective chart review of UC patients seen at the University of Virginia Digestive Health Center was performed on all patients evaluated between 2006 and 2011. Patient demographics, medical, surgical, and medication histories were obtained from the electronic medical record. Concomitant diagnosis of FGID was also noted at the time. The electronic prescription monitoring program was accessed to obtain prescription opioid filling histories. Prescription opioid misuse was defined as opioid prescriptions filled from four or more prescribers and four or more different pharmacies in a 12-mo period.RESULTS A total of 497 patients with UC were included. Patients with UC and FGID were more likely to be female, but no other demographic variables were associated with FGID. Of the UC patients who had FGID, a greater proportion were found to be using opioids chronically(36% with FGID vs 9% without FGID, P < 0.0001)and were misusing prescription opioids(12.8% vs 1.3%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a significant association with FGID and chronic opioid use(OR = 4.50; 95%CI: 1.91-10.59) and opioid misuse(OR = 5.19; 95%CI1.04-25.76). Tobacco use(OR 2.53; 95%CI: 1.06-6.08) and anxiety(OR 3.17; 95%CI:1.08-9.26) were other variables associated with an increased risk of chronic narcotic use.CONCLUSION FGID was associated with a 4.5-fold increase in chronic opioid use and a 5-fold increased risk of opioid misuse in this patient cohort with UC.展开更多
The incidence of prescription opioid misuse in Canada is increasing. Initiatives for safe prescribing practices for opioid medications include risk assessment for current and future opioid misuse. A clinical screening...The incidence of prescription opioid misuse in Canada is increasing. Initiatives for safe prescribing practices for opioid medications include risk assessment for current and future opioid misuse. A clinical screening tool that can be universally applied to all patient populations is currently not available. Our objective was to provide a brief narrative review on opioid misuse from a Canadian perspective as well as a critical appraisal of the available clinical screening tools for detecting aberrant behaviors associated with opioid misuse. The Drug Abuse Screening Test, Addiction Behaviors Checklist, Diagnosis, Intractability, Risk and Efficacy Inventory, Pain Assessment and Documentation Tool, Prescription Drug Use Questionnaire, Prescription Opioid therapy Questionnaire, Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain(SOAPP), Revised SOAPP, Pain Medication Questionnaire, Opioid Risk Tool and Current Opioid Misuse Measure were included in the following review. Overall, a wide variability in quality, sensitivity and specificity was observed between screening tools. There is an overall lack of applicability to diverse patient populations as the majority of screening tools have been validated in pain clinic populations only. To conclude, there is a great need for a validated and convenient aberrant behaviors risk assessment tool that can be applied to a diverse patient population in a clinical setting.展开更多
We investigate security at the same time as the functional requirements by refining and integrating use, misuse, and mitigation use cases. Security requirements rely on the interactions among normal system execution (...We investigate security at the same time as the functional requirements by refining and integrating use, misuse, and mitigation use cases. Security requirements rely on the interactions among normal system execution (use cases), attacks (misuse cases), and necessary security strategies (mitigation use cases), but previous approaches only use a high-level of abstraction. We use refinement to uncover details of each case and the relationships among them before integrating them. We identify and model “includes” and “extends” relationships within each refined case type, and use a condition-driven process that maintains these relationships as refinement continues. We then systematically identify and model “threatens” and “mitigates” relationships to integrate the cases at a detailed level.展开更多
The acquisition and usage of definite article THE has always gained attention from scholars from domestic and overseas due to its difficulty of learning and mastering. As a result, the relative study of definite artic...The acquisition and usage of definite article THE has always gained attention from scholars from domestic and overseas due to its difficulty of learning and mastering. As a result, the relative study of definite article THE acquisition has been one of the the most significant tasks of second language acquisition all the time. For English majors, the acquisition of definite articles THE runs through the whole process of language learning and application. Learner＇ s version of foreign language, known as interlanguage, is a kind of language that exists between the mother tongue （Chinese） and the target language （English）. Interlanguage is a systematic unit which changes and develops constantly. Since definite article THE has rather complex and frequently altered usage, it is inevitable that there are a throng of misuse and problems for English majors when they are using definite article THE. This paper intends to do a survey focusing on English majors＇ application situation of definite article THE. Through analyzing the common misuse and mistakes appeared when English majors are using definite article THE, this paper aims to summerize the FAQ （frequently asked questions） and causes of those misuses. At the same time, the 100 experimental subjects of this survey are equally and randomly chosen from freshmen and third year students of foreign languages college, OUC （Ocean University of China）. By comparing the experimental results of two different grade English major students, this paper aims to demonstrate the influence of different grades on the mastering of definite articles THE of English majors.展开更多
In the course of college English teaching, English teachers may find some errors made by the non-English majors. Errors made when they are using English verbs are analyzed from the aspect of the similarities and diffe...In the course of college English teaching, English teachers may find some errors made by the non-English majors. Errors made when they are using English verbs are analyzed from the aspect of the similarities and differences between English verbs and Chinese verbs in this thesis. We can conclude that the most obvious cause of the misuse seems to be the interference of the first language （L1）, that is, interlingual errors affect the English output of Chinese students. At last, the author calls for more input of the difference between L1 and L2 in L2 teaching and acquisition so that the same mistakes can be avoided.展开更多
The term“porphyry”has a specific geological meaning but has been used freely by sculptors and art historians to name many types of stone that are not,geologically,porphyries.“Porphyries”have been associated with n...The term“porphyry”has a specific geological meaning but has been used freely by sculptors and art historians to name many types of stone that are not,geologically,porphyries.“Porphyries”have been associated with nobility and Imperial Monuments since Roman times.This paper discusses some examples from Karelia in Russia and from Sweden used in St Petersberg and the use of Russian Shoksha“porphyry”in Paris,France.It highlights several types of stone that have been referred to as porphyries but are not.The Shoksha stone has been of architectural and artistic importance both nationally and internationally for some 300 years.This might qualify it as a candidate for Global Heritage Stone Resource status.展开更多
Based on the teaching video of middle school English teachers, through observation and analysis, it puts forward the problem of less use, wrong use and abuse in the use of teachers' teaching gestures in middle sch...Based on the teaching video of middle school English teachers, through observation and analysis, it puts forward the problem of less use, wrong use and abuse in the use of teachers' teaching gestures in middle school English teaching. And then it puts forward corresponding solutions from three aspects: concept, theory and practice. Hoping to provide further reference to the complementary role of teaching gesture and teaching discourse.展开更多
The core issue concerning the usage of tense and aspect is seen as significantly important(Michaelis,1994;Swales and Feak,2000),especially in English writing in college.This study identifies the erroneous use of tense...The core issue concerning the usage of tense and aspect is seen as significantly important(Michaelis,1994;Swales and Feak,2000),especially in English writing in college.This study identifies the erroneous use of tense and aspect in liberal arts students' writing in comparison with that of engineering students' to examine their application ability in writing and identify areas of English learning in need of intensive instruction.This paper displays the frequency rates of errors about two English tenses(the present and the past),two aspects(the progressive and the perfect)based on an online writing corpus of students in two majors,which leads to the result that students in both majors are more likely to make mistakes in the present time and perfect aspect,liberal arts students less influenced.In addition,engineering students writing score seems to be more related to their grammatical errors than that of liberal arts students.To improve their writings,practical teaching strategies such as being aware of cross-lingual influence,practicing grammar on context level,personalized instructions,are also provided.展开更多
Hepatitis C virus （HCV） is a blood-borne infection that can lead to progressive liver fail- ure, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. A deterministic mathematical model for assessing the impact of daily in...Hepatitis C virus （HCV） is a blood-borne infection that can lead to progressive liver fail- ure, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. A deterministic mathematical model for assessing the impact of daily intravenous drug misuse on the transmission dynamics of HCV is presented and analyzed. A threshold quantity known as the reproductive number has been computed. Stability of the steady states has been investigated. The dynamical analysis reveals that the model has globally asymptotically stable steady states. The impact of daily intravenous drug misuse on the transmission dynamics of HCV has been discussed through the basic reproductive number and numerical simulations.展开更多
In the 21st century world,people mostly behave with business mentality without considering moral obligations in society.In this behavioral change,the service market,particularly the medical care service market,has app...In the 21st century world,people mostly behave with business mentality without considering moral obligations in society.In this behavioral change,the service market,particularly the medical care service market,has appeared to be vulnerable.Because of supplying medical care services,the doctor or hospital receives capitation payments,fees-for-services,risk pool settlements,incentive payments or other fees.However,today it is probably the most criticized profession in world economy country-wise such as Bangladesh.Sometimes doctors here are blamed for requiring unnecessary tests of patients for doctors’own monetary gains.In some cases,doctors’efforts are assumed to relate to pharmaceutical products promotion by writing lengthy prescriptions.Some groups claim that today doctors spend less time on each patient.All these interactions justify claiming that a patient works for a doctor when the patient visits a doctor for medical care services.Here the existence of“asymmetric information”dominates the medical care market where doctor takes advantages in multiple facets.It causes market inefficiency that creates negative economic externalities-deadweight loss.Improving medical education with special emphasis on ethical aspects and soft skills in communication is considered important in order to reduce the magnitudes of today’s dilemma in the medical care service market.Also,strict enforcements of medical care provisions and ethical code of conduct among all health works can be instrumental.Finally,the answer to the question“Are medical care services becoming money-making machines under physicians’headship in the 21st century business-driven world?”depends on who are asked.But the reflections of today’s medical care market in economy of Bangladesh are no deniable,which deserves to be studied further curtailing the magnitudes of the problem.展开更多
The recently developed RNA-guided clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat （CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated 9 （Cas9） nuclease system has progressed to be an invaluable technology for genome manipulation ...The recently developed RNA-guided clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat （CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated 9 （Cas9） nuclease system has progressed to be an invaluable technology for genome manipulation in somatic cell types and germline model organisms. While the unprecedented advance in human embryo gene editing research has great potential in next-generation therapeutics, it raises various ethical concerns that need to be addressed before being translated for clinical use. Here, we discuss the current and potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its limitations in clinical applications, as well as ethical and legal considerations in the treatment, disease prevention or disability in somatic cells or human embryo via gene editing.展开更多
In recent years,following the development of space commutation,space information has become a critical part in space information network and will play a very significant role in winning future information war.A space ...In recent years,following the development of space commutation,space information has become a critical part in space information network and will play a very significant role in winning future information war.A space information network with characteristics such as complex structure,special communication requirement,long delay,dependence on remote maintenance,and fragile ecological environment contains enormous security risks.Therefore,ensuring space information network safety is important.Intrusion-detection model as an important part of a network security system becomes a hot issue in space network security.We propose an intrusion-detection method that integrates anomaly with misuse,which supports automatic updates from a remote ground,and design a distributed intrusion-detection model of space information network.展开更多
【选注者言:Viagra(注:香港人将它译成“伟哥”)是美国辉瑞制药公司制造的一种治疗阳痿的新药。5年前,美国科研人员在研制治疗心绞痛的新药“伟哥”时,意外发现它有壮阳的功效。1997年3月,“伟哥”获美国食品与药品管理局批准生产上市,...【选注者言:Viagra(注:香港人将它译成“伟哥”)是美国辉瑞制药公司制造的一种治疗阳痿的新药。5年前,美国科研人员在研制治疗心绞痛的新药“伟哥”时,意外发现它有壮阳的功效。1997年3月,“伟哥”获美国食品与药品管理局批准生产上市,现已成为美国治疗阳痿的首选药物,并向一些国家出口。但是目前在美国,患者必须到医院看病,并在医生的指导下才能用药。辉瑞制药公司也证实,在医生开出600万张处方后,在美国服用“伟哥”的患者已有130人死亡,其中大多数是死于心力衰竭。 本文向我们提供了这样一个可怕的事实:But the recreational use of Viagra in discos and nightclubs(舞厅和夜总会)among potent(有性交能力的)men has sparked concern among doctors.换言之,某些人并不是阳痿患者却将“伟哥”当作增强性生活快感的“兴奋剂”来使用。其中的形容词recreational就说明了这个意思。 我是一个泌尿科的医生,在网上读到此文,觉得很有必要将它介绍给广大读者。因为,在我接触的患者中,已有误服“伟哥”而出现严重副作用的患者。有些人从境外得到此药,出于好奇和无知,不适当地服用,危害极大! 特别是那些患有心力衰竭、中风、心律不齐、不定期心绞痛、冠心病以及有心脏病病史者要严格控制使用。高血压、低血压?展开更多
Background: The use of drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used or in excess amounts. Psychoactive drugs are some of the drugs more commonly abused, also, antibiotics and other medicatio...Background: The use of drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used or in excess amounts. Psychoactive drugs are some of the drugs more commonly abused, also, antibiotics and other medications too can be misused. Drug abuse and misuse can lead to serious social, medical and emotional harm to the patients, and antibiotic resistance that makes treatment harder are also likely complications. Method: Patients in both male and female wards of the Orthoepaedics Department of ATBUTH, Bauchi were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and their responses were recorded and data were analyzed using the SPSS version 29. Results: A total of 112 patients were interviewed, 76 males and 36 females. Thirty-two (28.6%) patients had taken various kinds of unprescribed medications while on admission: 9 patients had taken unprescribed tramadol, 4 patients had taken codeine, 6 Ampiclox, 5 flagyl and about 8 patients had taken different kinds of traditional medications while on admission. Among the 32 patients, 23 (72%) are aged less than 30 years, 5 (16%) are aged between 30 and 50 years and 4 (12%) are aged above 50 years. Sixteen (50%) had such medications brought to them by relatives or friends, 10 (30%) were given by other patients on admission, 5 (15%) brought or bought the drugs by themselves while 1 (5%) were given by a non-clinical staff of the hospital. Conclusion: Drug misuse and abuse is a very serious, deleterious practice with destructive consequences in its wake, such consequences as drug dependency with all its antecedent effects, antibiotic resistance and difficulties in controlling/managing infections are but a few. So, it’s very important to both educate patients about these terrible practices and cope with the spread of them in our wards and hospitals.展开更多
文摘Cohesive devices in students’business English writing are regarded as the object of the research.Based on Haliday and Hasan’s cohesion theory,this paper introduces commonly-used cohesive devices in English writing.With the method of quantitative data,use and misuse frequency of cohesive devices in students’writings can be known.The paper will also analyze why misuses happen through qualitative data analysis and explore right ways of using cohesive devices.
基金This work is supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U1536121,61370195).
文摘Android applications are associated with a large amount of sensitive data,therefore application developers use encryption algorithms to provide user data encryption,authentication and data integrity protection.However,application developers do not have the knowledge of cryptography,thus the cryptographic algorithm may not be used correctly.As a result,security vulnerabilities are generated.Based on the previous studies,this paper summarizes the characteristics of password misuse vulnerability of Android application software,establishes an evaluation model to rate the security level of the risk of password misuse vulnerability and develops a repair strategy for password misuse vulnerability.And on this basis,this paper designs and implements a secure container for Android application software password misuse vulnerability:CM-Droid.
文摘1.Biochemical structure and molecular activity of meldonium Meldonium(commercial name Mildronate)was originally synthesized in the mid-1970s at the Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic Academy of Sciences.The chemical structure of this compound(3-(2,2,2-
文摘Significant concerns over the health,social and economic burdens of the two most common,and frequently co-misused drugs of abuse,alcohol and tobacco,has encouraged focused but separate health promotion and disease prevention policies.However,this separation of focus means that while individuals who present with alcohol-related problems are increasingly supported to attain and maintain abstinence from alcohol they are not routinely assisted to refrain from smoking.This is tragically inopportune as alcohol and tobacco have an established"synergistic"effect on aerodigestive cancer risk.Moreover,even when patients successfully tackle their alcohol problems they remain at increased risk for developing these cancers,especially if they continue to smoke.A case series is presented together with a discussion on how service provision for co-misuse could be improved to obviate aerodigestive cancer risk.Given the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use in the United Kingdom,these observations may have far reaching implications for the individual,health provider(s)and wider society.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2009AA01Z402)the PLA University of Science and Technology Pre-research Project(20110202,20110210)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK2012059,BK2012060)the PLAUST Outstanding Graduate Student Thesis Fund(2012)
文摘A software security testing behavior model,SETAM,was proposed in our previous work as the integrated model for describing software security testing requirements behavior,which is not only compatible with security functions and latent typical misuse behaviors,but also with the interaction of them.In this paper,we analyze the differences between SETAM with security use case and security misuse case in different types of security test requirements.To illustrate the effectiveness of SETAM,we compare them in a practical case study by the number of test cases and the number of faults detected by them.The results show that SETAM could decrease about 34.87%use cases on average,and the number of faults detected by SETAM increased by 71.67%in average,which means that our model can detect more faults with fewer test cases for software security testing.
文摘Objectives: This paper deals with the methylphenidate (MPH) misuse by adults in Germany. Results of a survey among primary care physicians/internists have been supplemented by a comparison with the literature. Methods: In the period from October 5-20, 2015, a survey was sent to 414 primary care physicians/internists in four German cities (n = 10 were undeliverable). The response rate was 58% (n = 235). 34 original works on MPH abuse worldwide were found in the literature and are used in the analysis of the present data situation. The literature published before November 9, 2015 is considered in this paper. Results: 14% of the doctors who took part in the survey said that they had been asked for MPH prescriptions without any medical indication. The most frequent reason given for the request (42%) was adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) not verified by documents. According to the comparison with the literature, university students had a lifetime prevalence of MPH misuse ranging from 0.8% to 16.6% and school children had a misuse rate of 4.0%. In the civilian US population, the misuse rate was 4.2%. Among patients in possession of a current MPH prescription due to a diagnosis, the lifetime prevalence was 29% and among adolescents with suspected alcohol and/or drug problems 20%. Conclusions: MPH misuse is a major problem which has not been studied sufficiently. MPH misuse not only plays a role in the field of psychiatry, but also in other disciplines. Misuse particularly following a therapeutic prescription should be taken into account.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) may be exposed to opioids over their disease duration. The use of such medications carries significant risk, including intestinal dysmotility and potential for addiction. However, the rates of narcotic use and misuse in patients with UC have not been studied extensively. Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGID) are prevalent in patients with UC, and have been shown to increase the risk of narcotic use and misuse in patients with Crohn's disease. We hypothesized that patients with UC and a concurrent diagnosis of FGID would have increased rates of both opioid use and misuse in our patient cohort.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of chronic opioid use and misuse in UC.METHODS A retrospective chart review of UC patients seen at the University of Virginia Digestive Health Center was performed on all patients evaluated between 2006 and 2011. Patient demographics, medical, surgical, and medication histories were obtained from the electronic medical record. Concomitant diagnosis of FGID was also noted at the time. The electronic prescription monitoring program was accessed to obtain prescription opioid filling histories. Prescription opioid misuse was defined as opioid prescriptions filled from four or more prescribers and four or more different pharmacies in a 12-mo period.RESULTS A total of 497 patients with UC were included. Patients with UC and FGID were more likely to be female, but no other demographic variables were associated with FGID. Of the UC patients who had FGID, a greater proportion were found to be using opioids chronically(36% with FGID vs 9% without FGID, P < 0.0001)and were misusing prescription opioids(12.8% vs 1.3%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a significant association with FGID and chronic opioid use(OR = 4.50; 95%CI: 1.91-10.59) and opioid misuse(OR = 5.19; 95%CI1.04-25.76). Tobacco use(OR 2.53; 95%CI: 1.06-6.08) and anxiety(OR 3.17; 95%CI:1.08-9.26) were other variables associated with an increased risk of chronic narcotic use.CONCLUSION FGID was associated with a 4.5-fold increase in chronic opioid use and a 5-fold increased risk of opioid misuse in this patient cohort with UC.
文摘The incidence of prescription opioid misuse in Canada is increasing. Initiatives for safe prescribing practices for opioid medications include risk assessment for current and future opioid misuse. A clinical screening tool that can be universally applied to all patient populations is currently not available. Our objective was to provide a brief narrative review on opioid misuse from a Canadian perspective as well as a critical appraisal of the available clinical screening tools for detecting aberrant behaviors associated with opioid misuse. The Drug Abuse Screening Test, Addiction Behaviors Checklist, Diagnosis, Intractability, Risk and Efficacy Inventory, Pain Assessment and Documentation Tool, Prescription Drug Use Questionnaire, Prescription Opioid therapy Questionnaire, Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain(SOAPP), Revised SOAPP, Pain Medication Questionnaire, Opioid Risk Tool and Current Opioid Misuse Measure were included in the following review. Overall, a wide variability in quality, sensitivity and specificity was observed between screening tools. There is an overall lack of applicability to diverse patient populations as the majority of screening tools have been validated in pain clinic populations only. To conclude, there is a great need for a validated and convenient aberrant behaviors risk assessment tool that can be applied to a diverse patient population in a clinical setting.
文摘We investigate security at the same time as the functional requirements by refining and integrating use, misuse, and mitigation use cases. Security requirements rely on the interactions among normal system execution (use cases), attacks (misuse cases), and necessary security strategies (mitigation use cases), but previous approaches only use a high-level of abstraction. We use refinement to uncover details of each case and the relationships among them before integrating them. We identify and model “includes” and “extends” relationships within each refined case type, and use a condition-driven process that maintains these relationships as refinement continues. We then systematically identify and model “threatens” and “mitigates” relationships to integrate the cases at a detailed level.
文摘The acquisition and usage of definite article THE has always gained attention from scholars from domestic and overseas due to its difficulty of learning and mastering. As a result, the relative study of definite article THE acquisition has been one of the the most significant tasks of second language acquisition all the time. For English majors, the acquisition of definite articles THE runs through the whole process of language learning and application. Learner＇ s version of foreign language, known as interlanguage, is a kind of language that exists between the mother tongue （Chinese） and the target language （English）. Interlanguage is a systematic unit which changes and develops constantly. Since definite article THE has rather complex and frequently altered usage, it is inevitable that there are a throng of misuse and problems for English majors when they are using definite article THE. This paper intends to do a survey focusing on English majors＇ application situation of definite article THE. Through analyzing the common misuse and mistakes appeared when English majors are using definite article THE, this paper aims to summerize the FAQ （frequently asked questions） and causes of those misuses. At the same time, the 100 experimental subjects of this survey are equally and randomly chosen from freshmen and third year students of foreign languages college, OUC （Ocean University of China）. By comparing the experimental results of two different grade English major students, this paper aims to demonstrate the influence of different grades on the mastering of definite articles THE of English majors.
文摘In the course of college English teaching, English teachers may find some errors made by the non-English majors. Errors made when they are using English verbs are analyzed from the aspect of the similarities and differences between English verbs and Chinese verbs in this thesis. We can conclude that the most obvious cause of the misuse seems to be the interference of the first language （L1）, that is, interlingual errors affect the English output of Chinese students. At last, the author calls for more input of the difference between L1 and L2 in L2 teaching and acquisition so that the same mistakes can be avoided.
文摘The term“porphyry”has a specific geological meaning but has been used freely by sculptors and art historians to name many types of stone that are not,geologically,porphyries.“Porphyries”have been associated with nobility and Imperial Monuments since Roman times.This paper discusses some examples from Karelia in Russia and from Sweden used in St Petersberg and the use of Russian Shoksha“porphyry”in Paris,France.It highlights several types of stone that have been referred to as porphyries but are not.The Shoksha stone has been of architectural and artistic importance both nationally and internationally for some 300 years.This might qualify it as a candidate for Global Heritage Stone Resource status.
文摘Based on the teaching video of middle school English teachers, through observation and analysis, it puts forward the problem of less use, wrong use and abuse in the use of teachers' teaching gestures in middle school English teaching. And then it puts forward corresponding solutions from three aspects: concept, theory and practice. Hoping to provide further reference to the complementary role of teaching gesture and teaching discourse.
文摘The core issue concerning the usage of tense and aspect is seen as significantly important(Michaelis,1994;Swales and Feak,2000),especially in English writing in college.This study identifies the erroneous use of tense and aspect in liberal arts students' writing in comparison with that of engineering students' to examine their application ability in writing and identify areas of English learning in need of intensive instruction.This paper displays the frequency rates of errors about two English tenses(the present and the past),two aspects(the progressive and the perfect)based on an online writing corpus of students in two majors,which leads to the result that students in both majors are more likely to make mistakes in the present time and perfect aspect,liberal arts students less influenced.In addition,engineering students writing score seems to be more related to their grammatical errors than that of liberal arts students.To improve their writings,practical teaching strategies such as being aware of cross-lingual influence,practicing grammar on context level,personalized instructions,are also provided.
文摘Hepatitis C virus （HCV） is a blood-borne infection that can lead to progressive liver fail- ure, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. A deterministic mathematical model for assessing the impact of daily intravenous drug misuse on the transmission dynamics of HCV is presented and analyzed. A threshold quantity known as the reproductive number has been computed. Stability of the steady states has been investigated. The dynamical analysis reveals that the model has globally asymptotically stable steady states. The impact of daily intravenous drug misuse on the transmission dynamics of HCV has been discussed through the basic reproductive number and numerical simulations.
文摘In the 21st century world,people mostly behave with business mentality without considering moral obligations in society.In this behavioral change,the service market,particularly the medical care service market,has appeared to be vulnerable.Because of supplying medical care services,the doctor or hospital receives capitation payments,fees-for-services,risk pool settlements,incentive payments or other fees.However,today it is probably the most criticized profession in world economy country-wise such as Bangladesh.Sometimes doctors here are blamed for requiring unnecessary tests of patients for doctors’own monetary gains.In some cases,doctors’efforts are assumed to relate to pharmaceutical products promotion by writing lengthy prescriptions.Some groups claim that today doctors spend less time on each patient.All these interactions justify claiming that a patient works for a doctor when the patient visits a doctor for medical care services.Here the existence of“asymmetric information”dominates the medical care market where doctor takes advantages in multiple facets.It causes market inefficiency that creates negative economic externalities-deadweight loss.Improving medical education with special emphasis on ethical aspects and soft skills in communication is considered important in order to reduce the magnitudes of today’s dilemma in the medical care service market.Also,strict enforcements of medical care provisions and ethical code of conduct among all health works can be instrumental.Finally,the answer to the question“Are medical care services becoming money-making machines under physicians’headship in the 21st century business-driven world?”depends on who are asked.But the reflections of today’s medical care market in economy of Bangladesh are no deniable,which deserves to be studied further curtailing the magnitudes of the problem.
文摘The recently developed RNA-guided clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat （CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated 9 （Cas9） nuclease system has progressed to be an invaluable technology for genome manipulation in somatic cell types and germline model organisms. While the unprecedented advance in human embryo gene editing research has great potential in next-generation therapeutics, it raises various ethical concerns that need to be addressed before being translated for clinical use. Here, we discuss the current and potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its limitations in clinical applications, as well as ethical and legal considerations in the treatment, disease prevention or disability in somatic cells or human embryo via gene editing.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91438120)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Aerospace Broadband Network Technology(No.KTKD20140603)the Foundation of Chinese Defense Advance Research Program of Science and Technology(No.9140A15030115DZ08042).
文摘In recent years,following the development of space commutation,space information has become a critical part in space information network and will play a very significant role in winning future information war.A space information network with characteristics such as complex structure,special communication requirement,long delay,dependence on remote maintenance,and fragile ecological environment contains enormous security risks.Therefore,ensuring space information network safety is important.Intrusion-detection model as an important part of a network security system becomes a hot issue in space network security.We propose an intrusion-detection method that integrates anomaly with misuse,which supports automatic updates from a remote ground,and design a distributed intrusion-detection model of space information network.
文摘【选注者言:Viagra(注:香港人将它译成“伟哥”)是美国辉瑞制药公司制造的一种治疗阳痿的新药。5年前,美国科研人员在研制治疗心绞痛的新药“伟哥”时,意外发现它有壮阳的功效。1997年3月,“伟哥”获美国食品与药品管理局批准生产上市,现已成为美国治疗阳痿的首选药物,并向一些国家出口。但是目前在美国,患者必须到医院看病,并在医生的指导下才能用药。辉瑞制药公司也证实,在医生开出600万张处方后,在美国服用“伟哥”的患者已有130人死亡,其中大多数是死于心力衰竭。 本文向我们提供了这样一个可怕的事实:But the recreational use of Viagra in discos and nightclubs(舞厅和夜总会)among potent(有性交能力的)men has sparked concern among doctors.换言之,某些人并不是阳痿患者却将“伟哥”当作增强性生活快感的“兴奋剂”来使用。其中的形容词recreational就说明了这个意思。 我是一个泌尿科的医生,在网上读到此文,觉得很有必要将它介绍给广大读者。因为,在我接触的患者中,已有误服“伟哥”而出现严重副作用的患者。有些人从境外得到此药,出于好奇和无知,不适当地服用,危害极大! 特别是那些患有心力衰竭、中风、心律不齐、不定期心绞痛、冠心病以及有心脏病病史者要严格控制使用。高血压、低血压?
文摘Background: The use of drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used or in excess amounts. Psychoactive drugs are some of the drugs more commonly abused, also, antibiotics and other medications too can be misused. Drug abuse and misuse can lead to serious social, medical and emotional harm to the patients, and antibiotic resistance that makes treatment harder are also likely complications. Method: Patients in both male and female wards of the Orthoepaedics Department of ATBUTH, Bauchi were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and their responses were recorded and data were analyzed using the SPSS version 29. Results: A total of 112 patients were interviewed, 76 males and 36 females. Thirty-two (28.6%) patients had taken various kinds of unprescribed medications while on admission: 9 patients had taken unprescribed tramadol, 4 patients had taken codeine, 6 Ampiclox, 5 flagyl and about 8 patients had taken different kinds of traditional medications while on admission. Among the 32 patients, 23 (72%) are aged less than 30 years, 5 (16%) are aged between 30 and 50 years and 4 (12%) are aged above 50 years. Sixteen (50%) had such medications brought to them by relatives or friends, 10 (30%) were given by other patients on admission, 5 (15%) brought or bought the drugs by themselves while 1 (5%) were given by a non-clinical staff of the hospital. Conclusion: Drug misuse and abuse is a very serious, deleterious practice with destructive consequences in its wake, such consequences as drug dependency with all its antecedent effects, antibiotic resistance and difficulties in controlling/managing infections are but a few. So, it’s very important to both educate patients about these terrible practices and cope with the spread of them in our wards and hospitals.
