This paper presents a dynamic modeling method to test and examine the minimum mass of pressurized pore-gas for triggering landslides in stable gentle soil slopes.A stable gentle soil slope model is constructed with a ...This paper presents a dynamic modeling method to test and examine the minimum mass of pressurized pore-gas for triggering landslides in stable gentle soil slopes.A stable gentle soil slope model is constructed with a dry cement powder core,a saturated clay middle layer,and a dry sand upper layer.The test injects H_(2)O_(2)solution into the cement core to produce new pore-gas.The model test includes three identical H_(2)O_(2)injections.The small mass of generated oxygen gas(0.07%of slope soil mass and landslide body)from the first injection can build sufficient pore-gas pressure to cause soil upheaval and slide.Meanwhile,despite the first injection causing leak paths in the clay layer,the generated small mass of gas from the second and third injections can further trigger the landslide.A dynamic theoretical analysis of the slope failure is carried out and the required minimum pore-gas pressure for the landslide is calculated.The mass and pressure of generated gas in the model test are also estimated based on the calibration test for oxygen generation from H_(2)O_(2)solution in cement powder.The results indicate that the minimum mass of the generated gas for triggering the landslide is 2 ppm to 0.07%of the landslide body.Furthermore,the small mass of gas can provide sufficient pressure to cause soil upheaval and soil sliding in dynamic analysis.展开更多
We are using the book “Towards Quantum Gravity” with an article by Claus Kiefer as to a quantum gravity interpretation of the density matrix in the early universe. The density matrix we are using is a one loop appro...We are using the book “Towards Quantum Gravity” with an article by Claus Kiefer as to a quantum gravity interpretation of the density matrix in the early universe. The density matrix we are using is a one loop approximation, with inflaton value and potential terms, like V (phi) using the Padmanabhan values one can expect if the scale factor is a ~a (Initial) times t <sup>^</sup> gamma. In doing so, we identify two time steps and presume a very small initial time step candidates initial time values which are from a polynomial for time values. A gravity wave analysis concludes our article with inflaton decay, which is finally linked to BHs. And then finally we show using work done by Hawking, <i>et al</i>. how this may give us Planck Sized Black Holes, in the onset of Inflation, with resulting consequences so outlined. A vastly simplified proof of BH masses of Planck mass is presented which ties in directly with issues of the mass of the inflaton initially generated by the 2<sup>nd</sup> derivative of the effective potential V (phi) at a time t ~4 times Planck time. And we include at the close questions as to DE, and data sets which may give credence to speculation as to different time flow rates at the start and then the conclusion later on, of expansion of our universe. The DE would be created by the breakup of the black holes due to a mechanism brought up by Dr. Freeze in 2012, and we also are using the future works section 8 to define the contours of our DE model which builds upon quite directly the sequence of material from pages 1 to 9 which are cited as to making connection between early universe conditions and the ideas of primordial DE models.展开更多
The goal of the present paper is to expand already published works in the frame of＂Banded speed cosmology＂ （BSC）. In particular this paper gives validated values for physical quantities not so far investigated in ...The goal of the present paper is to expand already published works in the frame of＂Banded speed cosmology＂ （BSC）. In particular this paper gives validated values for physical quantities not so far investigated in previous publications, i.e., the number of individual physical entity in the universe, as well as the maximum value for acceleration. Validates values mean identical quantities from a numerical point of view obtained with different theoretical procedures, additionally compared with data based on NASA observations with Planck probe.展开更多
Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. Next, we propose an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among...Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. Next, we propose an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among these empirical equations, the CMB temperature (Tc) and gravitational constant (G) were calculated to be 2.726312 K and 6.673778 × 10−11 m3∙kg−1∙s−2, respectively. Every equation can be explained numerically in terms of the Compton length of an electron (λe), the Compton length of a proton (λp) and α. Furthermore, every equation can also be explained in terms of the Avogadro number and the number of electrons at 1 C. We show that every equation can be described in terms of the Planck constant. Then, the ratio of the gravitational force to the electric force can be uniquely determined with the assumption of minimum mass. In this report, we describe the algorithms used to explain these equations in detail. Thus, there are no dimension mismatch problems.展开更多
Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. Next, we propose an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among...Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. Next, we propose an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among these empirical equations, the CMB temperature (T<sub>c</sub>) and gravitational constant (G) were calculated to be 2.726312 K and 6.673778 × 10<sup>−11</sup> m<sup>3</sup>∙kg<sup>−1</sup>∙s<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Every equation could be explained in terms of the Compton length of an electron (λ<sub>e</sub>), the Compton length of a proton (λ<sub>p</sub>) and a. Furthermore, every equation could also be explained in terms of Avogadro’s number and the number of electrons in 1 C. However, the ratio of the gravitational force to the electric force cannot be uniquely determined when the unit of the Planck constant (Js) is changed. In this study, we showed that every equation can be described in terms of Planck constant. From the assumption of minimum mass, the ratio of gravitational force to electric force could be elucidated.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.HKU 17207518).
文摘This paper presents a dynamic modeling method to test and examine the minimum mass of pressurized pore-gas for triggering landslides in stable gentle soil slopes.A stable gentle soil slope model is constructed with a dry cement powder core,a saturated clay middle layer,and a dry sand upper layer.The test injects H_(2)O_(2)solution into the cement core to produce new pore-gas.The model test includes three identical H_(2)O_(2)injections.The small mass of generated oxygen gas(0.07%of slope soil mass and landslide body)from the first injection can build sufficient pore-gas pressure to cause soil upheaval and slide.Meanwhile,despite the first injection causing leak paths in the clay layer,the generated small mass of gas from the second and third injections can further trigger the landslide.A dynamic theoretical analysis of the slope failure is carried out and the required minimum pore-gas pressure for the landslide is calculated.The mass and pressure of generated gas in the model test are also estimated based on the calibration test for oxygen generation from H_(2)O_(2)solution in cement powder.The results indicate that the minimum mass of the generated gas for triggering the landslide is 2 ppm to 0.07%of the landslide body.Furthermore,the small mass of gas can provide sufficient pressure to cause soil upheaval and soil sliding in dynamic analysis.
文摘We are using the book “Towards Quantum Gravity” with an article by Claus Kiefer as to a quantum gravity interpretation of the density matrix in the early universe. The density matrix we are using is a one loop approximation, with inflaton value and potential terms, like V (phi) using the Padmanabhan values one can expect if the scale factor is a ~a (Initial) times t <sup>^</sup> gamma. In doing so, we identify two time steps and presume a very small initial time step candidates initial time values which are from a polynomial for time values. A gravity wave analysis concludes our article with inflaton decay, which is finally linked to BHs. And then finally we show using work done by Hawking, <i>et al</i>. how this may give us Planck Sized Black Holes, in the onset of Inflation, with resulting consequences so outlined. A vastly simplified proof of BH masses of Planck mass is presented which ties in directly with issues of the mass of the inflaton initially generated by the 2<sup>nd</sup> derivative of the effective potential V (phi) at a time t ~4 times Planck time. And we include at the close questions as to DE, and data sets which may give credence to speculation as to different time flow rates at the start and then the conclusion later on, of expansion of our universe. The DE would be created by the breakup of the black holes due to a mechanism brought up by Dr. Freeze in 2012, and we also are using the future works section 8 to define the contours of our DE model which builds upon quite directly the sequence of material from pages 1 to 9 which are cited as to making connection between early universe conditions and the ideas of primordial DE models.
文摘The goal of the present paper is to expand already published works in the frame of＂Banded speed cosmology＂ （BSC）. In particular this paper gives validated values for physical quantities not so far investigated in previous publications, i.e., the number of individual physical entity in the universe, as well as the maximum value for acceleration. Validates values mean identical quantities from a numerical point of view obtained with different theoretical procedures, additionally compared with data based on NASA observations with Planck probe.
文摘Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. Next, we propose an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among these empirical equations, the CMB temperature (Tc) and gravitational constant (G) were calculated to be 2.726312 K and 6.673778 × 10−11 m3∙kg−1∙s−2, respectively. Every equation can be explained numerically in terms of the Compton length of an electron (λe), the Compton length of a proton (λp) and α. Furthermore, every equation can also be explained in terms of the Avogadro number and the number of electrons at 1 C. We show that every equation can be described in terms of the Planck constant. Then, the ratio of the gravitational force to the electric force can be uniquely determined with the assumption of minimum mass. In this report, we describe the algorithms used to explain these equations in detail. Thus, there are no dimension mismatch problems.
文摘Previously, we presented several empirical equations using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. Next, we propose an empirical equation for the fine-structure constant. Considering the compatibility among these empirical equations, the CMB temperature (T<sub>c</sub>) and gravitational constant (G) were calculated to be 2.726312 K and 6.673778 × 10<sup>−11</sup> m<sup>3</sup>∙kg<sup>−1</sup>∙s<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Every equation could be explained in terms of the Compton length of an electron (λ<sub>e</sub>), the Compton length of a proton (λ<sub>p</sub>) and a. Furthermore, every equation could also be explained in terms of Avogadro’s number and the number of electrons in 1 C. However, the ratio of the gravitational force to the electric force cannot be uniquely determined when the unit of the Planck constant (Js) is changed. In this study, we showed that every equation can be described in terms of Planck constant. From the assumption of minimum mass, the ratio of gravitational force to electric force could be elucidated.
