Conventional seismic exploration method based on post-stack data usually fails to identify the distribution of fractured and caved carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,so the rich pre-stack information should be ap...Conventional seismic exploration method based on post-stack data usually fails to identify the distribution of fractured and caved carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,so the rich pre-stack information should be applied to the prediction of carbonate reservoirs.Amplitude-preserved seismic data processing is the foundation.In this paper,according to the feature of desert seismic data （including weak reflection,fast attenuation of high frequency components,strong coherent noises,low S/N and resolution）,a set of amplitude-preserved processing techniques is applied and a reasonable processing flow is formed to obtain the high quality data.After implementing a set of pre-stack amplitude-preserved processing,we test and define the kernel parameters of amplitude-preserved Kirchhoff PSTM （pre-stack time migration） and subsequent gathers processing,in order to obtain the amplitude-preserved gathers used to the isotropic pre-stack inversion for the identification of caved reservoirs.The AVO characteristics of obtained gathers fit well with the synthetic gathers from logging data,and it proves that the processing above is amplitudepreserved.The azimuthal processing techniques,including azimuth division and binning enlargement,are implemented for amplitude-preserved azimuthal gathers with the uniform fold.They can be used in the anisotropic inversion to detect effective fractures.The processing techniques and flows are applied to the field seismic data,and are proved available for providing the amplitude-preserved gathers for carbonate reservoir prediction in the Tarim Basin.展开更多
四分量海底地震仪(OBS)是一种新的接收仪器,其获得的地震数据信息量大,整体信噪比较高,频率成分丰富,具有较高的使用价值。OBS用于研究深部地壳结构已取得较好进展,但较少应用到油气勘探和盆地研究中。在南海西北部采用大容量气枪阵列(0...四分量海底地震仪(OBS)是一种新的接收仪器,其获得的地震数据信息量大,整体信噪比较高,频率成分丰富,具有较高的使用价值。OBS用于研究深部地壳结构已取得较好进展,但较少应用到油气勘探和盆地研究中。在南海西北部采用大容量气枪阵列(0.083m3)作为震源、利用OBS记录气枪震源的反射和折射信息,在油气勘探中是一种新的尝试。为正确使用OBS地震资料,必须采用不同于常规地震资料处理的方法,文中开拓性地使用了镜像叠前时间偏移处理方法。镜像叠前时间偏移处理方法是利用海面多次波进行成像的技术,包括OBS资料矢量保真处理、P分量(压力分量)和Z分量(垂直分量)的叠前处理和镜像叠前时间偏移处理等;其中矢量保真处理主要进行检波点位置二次重定位和检波点方向重定位及倾角校正,P、Z分量的叠前处理包括零相位化处理与地震道修改,P、Z矢量合并(P and Z summation)、剩余静校正、镜像叠加和多次波衰减等。采用镜像叠前时间偏移处理方法获得的剖面获得了较好的成像效果。展开更多
基金financially supported by National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB201100)
文摘Conventional seismic exploration method based on post-stack data usually fails to identify the distribution of fractured and caved carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,so the rich pre-stack information should be applied to the prediction of carbonate reservoirs.Amplitude-preserved seismic data processing is the foundation.In this paper,according to the feature of desert seismic data （including weak reflection,fast attenuation of high frequency components,strong coherent noises,low S/N and resolution）,a set of amplitude-preserved processing techniques is applied and a reasonable processing flow is formed to obtain the high quality data.After implementing a set of pre-stack amplitude-preserved processing,we test and define the kernel parameters of amplitude-preserved Kirchhoff PSTM （pre-stack time migration） and subsequent gathers processing,in order to obtain the amplitude-preserved gathers used to the isotropic pre-stack inversion for the identification of caved reservoirs.The AVO characteristics of obtained gathers fit well with the synthetic gathers from logging data,and it proves that the processing above is amplitudepreserved.The azimuthal processing techniques,including azimuth division and binning enlargement,are implemented for amplitude-preserved azimuthal gathers with the uniform fold.They can be used in the anisotropic inversion to detect effective fractures.The processing techniques and flows are applied to the field seismic data,and are proved available for providing the amplitude-preserved gathers for carbonate reservoir prediction in the Tarim Basin.
文摘四分量海底地震仪(OBS)是一种新的接收仪器,其获得的地震数据信息量大,整体信噪比较高,频率成分丰富,具有较高的使用价值。OBS用于研究深部地壳结构已取得较好进展,但较少应用到油气勘探和盆地研究中。在南海西北部采用大容量气枪阵列(0.083m3)作为震源、利用OBS记录气枪震源的反射和折射信息,在油气勘探中是一种新的尝试。为正确使用OBS地震资料,必须采用不同于常规地震资料处理的方法,文中开拓性地使用了镜像叠前时间偏移处理方法。镜像叠前时间偏移处理方法是利用海面多次波进行成像的技术,包括OBS资料矢量保真处理、P分量(压力分量)和Z分量(垂直分量)的叠前处理和镜像叠前时间偏移处理等;其中矢量保真处理主要进行检波点位置二次重定位和检波点方向重定位及倾角校正,P、Z分量的叠前处理包括零相位化处理与地震道修改,P、Z矢量合并(P and Z summation)、剩余静校正、镜像叠加和多次波衰减等。采用镜像叠前时间偏移处理方法获得的剖面获得了较好的成像效果。
