Asymmetric deformation and failure of surrounding rock are frequently observed in mountain tunnels and deep mining roadways,yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.To investigate asymmetric failure in r...Asymmetric deformation and failure of surrounding rock are frequently observed in mountain tunnels and deep mining roadways,yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.To investigate asymmetric failure in roadways adjacent to fault structures and mining panels,this study adopts an integrated approach combining theoretical derivation,numerical simulation,and field application,with particular emphasis on the second invariant of the stress deviator(J_(2) )in the surrounding rock.Based on the stress solution for a circular opening,an analytical expression for J_(2)(distortion energy)is derived by considering the reorientation of principal stresses.The study demonstrates that both the increase and reorientation of principal stresses induced by fault–mining interaction jointly govern the spatial distribution of J_(2) and the resulting asymmetric failure behavior.Specifically,the principal stress rotation angle determines the location of J_(2) concentration,whereas the principal stress ratio controls its magnitude.To mitigate asymmetric failure,it is recommended to optimize the J_(2) state through adjustments in roadway size,geometry,and support systems,while simultaneously controlling the asymmetric concentration of stress deviator to enhance roadway stability.This study systematically elucidates the chain mechanism of asymmetric surrounding rock failure driven by principal stress,and further proposes a rational asymmetric joint control strategy,providing theoretical guidance for similar underground engineering conditions.展开更多
Roof pre-fracture poses a considerable risk during the re-mining of residual coal above abandoned roadways,threatening the safety of the mining faces.This study employs a Winkler foundation beam model for mechanical a...Roof pre-fracture poses a considerable risk during the re-mining of residual coal above abandoned roadways,threatening the safety of the mining faces.This study employs a Winkler foundation beam model for mechanical analysis of roof structures and adopts a multivariate nonlinear analysis approach to explore the synergistic load-bearing effects within the'coal pillar-support-backfill body'system during the fill and re-mining processes above these roadways.The findings demonstrate that backfill mining significantly reduces stress concentrations in coal pillars and reduces excessive bending moments in roofs near abandoned roadways.The roof deflection equation incorporates three critical factors affecting stability during backfill mining:the width of the coal pillar(L_(3)),the working resistance of the support(q_(z)),and the elastic foundation coefficient of the backfill material(kcÞ.Under single-factor conditions,the impact sequence on roof stability in the coal pillar zone is·k_(c)>L_(3)>q_(z).Further,multivariate nonlinear analysis reveals the interactions within the'coal-support-backfill'structure,indicating that in terms of roof control,the interaction terms are ordered as L_(3)·k_(c)>q_(z)·k_(c)>L_(3)q_(z).Therefore,priority should be given to adjusting the coal pillar width and backfill strength,followed by modifications to the support resistance and backfill strength during the recovery of abandoned roadways.An improved understanding of these interactions will help optimize strategies for the recovery of residual coal through abandoned roadways,thereby enhancing the stability and safety of mining operations under complex geological conditions.展开更多
Rockbursts, which mainly affect mining roadways, are dynamic disasters arising from the surrounding rock under high stress. Understanding the interaction between supports and the surrounding rock is necessary for effe...Rockbursts, which mainly affect mining roadways, are dynamic disasters arising from the surrounding rock under high stress. Understanding the interaction between supports and the surrounding rock is necessary for effective rockburst control. In this study, the squeezing behavior of the surrounding rock is analyzed in rockburst roadways, and a mechanical model of rockbursts is established considering the dynamic support stress, thus deriving formulas and providing characteristic curves for describing the interaction between the support and surrounding rock. Design principles and parameters of supports for rockburst control are proposed. The results show that only when the geostress magnitude exceeds a critical value can it drive the formation of rockburst conditions. The main factors influencing the convergence response and rockburst occurrence around roadways are geostress, rock brittleness, uniaxial compressive strength, and roadway excavation size. Roadway support devices can play a role in controlling rockburst by suppressing the squeezing evolution of the surrounding rock towards instability points of rockburst. Further, the higher the strength and the longer the impact stroke of support devices with constant resistance, the more easily multiple balance points can be formed with the surrounding rock to control rockburst occurrence. Supports with long impact stroke allow adaptation to varying geostress levels around the roadway, aiding in rockburst control. The results offer a quantitative method for designing support systems for rockburst-prone roadways. The design criterion of supports is determined by the intersection between the convergence curve of the surrounding rock and the squeezing deformation curve of the support devices.展开更多
As coal mining depth increases,the combined effects of high stress,mining stress,and fault structures make dynamic impact hazards more frequent.The reproduction of dynamic impact phenomena is basis for studying their ...As coal mining depth increases,the combined effects of high stress,mining stress,and fault structures make dynamic impact hazards more frequent.The reproduction of dynamic impact phenomena is basis for studying their occurrence patterns and control mechanisms.Physical simulation test represents an efficacious methodology.However,there is currently a lack of simulation devices that can effectively simulate two types of dynamic impact phenomena,including high stress and fault slip dynamic impact.To solve aforementioned issues,the physical simulation test system for dynamic impact in deep roadways developed by authors is employed to carry out comparative tests of high stress and fault slip dynamic impact.The phenomena of high stress and fault slip dynamic impact are reproduced successfully.A comparative analysis is conducted on dynamic phenomena,stress evolution,roadway deformation,and support force.The high stress dynamic impact roadway instability mode,which is characterized by the release of high energy accompanied by symmetric damage,and the fault slip dynamic impact roadway instability mode,which is characterized by the propagation of unilateral stress waves accompanied by asymmetric damage,are clarified.On the basis,the differentiated control concepts for different types of dynamic impact in deep roadways are proposed.展开更多
The accumulation and release of deformation energy within the rock mass of a roadway are primary contributors to the occurrence of rock bursts.This study introduces a calculation model for the kinetic energy generated...The accumulation and release of deformation energy within the rock mass of a roadway are primary contributors to the occurrence of rock bursts.This study introduces a calculation model for the kinetic energy generated during roadway excavation,which is based on the fracture and energy states of the rock mass.The relationships among the mining depth,width of the plastic zone,rebound range of the roof and floor,stress concentration factor,and the induced kinetic energy are systematically explored.Furthermore,a rock burst risk evaluation method is proposed.The findings indicate that the energy evolution of the rock mass can be categorized into four stages:energy accumulation due to in-situ stress,energy accumulation resulting from coal compression,energy dissipation through coal plastic deformation,and energy consumption due to coal failure.The energy release from the rock mass is influenced by several factors,including mining depth,stress concentration factor,the width of the plastic zone,and the rebound range of the roof and floor.Within the plastic zone of coal,the energy released per unit volume of coal and the induced kinetic energy exhibit a nonlinear increase with mining depth and stress concentration factor,while they decrease linearly as the width of the plastic zone increases.Similarly,the driving energy per unit volume of the roof and floor shows a nonlinear increase with mining depth and stress concentration factor,a linear increase with the rebound range of the roof and floor,and a linear decrease with the width of the plastic zone.A rock burst risk evaluation method is developed based on the kinetic energy model.Field observations demonstrate that this method aligns with the drilling cuttings rock burst risk assessment method,thereby confirming its validity.展开更多
The disorderly mining activities and irrational layout in underground coal mines have left a large number of adjacent abandoned roadways.During the process of a working face passing through abandoned roadways,these st...The disorderly mining activities and irrational layout in underground coal mines have left a large number of adjacent abandoned roadways.During the process of a working face passing through abandoned roadways,these structures are prone to varying degrees of damage,with frequent occurrences of roof leakage and induced rock burst accidents,significantly impacting subsequent mining operations and safe production.To address these issues,this study investigates the surrounding rock deformation patterns during fully mechanized mining face passage through abandoned roadway clusters.Specific countermeasures were systematically summarized according to different occurrence characteristics of abandoned roadways.Through mechanical analysis,the critical unstable width of coal pillars was determined to be approximately 16.1~16.8 m.A three-dimensional numerical model was established based on 17 abandoned roadways with various shapes and occurrences in the working face.Simulation results indicate severe deformation and failure in roof rock layer roadways,while floor roadways exhibit relatively minor damage.Notably,when the distance between abandoned roadways and the coal seam exceeds 8 m,almost no damage occurs.Three technical measures for passing through abandoned roadway group was proposed according to their occurrence characteristics and implemented in engineering practice.Field applications demonstrate limited coal stress variations and weak strata pressure manifestations during the crossing process,ensuring safe passage through abandoned roadway clusters.This achievement enables efficient and safe crossing of abandoned roadway group in fully mechanized mining faces,enhances coal recovery rates,and provides practical engineering references for similar geological conditions.展开更多
Cross roadway collapses are a common occurrence in underground mining operations.While the influence of mining blasts on the stability of surrounding rock is acknowledged,the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately ...Cross roadway collapses are a common occurrence in underground mining operations.While the influence of mining blasts on the stability of surrounding rock is acknowledged,the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood.This study investigates the characteristics and mechanisms of collapse in a shallow buried cross roadway subjected to mining blast disturbances,drawing insights from an engineering project in Anshan City,Northeast China.A strain-softening model based on unified strength theory was developed to effectively calculate and analyze the loosened zone thickness and surrounding rock displacement.The PFC3D-FLAC3D coupling method was employed to clarify the concentrated collapse area within the cross roadway,providing insight into the collapse mechanism through a cross-sectional model of the concentrated region.Results demonstrate that 50%of the cross roadway collapsed following the mining blast.Subsidence at the intersection was approximately one-fifth(0.66 m)of cross roadway’s net height,exceeding subsidence in other areas by 1.3.Under the action of repeated mining blasting,the cross section of the connection roadway forms a semi-elliptical high tensile stress zone.After the cumulative damage of the surrounding rock of the connection roadway exceeds the ultimate yield strength,the cumulative stress release causes the tensile failure of the surrounding rock.The plastic zone of the connecting roadway expands to three times of the initial,and continues to develop.The surrounding rock on both sides experienced tensile stress,cumulative stress release,and the vertical propagation of tensile cracks.展开更多
Filling the roadways of the abandoned mines can enhance the structural stability of surrounding ore bodies.However,existing studies on backfill reinforcement for different roadway shapes focus on mechanical properties...Filling the roadways of the abandoned mines can enhance the structural stability of surrounding ore bodies.However,existing studies on backfill reinforcement for different roadway shapes focus on mechanical properties and failure modes,with less emphasis on the specific mechanisms governed by crack-type evolution during the failure process.This study investigates the mechanical effects of three backfill conditions(unfilled,soft-filled,and hard-filled)on six common roadway geometries with scaled specimens subjected to uniaxial compression tests.Crack initiation and propagation were monitored with digital image correlation(DIC).Results show:(1)Roadway geometry strongly affects strength and fracture behavior.With identical effective apertures,the horseshoe-shaped specimen reaches a maximum strength of 23.5 MPa,compared to 16.7 MPa for the square specimen.Sharp-cornered geometries exhibit pronounced stress concentrations,leading to early cracking and faster failure.(2)Fillings improve strength and mitigate damage.Hard fillings(≈1/6 of the specimen strength)control cracks more effectively than soft ones(≈1/3 strength).For circular specimens,the crack initiation stress increases by 99.7%and 105.6%after filling with soft and hard filler,respectively,relative to the unfilled case(9.25 MPa),representing the greatest enhancement among all geometries.(3)DIC analysis identifies tensile,shear,and mixed-mode cracks.Unfilled specimens frequently shift between modes,whereas filled ones show more stable patterns with delayed crack initiation.(4)Energy analysis reveals higher peak dissipation in unfilled specimens.Filling improves energy dissipation performance across all roadway shapes,with both fillers showing the most significant suppression effect in triangular specimens—by 63.0%and 58.3%for soft and hard fillers,respectively—and the least effect in arched-wall specimens—12.9%and 17.6%,respectively.These results contribute to understanding the damaging effects caused by the dynamic evolution of crack types in backfilled roadways and surrounding mine bodies in underground rock engineering.展开更多
Considering the characteristics of deep thick top coal roadway,in which the high ground stress,coal seam with low strength,and a large range of surrounding rock fragmentation,the pressure relief anchor box beam suppor...Considering the characteristics of deep thick top coal roadway,in which the high ground stress,coal seam with low strength,and a large range of surrounding rock fragmentation,the pressure relief anchor box beam support system with high strength is developed.The high-strength bearing characteristics and coupling yielding support mechanism of this support system are studied by the mechanical tests of composite members and the combined support system.The test results show that under the coupling effect of support members,the peak stress of the box-shaped support beam in the anchor box beam is reduced by 21.9%,and the average deformation is increased by 135.0%.The ultimate bending bearing capacity of the box-shaped support beam is 3.5 times that of traditional channel beam.The effective compressive stress zone applied by the high prestressed cable is expanded by 26.4%.On this basis,the field support comparison test by the anchor channel beam,the anchor I-shaped beam and the anchor box beam are carried out.Compared with those of the previous two,the surrounding rock convergence of the latter is decreased by 41.2%and 22.2%,respectively.The field test verifies the effectiveness of the anchor box beam support system.展开更多
In extremely close-distance coal seam(ECDCS)mining,section coal pillars remain after upper coal seam(UCS)extraction.Thus,for layout and support design of lower coal seam(LCS)mining roadways,it is critical to account f...In extremely close-distance coal seam(ECDCS)mining,section coal pillars remain after upper coal seam(UCS)extraction.Thus,for layout and support design of lower coal seam(LCS)mining roadways,it is critical to account for UCS goaf deterioration and residual coal pillar(RCP)-induced stress disturbance.Taking the 6.4 m layer spacing of ECDCS mining in Nanyangpo Coal Mine as a case study,this research aimed to determine the optimal layout and surrounding rock control method for the 24202-ventilation roadway in the RCP area.First,the challenges of roadway layout and support under RCP were clarified:three layout methods face distinct RCPinduced stress disturbances and goaf-related roof damage.A finite element model was established;the second invariant of deviatoric stress(J_(2))and horizontal stress index were introduced to analyze plastic zone and stress evolution after UCS mining.Results show that J_(2)distributes symmetrically,with its peak diffusing downward and attenuating in a“/”-shaped pattern.Six schemes were simulated to compare plastic zone distributions at different positions,revealing that the optimal layout consists of a roadway alignment with the RCP center.Based on roadway layout and roof conditions,a cooperative control scheme was proposed:deep,strong anchorage with long cables across the RCP,and shallow stable support with short bolts in the ECDCS.This scheme secures roof cables anchored to the UCS RCP roof to achieve cross-seam anchorage.On-site borehole peeping and loose circle tests confirm smooth surrounding rock hole walls and limited failure range.Specifically,surrounding rock deformation and roof separation were controlled within 200 mm and 80 mm,respectively,with stable bolt/cable support resistance.These results offer an innovative solution for roadway layout design and support strategies under RCP in ECDCS,with significant engineering application value.展开更多
It is of great significance to study the failure mode of mining roadways for safe coal mining.The unconventional asymmetric failure(UAF)phenomenon was discovered in the 9106 ventilation roadway of Wangzhuang coal mine...It is of great significance to study the failure mode of mining roadways for safe coal mining.The unconventional asymmetric failure(UAF)phenomenon was discovered in the 9106 ventilation roadway of Wangzhuang coal mine in Shanxi Province.The main manifestation is that the deformation of the roadway on the coal side is much greater than that on the coal pillar side.A comprehensive study was conducted on on-site detection,theoretical analysis,laboratory tests and numerical simulation of the UAF phenomenon.On-site detection shows that the deformation of the coal sidewall can reach 50–80 cm,and the failure zone depth can reach 3 m.The deformation and fracture depth on the coal pillar side are much smaller than those on the coal side.A calculation model for the principal stress of surrounding rock when the axial direction of the roadway is inconsistent with the in-situ stress field was established.The distribution of the failure zone on both sides of the roadway has been defined by the combined mining induced stress.The true triaxial test studied the mechanical mechanism of rock mass fracture and crack propagation on both sides of the roadway.The research results indicate that the axial direction,stress field distribution,and mining induced stress field distribution of the roadway jointly affect the asymmetric failure mode of the roadway.The angle between the axis direction of the roadway and the maximum horizontal stress field leads to uneven distribution of the principal stress field on both sides.The differential distribution of mining induced stress exacerbates the asymmetric distribution of principal stress in the surrounding rock.The uneven stress distribution on both sides of the roadway is the main cause of UAF formation.The research results can provide mechanical explanations and theoretical support for the control of surrounding rock in roadways with similar failure characteristics.展开更多
As coal mining progresses to greater depths,controlling the stability of surrounding rock in deep roadways has become an increasingly complex challenge.Although four-dimensional(4D)support theoretically offers unique ...As coal mining progresses to greater depths,controlling the stability of surrounding rock in deep roadways has become an increasingly complex challenge.Although four-dimensional(4D)support theoretically offers unique advantages in maintaining the stability of rock mass,the disaster evolution processes and multi-source information response characteristics in deep roadways with 4D support remain unclear.Consequently,a large-scale physical model testing system and self-designed 4D support components were employed to conduct similarity model tests on the surrounding rock failure process under unsupported(U-1),traditional bolt-mesh-cable support(T-2),and 4D support(4D-R-3)conditions.Combined with multi-source monitoring techniques,including stress–strain,digital image correlation(DIC),acoustic emission(AE),microseismic(MS),parallel electric(PE),and electromagnetic radiation(EMR),the mechanical behavior and multi-source information responses were comprehensively analyzed.The results show that the peak stress and displacement of the models are positively correlated with the support strength.The multi-source information exhibits distinct response characteristics under different supports.The response frequency,energy,and fluctuationsof AE,MS,and EMR signals,along with the apparent resistivity(AR)high-resistivity zone,follow the trend U-1>T-2>4D-R-3.Furthermore,multi-source information exhibits significantdifferences in sensitivity across different phases.The AE,MS,and EMR signals exhibit active responses to rock mass activity at each phase.However,AR signals are only sensitive to the fracture propagation during the plastic yield and failure phases.In summary,the 4D support significantlyenhances the bearing capacity and plastic deformation of the models,while substantially reducing the frequency,energy,and fluctuationsof multi-source signals.展开更多
Under the influence of the upper coal pillars and dynamic pressure of coal mining,the roadway of the lower coal seam is prone to large deformation failure.In this paper,a novel control method and key technologies of a...Under the influence of the upper coal pillars and dynamic pressure of coal mining,the roadway of the lower coal seam is prone to large deformation failure.In this paper,a novel control method and key technologies of automatically formed roadway(AFR)by roof cutting and confined concrete column in extremely close-distance coal seam are proposed.Furthermore,a numerical model is established to analyze the structure characteristics of overlying roof strata.Based on numerical results,the roof structure model of“voussoir beam of upper layer+short cantilever beam of lower layer”of this method is proposed.What’s more,the calculation equation of the roof bending moment and evaluation indexes is established,and the influence of different factors on roof stability control of AFR is studied.Finally,a field test is conducted to verify the effectiveness of this novel method.Field results were as follows:1)The maximum and average support stress of working face obviously decreased;2)The confined concrete column can provide high-strength support in dynamic influence zone;3)The maximum deformation of AFR safety requirement can be met.This study can provide effective guidance for the application of this method in extremely close-distance coal seam.展开更多
Borehole pressure relief helps prevent rock bursts.However,this may change the physical and mechan-ical properties of the surrounding rock,affect the variation of the plastic zone of the roadway,and lead to the failur...Borehole pressure relief helps prevent rock bursts.However,this may change the physical and mechan-ical properties of the surrounding rock,affect the variation of the plastic zone of the roadway,and lead to the failure of roadway support,thus threatening the safety of the roadway.In this paper,the variable angle shear test of drilled specimens under the action of static and dynamic loads is used to study the evolution of mechanical parameters of the specimens and their influence on the plastic zone of the sur-rounding rock.The shear strength decreases linearly with the increase of drilling diameter.With the increase of pre-static load level and dynamic load amplitude,the cohesion first increases and then decreases,and the internal friction angle decreases.Moreover,the shear failure surface changes from rough to smooth.The reasons include that the static load enhances the tooth cutting effect and the repeated friction of cracks caused by the dynamic load.Borehole pressure relief leads to an increase in the radius of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock following a quadratic function.The research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for designing drilling unloading parameters and supporting parameters for rock burst roadways.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52274148)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.E2023402103)+1 种基金the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(Grant No.QN2025247)Handan Science and Technology R&D Project(Grant No.23422093047)。
文摘Asymmetric deformation and failure of surrounding rock are frequently observed in mountain tunnels and deep mining roadways,yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.To investigate asymmetric failure in roadways adjacent to fault structures and mining panels,this study adopts an integrated approach combining theoretical derivation,numerical simulation,and field application,with particular emphasis on the second invariant of the stress deviator(J_(2) )in the surrounding rock.Based on the stress solution for a circular opening,an analytical expression for J_(2)(distortion energy)is derived by considering the reorientation of principal stresses.The study demonstrates that both the increase and reorientation of principal stresses induced by fault–mining interaction jointly govern the spatial distribution of J_(2) and the resulting asymmetric failure behavior.Specifically,the principal stress rotation angle determines the location of J_(2) concentration,whereas the principal stress ratio controls its magnitude.To mitigate asymmetric failure,it is recommended to optimize the J_(2) state through adjustments in roadway size,geometry,and support systems,while simultaneously controlling the asymmetric concentration of stress deviator to enhance roadway stability.This study systematically elucidates the chain mechanism of asymmetric surrounding rock failure driven by principal stress,and further proposes a rational asymmetric joint control strategy,providing theoretical guidance for similar underground engineering conditions.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52474142)The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.51925402),Chinathe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M702049).
文摘Roof pre-fracture poses a considerable risk during the re-mining of residual coal above abandoned roadways,threatening the safety of the mining faces.This study employs a Winkler foundation beam model for mechanical analysis of roof structures and adopts a multivariate nonlinear analysis approach to explore the synergistic load-bearing effects within the'coal pillar-support-backfill body'system during the fill and re-mining processes above these roadways.The findings demonstrate that backfill mining significantly reduces stress concentrations in coal pillars and reduces excessive bending moments in roofs near abandoned roadways.The roof deflection equation incorporates three critical factors affecting stability during backfill mining:the width of the coal pillar(L_(3)),the working resistance of the support(q_(z)),and the elastic foundation coefficient of the backfill material(kcÞ.Under single-factor conditions,the impact sequence on roof stability in the coal pillar zone is·k_(c)>L_(3)>q_(z).Further,multivariate nonlinear analysis reveals the interactions within the'coal-support-backfill'structure,indicating that in terms of roof control,the interaction terms are ordered as L_(3)·k_(c)>q_(z)·k_(c)>L_(3)q_(z).Therefore,priority should be given to adjusting the coal pillar width and backfill strength,followed by modifications to the support resistance and backfill strength during the recovery of abandoned roadways.An improved understanding of these interactions will help optimize strategies for the recovery of residual coal through abandoned roadways,thereby enhancing the stability and safety of mining operations under complex geological conditions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52304133)the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFC3004605)the Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province (No. 2023-BS-083)。
文摘Rockbursts, which mainly affect mining roadways, are dynamic disasters arising from the surrounding rock under high stress. Understanding the interaction between supports and the surrounding rock is necessary for effective rockburst control. In this study, the squeezing behavior of the surrounding rock is analyzed in rockburst roadways, and a mechanical model of rockbursts is established considering the dynamic support stress, thus deriving formulas and providing characteristic curves for describing the interaction between the support and surrounding rock. Design principles and parameters of supports for rockburst control are proposed. The results show that only when the geostress magnitude exceeds a critical value can it drive the formation of rockburst conditions. The main factors influencing the convergence response and rockburst occurrence around roadways are geostress, rock brittleness, uniaxial compressive strength, and roadway excavation size. Roadway support devices can play a role in controlling rockburst by suppressing the squeezing evolution of the surrounding rock towards instability points of rockburst. Further, the higher the strength and the longer the impact stroke of support devices with constant resistance, the more easily multiple balance points can be formed with the surrounding rock to control rockburst occurrence. Supports with long impact stroke allow adaptation to varying geostress levels around the roadway, aiding in rockburst control. The results offer a quantitative method for designing support systems for rockburst-prone roadways. The design criterion of supports is determined by the intersection between the convergence curve of the surrounding rock and the squeezing deformation curve of the support devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24A2088,42177130,42277174,and 42477166).
文摘As coal mining depth increases,the combined effects of high stress,mining stress,and fault structures make dynamic impact hazards more frequent.The reproduction of dynamic impact phenomena is basis for studying their occurrence patterns and control mechanisms.Physical simulation test represents an efficacious methodology.However,there is currently a lack of simulation devices that can effectively simulate two types of dynamic impact phenomena,including high stress and fault slip dynamic impact.To solve aforementioned issues,the physical simulation test system for dynamic impact in deep roadways developed by authors is employed to carry out comparative tests of high stress and fault slip dynamic impact.The phenomena of high stress and fault slip dynamic impact are reproduced successfully.A comparative analysis is conducted on dynamic phenomena,stress evolution,roadway deformation,and support force.The high stress dynamic impact roadway instability mode,which is characterized by the release of high energy accompanied by symmetric damage,and the fault slip dynamic impact roadway instability mode,which is characterized by the propagation of unilateral stress waves accompanied by asymmetric damage,are clarified.On the basis,the differentiated control concepts for different types of dynamic impact in deep roadways are proposed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374094 and 52274086)the Climbling Project of Taishan Scholar in Shandong Province(No.tspd20210313)the Shandong Provincial Youth Innovation and Technology Support Program(No.2024KJH069)。
文摘The accumulation and release of deformation energy within the rock mass of a roadway are primary contributors to the occurrence of rock bursts.This study introduces a calculation model for the kinetic energy generated during roadway excavation,which is based on the fracture and energy states of the rock mass.The relationships among the mining depth,width of the plastic zone,rebound range of the roof and floor,stress concentration factor,and the induced kinetic energy are systematically explored.Furthermore,a rock burst risk evaluation method is proposed.The findings indicate that the energy evolution of the rock mass can be categorized into four stages:energy accumulation due to in-situ stress,energy accumulation resulting from coal compression,energy dissipation through coal plastic deformation,and energy consumption due to coal failure.The energy release from the rock mass is influenced by several factors,including mining depth,stress concentration factor,the width of the plastic zone,and the rebound range of the roof and floor.Within the plastic zone of coal,the energy released per unit volume of coal and the induced kinetic energy exhibit a nonlinear increase with mining depth and stress concentration factor,while they decrease linearly as the width of the plastic zone increases.Similarly,the driving energy per unit volume of the roof and floor shows a nonlinear increase with mining depth and stress concentration factor,a linear increase with the rebound range of the roof and floor,and a linear decrease with the width of the plastic zone.A rock burst risk evaluation method is developed based on the kinetic energy model.Field observations demonstrate that this method aligns with the drilling cuttings rock burst risk assessment method,thereby confirming its validity.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3904300)the Taichuangyuan Thick Coal Seam Water Conservation Mining"Scientists+Engineers"Team(2024QCY-KXJ-055)the 111 Project(B21016).
文摘The disorderly mining activities and irrational layout in underground coal mines have left a large number of adjacent abandoned roadways.During the process of a working face passing through abandoned roadways,these structures are prone to varying degrees of damage,with frequent occurrences of roof leakage and induced rock burst accidents,significantly impacting subsequent mining operations and safe production.To address these issues,this study investigates the surrounding rock deformation patterns during fully mechanized mining face passage through abandoned roadway clusters.Specific countermeasures were systematically summarized according to different occurrence characteristics of abandoned roadways.Through mechanical analysis,the critical unstable width of coal pillars was determined to be approximately 16.1~16.8 m.A three-dimensional numerical model was established based on 17 abandoned roadways with various shapes and occurrences in the working face.Simulation results indicate severe deformation and failure in roof rock layer roadways,while floor roadways exhibit relatively minor damage.Notably,when the distance between abandoned roadways and the coal seam exceeds 8 m,almost no damage occurs.Three technical measures for passing through abandoned roadway group was proposed according to their occurrence characteristics and implemented in engineering practice.Field applications demonstrate limited coal stress variations and weak strata pressure manifestations during the crossing process,ensuring safe passage through abandoned roadway clusters.This achievement enables efficient and safe crossing of abandoned roadway group in fully mechanized mining faces,enhances coal recovery rates,and provides practical engineering references for similar geological conditions.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51974187)Intelligent Mine Blasting and Innovative Technology Platform Construction(LJ232410146045)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2203173).
文摘Cross roadway collapses are a common occurrence in underground mining operations.While the influence of mining blasts on the stability of surrounding rock is acknowledged,the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood.This study investigates the characteristics and mechanisms of collapse in a shallow buried cross roadway subjected to mining blast disturbances,drawing insights from an engineering project in Anshan City,Northeast China.A strain-softening model based on unified strength theory was developed to effectively calculate and analyze the loosened zone thickness and surrounding rock displacement.The PFC3D-FLAC3D coupling method was employed to clarify the concentrated collapse area within the cross roadway,providing insight into the collapse mechanism through a cross-sectional model of the concentrated region.Results demonstrate that 50%of the cross roadway collapsed following the mining blast.Subsidence at the intersection was approximately one-fifth(0.66 m)of cross roadway’s net height,exceeding subsidence in other areas by 1.3.Under the action of repeated mining blasting,the cross section of the connection roadway forms a semi-elliptical high tensile stress zone.After the cumulative damage of the surrounding rock of the connection roadway exceeds the ultimate yield strength,the cumulative stress release causes the tensile failure of the surrounding rock.The plastic zone of the connecting roadway expands to three times of the initial,and continues to develop.The surrounding rock on both sides experienced tensile stress,cumulative stress release,and the vertical propagation of tensile cracks.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project of Bingtuan(2023CB008-28)the Startup Project of Scienific Research for High-level Talents in Shihezi University(RCZK202023)+1 种基金the Young Innovative Talents Program of Shihezi University(CXPY202116)the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC)Science and Technology Innovation Youth Top Talent Program(2024DB050)。
文摘Filling the roadways of the abandoned mines can enhance the structural stability of surrounding ore bodies.However,existing studies on backfill reinforcement for different roadway shapes focus on mechanical properties and failure modes,with less emphasis on the specific mechanisms governed by crack-type evolution during the failure process.This study investigates the mechanical effects of three backfill conditions(unfilled,soft-filled,and hard-filled)on six common roadway geometries with scaled specimens subjected to uniaxial compression tests.Crack initiation and propagation were monitored with digital image correlation(DIC).Results show:(1)Roadway geometry strongly affects strength and fracture behavior.With identical effective apertures,the horseshoe-shaped specimen reaches a maximum strength of 23.5 MPa,compared to 16.7 MPa for the square specimen.Sharp-cornered geometries exhibit pronounced stress concentrations,leading to early cracking and faster failure.(2)Fillings improve strength and mitigate damage.Hard fillings(≈1/6 of the specimen strength)control cracks more effectively than soft ones(≈1/3 strength).For circular specimens,the crack initiation stress increases by 99.7%and 105.6%after filling with soft and hard filler,respectively,relative to the unfilled case(9.25 MPa),representing the greatest enhancement among all geometries.(3)DIC analysis identifies tensile,shear,and mixed-mode cracks.Unfilled specimens frequently shift between modes,whereas filled ones show more stable patterns with delayed crack initiation.(4)Energy analysis reveals higher peak dissipation in unfilled specimens.Filling improves energy dissipation performance across all roadway shapes,with both fillers showing the most significant suppression effect in triangular specimens—by 63.0%and 58.3%for soft and hard fillers,respectively—and the least effect in arched-wall specimens—12.9%and 17.6%,respectively.These results contribute to understanding the damaging effects caused by the dynamic evolution of crack types in backfilled roadways and surrounding mine bodies in underground rock engineering.
基金Project(2023YFC2907600)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(42277174,42477166)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2024JCCXSB01)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject(KFJJ24-01M)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection,Beijing Institute of Technology,China。
文摘Considering the characteristics of deep thick top coal roadway,in which the high ground stress,coal seam with low strength,and a large range of surrounding rock fragmentation,the pressure relief anchor box beam support system with high strength is developed.The high-strength bearing characteristics and coupling yielding support mechanism of this support system are studied by the mechanical tests of composite members and the combined support system.The test results show that under the coupling effect of support members,the peak stress of the box-shaped support beam in the anchor box beam is reduced by 21.9%,and the average deformation is increased by 135.0%.The ultimate bending bearing capacity of the box-shaped support beam is 3.5 times that of traditional channel beam.The effective compressive stress zone applied by the high prestressed cable is expanded by 26.4%.On this basis,the field support comparison test by the anchor channel beam,the anchor I-shaped beam and the anchor box beam are carried out.Compared with those of the previous two,the surrounding rock convergence of the latter is decreased by 41.2%and 22.2%,respectively.The field test verifies the effectiveness of the anchor box beam support system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074296)。
文摘In extremely close-distance coal seam(ECDCS)mining,section coal pillars remain after upper coal seam(UCS)extraction.Thus,for layout and support design of lower coal seam(LCS)mining roadways,it is critical to account for UCS goaf deterioration and residual coal pillar(RCP)-induced stress disturbance.Taking the 6.4 m layer spacing of ECDCS mining in Nanyangpo Coal Mine as a case study,this research aimed to determine the optimal layout and surrounding rock control method for the 24202-ventilation roadway in the RCP area.First,the challenges of roadway layout and support under RCP were clarified:three layout methods face distinct RCPinduced stress disturbances and goaf-related roof damage.A finite element model was established;the second invariant of deviatoric stress(J_(2))and horizontal stress index were introduced to analyze plastic zone and stress evolution after UCS mining.Results show that J_(2)distributes symmetrically,with its peak diffusing downward and attenuating in a“/”-shaped pattern.Six schemes were simulated to compare plastic zone distributions at different positions,revealing that the optimal layout consists of a roadway alignment with the RCP center.Based on roadway layout and roof conditions,a cooperative control scheme was proposed:deep,strong anchorage with long cables across the RCP,and shallow stable support with short bolts in the ECDCS.This scheme secures roof cables anchored to the UCS RCP roof to achieve cross-seam anchorage.On-site borehole peeping and loose circle tests confirm smooth surrounding rock hole walls and limited failure range.Specifically,surrounding rock deformation and roof separation were controlled within 200 mm and 80 mm,respectively,with stable bolt/cable support resistance.These results offer an innovative solution for roadway layout design and support strategies under RCP in ECDCS,with significant engineering application value.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52225404,12532020,52394192 and 42321002)Key Research and Development Program Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2024B03017)Doctoral Startup Foundation of Fuyang Normal University,China(No.2025KYQD0124)。
文摘It is of great significance to study the failure mode of mining roadways for safe coal mining.The unconventional asymmetric failure(UAF)phenomenon was discovered in the 9106 ventilation roadway of Wangzhuang coal mine in Shanxi Province.The main manifestation is that the deformation of the roadway on the coal side is much greater than that on the coal pillar side.A comprehensive study was conducted on on-site detection,theoretical analysis,laboratory tests and numerical simulation of the UAF phenomenon.On-site detection shows that the deformation of the coal sidewall can reach 50–80 cm,and the failure zone depth can reach 3 m.The deformation and fracture depth on the coal pillar side are much smaller than those on the coal side.A calculation model for the principal stress of surrounding rock when the axial direction of the roadway is inconsistent with the in-situ stress field was established.The distribution of the failure zone on both sides of the roadway has been defined by the combined mining induced stress.The true triaxial test studied the mechanical mechanism of rock mass fracture and crack propagation on both sides of the roadway.The research results indicate that the axial direction,stress field distribution,and mining induced stress field distribution of the roadway jointly affect the asymmetric failure mode of the roadway.The angle between the axis direction of the roadway and the maximum horizontal stress field leads to uneven distribution of the principal stress field on both sides.The differential distribution of mining induced stress exacerbates the asymmetric distribution of principal stress in the surrounding rock.The uneven stress distribution on both sides of the roadway is the main cause of UAF formation.The research results can provide mechanical explanations and theoretical support for the control of surrounding rock in roadways with similar failure characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20598 and 52104107)the"Qinglan Project"of Jiangsu Colleges and Universities,Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.TJ-2023-086).
文摘As coal mining progresses to greater depths,controlling the stability of surrounding rock in deep roadways has become an increasingly complex challenge.Although four-dimensional(4D)support theoretically offers unique advantages in maintaining the stability of rock mass,the disaster evolution processes and multi-source information response characteristics in deep roadways with 4D support remain unclear.Consequently,a large-scale physical model testing system and self-designed 4D support components were employed to conduct similarity model tests on the surrounding rock failure process under unsupported(U-1),traditional bolt-mesh-cable support(T-2),and 4D support(4D-R-3)conditions.Combined with multi-source monitoring techniques,including stress–strain,digital image correlation(DIC),acoustic emission(AE),microseismic(MS),parallel electric(PE),and electromagnetic radiation(EMR),the mechanical behavior and multi-source information responses were comprehensively analyzed.The results show that the peak stress and displacement of the models are positively correlated with the support strength.The multi-source information exhibits distinct response characteristics under different supports.The response frequency,energy,and fluctuationsof AE,MS,and EMR signals,along with the apparent resistivity(AR)high-resistivity zone,follow the trend U-1>T-2>4D-R-3.Furthermore,multi-source information exhibits significantdifferences in sensitivity across different phases.The AE,MS,and EMR signals exhibit active responses to rock mass activity at each phase.However,AR signals are only sensitive to the fracture propagation during the plastic yield and failure phases.In summary,the 4D support significantlyenhances the bearing capacity and plastic deformation of the models,while substantially reducing the frequency,energy,and fluctuationsof multi-source signals.
基金Projects(52074164,42077267)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023M742073)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(SDCX-ZG-202303010)supported by the Shandong Postdoctora1 Science Foundation,China。
文摘Under the influence of the upper coal pillars and dynamic pressure of coal mining,the roadway of the lower coal seam is prone to large deformation failure.In this paper,a novel control method and key technologies of automatically formed roadway(AFR)by roof cutting and confined concrete column in extremely close-distance coal seam are proposed.Furthermore,a numerical model is established to analyze the structure characteristics of overlying roof strata.Based on numerical results,the roof structure model of“voussoir beam of upper layer+short cantilever beam of lower layer”of this method is proposed.What’s more,the calculation equation of the roof bending moment and evaluation indexes is established,and the influence of different factors on roof stability control of AFR is studied.Finally,a field test is conducted to verify the effectiveness of this novel method.Field results were as follows:1)The maximum and average support stress of working face obviously decreased;2)The confined concrete column can provide high-strength support in dynamic influence zone;3)The maximum deformation of AFR safety requirement can be met.This study can provide effective guidance for the application of this method in extremely close-distance coal seam.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374100,52525401,and 52304150)Outstanding Young Talent Project of Shanxi Province(No.SJYC2024301)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2023-041).
文摘Borehole pressure relief helps prevent rock bursts.However,this may change the physical and mechan-ical properties of the surrounding rock,affect the variation of the plastic zone of the roadway,and lead to the failure of roadway support,thus threatening the safety of the roadway.In this paper,the variable angle shear test of drilled specimens under the action of static and dynamic loads is used to study the evolution of mechanical parameters of the specimens and their influence on the plastic zone of the sur-rounding rock.The shear strength decreases linearly with the increase of drilling diameter.With the increase of pre-static load level and dynamic load amplitude,the cohesion first increases and then decreases,and the internal friction angle decreases.Moreover,the shear failure surface changes from rough to smooth.The reasons include that the static load enhances the tooth cutting effect and the repeated friction of cracks caused by the dynamic load.Borehole pressure relief leads to an increase in the radius of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock following a quadratic function.The research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for designing drilling unloading parameters and supporting parameters for rock burst roadways.
