Opencast coal mining has a large impact on the land surface,both at the mining pits themselves and at waste sites.After artifcial management is stopped,a reclaimed opencast coal mine dump is afected by wind and water ...Opencast coal mining has a large impact on the land surface,both at the mining pits themselves and at waste sites.After artifcial management is stopped,a reclaimed opencast coal mine dump is afected by wind and water erosion from natural processes,resulting in land degradation and even safety incidents.In this paper,the soil erosion and land degradation after 5 years of such natural processes,at the Xilinhot opencast coal mine dump in Inner Mongolia,were investigated.A multisource data acquisition method was applied:the vegetation fraction coverage(VFC)was extracted from GF-1 satellite imagery,high-precision terrain characteristics and the location and degree of soil erosion were obtained using a drone,and the physical properties of the topsoil were obtained by feld sampling.On this basis,the degree and spatial distribution of erosion cracks were identifed,and the causes of soil erosion and land degradation were analyzed using the geographical detector.The results show that(1)multi-source data acquisition method can provide efective basic data for the quantitative evaluation of the ecological environment at dumps,and(2)slope aspect and VFC are the main factors afecting the degree of degradation and soil erosion.Based on above analysis,several countermeasures are proposed to mitigate land degradation:(1)The windward slope be designed to imitate the natural landform.(2)Reasonable engineering measures should be applied at the slope to restrain soil erosion.(3)The Pioneer plants should be widely planted on the platform at the early stage of reclamation.展开更多
Artificial vegetation restoration is the main measure for vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation in alpine mine dumps on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.However,there are few reports on the dynamic cha...Artificial vegetation restoration is the main measure for vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation in alpine mine dumps on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.However,there are few reports on the dynamic changes and the influencing factors of the soil reinforcement effect of plant species after artificial vegetation restoration under different recovery periods.We selected dump areas of the Delni Copper Mine in Qinghai Province,China to study the relationship between the shear strength and the peak displacement of the root-soil composite on the slope during the recovery period,and the influence of the root traits and soil physical properties on the shear resistance characteristics of the root-soil composite via in situ direct shear tests.The results indicate that the shear strength and peak displacement of the rooted soil initially decreased and then increased with the increase of the recovery period.The shear strength of the rooted soil and the recovery period exhibited a quadratic function relationship.There is no significant function relationship between the peak displacement and the recovery period.Significant positive correlations(P<0.05)exists between the shear strength of the root-soil composite and the root biomass density,root volume density,and root area ratio,and they show significant linear correlations(P<0.05).There are no significant correlations(P>0.05)between the shear strength of the root-soil composite and the root length density,and the root volume ratio of the coarse roots to the fine roots.A significant negative linear correlation(P<0.05)exists between the peak displacement of the rooted soil and the coarse-grain content,but no significant correlations(P>0.05)with the root traits,other soil physical property indices(the moisture content and dry density of the soil),and slope gradient.The coarse-grain content is the main factor controlling the peak displacement of the rooted soil.展开更多
With the gradual development of national economy, the mining task of coal mining industry has become more and more heavy. The demand for the mine wide body dump truck is also surging, promoting the rapid progress and ...With the gradual development of national economy, the mining task of coal mining industry has become more and more heavy. The demand for the mine wide body dump truck is also surging, promoting the rapid progress and development of the mine wide-body mine dump truck. However, the current hydraulic steering system still has high failure rate, vehicle steering system involves the safety of the driver, so people attach great importance to it. It is an important way to find and judge the possible failure points in advance and solve them pertinently. In this paper, the failure of hydraulic steering system is analyzed and the corresponding solutions are put forward.展开更多
Based on the externality theory and the environmental value theory, the hypothesis of charging for waste dumping of open-pit metal mines was put forth. The charging methods were designed according to the characteristi...Based on the externality theory and the environmental value theory, the hypothesis of charging for waste dumping of open-pit metal mines was put forth. The charging methods were designed according to the characteristics of waste dumping of openpit metal mines, including charging based on the dumping amount of the total waste, multi-charging factors, exceeding standard punishment charging, and so on. The main charging parameter is based on the dumping area rather than the total amount of waste dumping. The charging model of waste dumping of open-pit mines was formulated, and the charging rate was divided into two parts, i.e., the standard charging rate and the differential charging rate. The standard charging rate was derived using the equilibrium dynamic model, whereas the differential one was obtained by establishing the fuzzy synthesized evaluation model.展开更多
Legacy mine shafts and waste dumps in the Witwatersrand continue to create social and environmental challenges for communities, even in areas where gold mining ceased over 100 years ago. The slow pace of eradication o...Legacy mine shafts and waste dumps in the Witwatersrand continue to create social and environmental challenges for communities, even in areas where gold mining ceased over 100 years ago. The slow pace of eradication of these gold mine shafts and waste dumps (or lack thereof) results in conflict between the communities and authorities, particularly the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) as the relevant authority in the field of environmental management in mining. This paper examines, through a literature review, the past and present legislative framework that resulted in legacy mine shafts and dumps and how communities find themselves living next to these mine sites, which results in social and environmental problems. The paper further explores the governments, particularly the DMRE, proposed initiatives to empower those who intend to extract value from the abandoned mines while curbing the scourge of crime in affected communities.展开更多
In next two years, the current waste dump of Narynsukhait coal mine is predicted insufficient to accommodate the overburden as limited of the waste dump capacity. Thus, redesigning waste dump is paramount to increase ...In next two years, the current waste dump of Narynsukhait coal mine is predicted insufficient to accommodate the overburden as limited of the waste dump capacity. Thus, redesigning waste dump is paramount to increase capacity of the dump in future. This paper describes current condition of waste dump of Narynsukhait coal mine and then discusses the optimization of waste dump geometry by analyzing the effect of different waste dump’s bench configuration on slope performance. Optimization of the geometry is carried out by investigating and comparing the performance of geometrical combinations of bench height, bench angles and number of safety berm by means of numerical modeling. The model shows that increasing height of bench is able to induce shear stress in the bench and may initiate bench instable. However, the shear stress can be limited by having safety berm and/or reducing bench angle to satisfy the stability criteria.展开更多
目的:探究不同煤矿石山生态修复性种植水稻方式的土壤固碳潜力与稳定性。方法:在研究区域进行水稻种植生态修复工程。选择的第一种水稻种植生态修复工程为鱼-鸭-稻复合生态系统,选择的第二种水稻种植生态修复工程为轮作种植,包括水稻-...目的:探究不同煤矿石山生态修复性种植水稻方式的土壤固碳潜力与稳定性。方法:在研究区域进行水稻种植生态修复工程。选择的第一种水稻种植生态修复工程为鱼-鸭-稻复合生态系统,选择的第二种水稻种植生态修复工程为轮作种植,包括水稻-绿肥轮作、水稻-油菜轮作、水稻-豆科作物轮作。结果:水稻-油菜轮作固碳潜力最佳,其次为水稻-豆科(2.078 t C/hm^(2))、水稻-绿肥。鱼-鸭-稻修复后平均固碳潜力为1.09 t C/hm^(2),低于全部轮作方式,固碳潜力提升效果逊色。轮作方式土壤固碳稳定性指数更高,其中水稻-油菜轮作最高,豆科最低。鱼-鸭-稻系统通过生态协同作用,促进了惰性碳库与稳定碳库积累,能够提升土壤固碳稳定性指数,但提升幅度低于轮作方式。结论:轮作方式的土壤固碳潜力与稳定性更高,其中水稻-油菜轮作为最佳轮作方式。通过煤矿石山生态修复性种植水稻方式能够大幅提升土壤固碳潜力与稳定性。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0501103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.420701250].
文摘Opencast coal mining has a large impact on the land surface,both at the mining pits themselves and at waste sites.After artifcial management is stopped,a reclaimed opencast coal mine dump is afected by wind and water erosion from natural processes,resulting in land degradation and even safety incidents.In this paper,the soil erosion and land degradation after 5 years of such natural processes,at the Xilinhot opencast coal mine dump in Inner Mongolia,were investigated.A multisource data acquisition method was applied:the vegetation fraction coverage(VFC)was extracted from GF-1 satellite imagery,high-precision terrain characteristics and the location and degree of soil erosion were obtained using a drone,and the physical properties of the topsoil were obtained by feld sampling.On this basis,the degree and spatial distribution of erosion cracks were identifed,and the causes of soil erosion and land degradation were analyzed using the geographical detector.The results show that(1)multi-source data acquisition method can provide efective basic data for the quantitative evaluation of the ecological environment at dumps,and(2)slope aspect and VFC are the main factors afecting the degree of degradation and soil erosion.Based on above analysis,several countermeasures are proposed to mitigate land degradation:(1)The windward slope be designed to imitate the natural landform.(2)Reasonable engineering measures should be applied at the slope to restrain soil erosion.(3)The Pioneer plants should be widely planted on the platform at the early stage of reclamation.
基金supported by the Project of Qinghai Science&Technology Department(Grant No.2021-ZJ-956Q).
文摘Artificial vegetation restoration is the main measure for vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation in alpine mine dumps on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.However,there are few reports on the dynamic changes and the influencing factors of the soil reinforcement effect of plant species after artificial vegetation restoration under different recovery periods.We selected dump areas of the Delni Copper Mine in Qinghai Province,China to study the relationship between the shear strength and the peak displacement of the root-soil composite on the slope during the recovery period,and the influence of the root traits and soil physical properties on the shear resistance characteristics of the root-soil composite via in situ direct shear tests.The results indicate that the shear strength and peak displacement of the rooted soil initially decreased and then increased with the increase of the recovery period.The shear strength of the rooted soil and the recovery period exhibited a quadratic function relationship.There is no significant function relationship between the peak displacement and the recovery period.Significant positive correlations(P<0.05)exists between the shear strength of the root-soil composite and the root biomass density,root volume density,and root area ratio,and they show significant linear correlations(P<0.05).There are no significant correlations(P>0.05)between the shear strength of the root-soil composite and the root length density,and the root volume ratio of the coarse roots to the fine roots.A significant negative linear correlation(P<0.05)exists between the peak displacement of the rooted soil and the coarse-grain content,but no significant correlations(P>0.05)with the root traits,other soil physical property indices(the moisture content and dry density of the soil),and slope gradient.The coarse-grain content is the main factor controlling the peak displacement of the rooted soil.
文摘With the gradual development of national economy, the mining task of coal mining industry has become more and more heavy. The demand for the mine wide body dump truck is also surging, promoting the rapid progress and development of the mine wide-body mine dump truck. However, the current hydraulic steering system still has high failure rate, vehicle steering system involves the safety of the driver, so people attach great importance to it. It is an important way to find and judge the possible failure points in advance and solve them pertinently. In this paper, the failure of hydraulic steering system is analyzed and the corresponding solutions are put forward.
文摘Based on the externality theory and the environmental value theory, the hypothesis of charging for waste dumping of open-pit metal mines was put forth. The charging methods were designed according to the characteristics of waste dumping of openpit metal mines, including charging based on the dumping amount of the total waste, multi-charging factors, exceeding standard punishment charging, and so on. The main charging parameter is based on the dumping area rather than the total amount of waste dumping. The charging model of waste dumping of open-pit mines was formulated, and the charging rate was divided into two parts, i.e., the standard charging rate and the differential charging rate. The standard charging rate was derived using the equilibrium dynamic model, whereas the differential one was obtained by establishing the fuzzy synthesized evaluation model.
文摘Legacy mine shafts and waste dumps in the Witwatersrand continue to create social and environmental challenges for communities, even in areas where gold mining ceased over 100 years ago. The slow pace of eradication of these gold mine shafts and waste dumps (or lack thereof) results in conflict between the communities and authorities, particularly the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) as the relevant authority in the field of environmental management in mining. This paper examines, through a literature review, the past and present legislative framework that resulted in legacy mine shafts and dumps and how communities find themselves living next to these mine sites, which results in social and environmental problems. The paper further explores the governments, particularly the DMRE, proposed initiatives to empower those who intend to extract value from the abandoned mines while curbing the scourge of crime in affected communities.
文摘In next two years, the current waste dump of Narynsukhait coal mine is predicted insufficient to accommodate the overburden as limited of the waste dump capacity. Thus, redesigning waste dump is paramount to increase capacity of the dump in future. This paper describes current condition of waste dump of Narynsukhait coal mine and then discusses the optimization of waste dump geometry by analyzing the effect of different waste dump’s bench configuration on slope performance. Optimization of the geometry is carried out by investigating and comparing the performance of geometrical combinations of bench height, bench angles and number of safety berm by means of numerical modeling. The model shows that increasing height of bench is able to induce shear stress in the bench and may initiate bench instable. However, the shear stress can be limited by having safety berm and/or reducing bench angle to satisfy the stability criteria.
文摘目的:探究不同煤矿石山生态修复性种植水稻方式的土壤固碳潜力与稳定性。方法:在研究区域进行水稻种植生态修复工程。选择的第一种水稻种植生态修复工程为鱼-鸭-稻复合生态系统,选择的第二种水稻种植生态修复工程为轮作种植,包括水稻-绿肥轮作、水稻-油菜轮作、水稻-豆科作物轮作。结果:水稻-油菜轮作固碳潜力最佳,其次为水稻-豆科(2.078 t C/hm^(2))、水稻-绿肥。鱼-鸭-稻修复后平均固碳潜力为1.09 t C/hm^(2),低于全部轮作方式,固碳潜力提升效果逊色。轮作方式土壤固碳稳定性指数更高,其中水稻-油菜轮作最高,豆科最低。鱼-鸭-稻系统通过生态协同作用,促进了惰性碳库与稳定碳库积累,能够提升土壤固碳稳定性指数,但提升幅度低于轮作方式。结论:轮作方式的土壤固碳潜力与稳定性更高,其中水稻-油菜轮作为最佳轮作方式。通过煤矿石山生态修复性种植水稻方式能够大幅提升土壤固碳潜力与稳定性。
