The effort on electrochemical reduction of COto useful chemicals using the renewable energy to drive the process is growing fast recently. In this review, we introduce the recent progresses on the electrochemical redu...The effort on electrochemical reduction of COto useful chemicals using the renewable energy to drive the process is growing fast recently. In this review, we introduce the recent progresses on the electrochemical reduction of COin solid oxide electrolysis cells（SOECs）. At high temperature, only CO is produced with high current densities and Faradic efficiency while the reactor is complicated and a better sealing technique is urgently needed. The typical electrolytes such as zirconia-based oxides, ceria-based oxides and lanthanum gallates-based oxides, anodes and cathodes are introduced in this review, and the cathode materials, such as conventional metal–ceramics（cermets）, mixed ionic and electronic conductors（MIECs） are discussed in detail. In the future, to gain more value-added products, the electrolyte, cathode and anode materials should be developed to allow SOECs to be operated at temperature range of 573–873 K. At those temperatures, SOECs may combine the advantages of the low temperature system and the high temperature system to produce various products with high current densities.展开更多
Mixed ionic-electronic conductors(MIECs)play a crucial role in the landscape of energy conversion and storage technologies,with a pronounced focus on electrode materials’application in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)an...Mixed ionic-electronic conductors(MIECs)play a crucial role in the landscape of energy conversion and storage technologies,with a pronounced focus on electrode materials’application in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and proton-conducting ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs).In parallel,the emergence of semiconductor ionic materials(SIMs)has introduced a new paradigm in the field of functional materials,particularly for both electrode and electrolyte development for low-temperature,300–550℃,SOFCs,and PCFCs.This review article critically delves into the intricate mechanisms underpinning the synergistic relationship between MIECs and SIMs,with a particular emphasis on elucidating the fundamental working principles of semiconductor ionic membrane fuel cells(SIMFCs).By exploring critical facets such as ion-coupled electron transfer/transport,junction effect,energy bands alignment,and theoretical computations,it casts an illuminating spotlight on the transformative potential of MIECs,also involving triple charge conducting oxides(TCOs)in the context of SIMs and advanced fuel cells(FCs).The insights and findings articulated herein contribute substantially to the advancement of SIMs and SIMFCs by tailoring MIECs(TCOs)as promising avenues toward the emergence of high-performance SIMFCs.This scientific quest not only addresses the insistent challenges surrounding efficient charge transfer,ionic transport and power output but also unlocks the profound potential for the widespread commercialization of FC technology.展开更多
Rare-earth elements(REs)based oxide ion conductors show promising performance and potential applications in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs).To meet the requirements of intermediate-temperature(IT)SOFCs operating in the ...Rare-earth elements(REs)based oxide ion conductors show promising performance and potential applications in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs).To meet the requirements of intermediate-temperature(IT)SOFCs operating in the range of 600–800℃,oxide ion conductors with various structures were developed and summarized here,namely,pure oxide ion conductors and mixed oxide ionic and electronic conductors(MIECs).For the former,their structures range from traditional structure types(perovskite,fluorite,etc.)to new structures with isolated polyhedral units.For MIECs,perovskite and related structures have dominated this field due to their high oxide ion and electronic conductivities.Among these oxide ion conductors,REs play a crucial role in the modification of the structure and performances due to their unique characters,such as lanthanide contraction effect and stable valence(+3).This review emphasizes the structure–performance relationships among the REs.Furthermore,challenges particularly towards obtaining high oxide ion conductivity at low temperatures for lowering the operating temperature and thereby enhancing the device performance,and future prospects of RE-based oxide ion conductors are also discussed,together with advanced research techniques and new research directions being the possible strategies to overcome these challenges.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91545202)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB17020400)
文摘The effort on electrochemical reduction of COto useful chemicals using the renewable energy to drive the process is growing fast recently. In this review, we introduce the recent progresses on the electrochemical reduction of COin solid oxide electrolysis cells（SOECs）. At high temperature, only CO is produced with high current densities and Faradic efficiency while the reactor is complicated and a better sealing technique is urgently needed. The typical electrolytes such as zirconia-based oxides, ceria-based oxides and lanthanum gallates-based oxides, anodes and cathodes are introduced in this review, and the cathode materials, such as conventional metal–ceramics（cermets）, mixed ionic and electronic conductors（MIECs） are discussed in detail. In the future, to gain more value-added products, the electrolyte, cathode and anode materials should be developed to allow SOECs to be operated at temperature range of 573–873 K. At those temperatures, SOECs may combine the advantages of the low temperature system and the high temperature system to produce various products with high current densities.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province under Grant(BE2022029)Jiangsu Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Program(JSSCRC2021491)+3 种基金Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of Shaanxi Province(2019KWZ-03)Key Program for Nature Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2019JZ-20)Key Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2022TD-34)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant(IS23050)is greatly acknowledged.
文摘Mixed ionic-electronic conductors(MIECs)play a crucial role in the landscape of energy conversion and storage technologies,with a pronounced focus on electrode materials’application in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and proton-conducting ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs).In parallel,the emergence of semiconductor ionic materials(SIMs)has introduced a new paradigm in the field of functional materials,particularly for both electrode and electrolyte development for low-temperature,300–550℃,SOFCs,and PCFCs.This review article critically delves into the intricate mechanisms underpinning the synergistic relationship between MIECs and SIMs,with a particular emphasis on elucidating the fundamental working principles of semiconductor ionic membrane fuel cells(SIMFCs).By exploring critical facets such as ion-coupled electron transfer/transport,junction effect,energy bands alignment,and theoretical computations,it casts an illuminating spotlight on the transformative potential of MIECs,also involving triple charge conducting oxides(TCOs)in the context of SIMs and advanced fuel cells(FCs).The insights and findings articulated herein contribute substantially to the advancement of SIMs and SIMFCs by tailoring MIECs(TCOs)as promising avenues toward the emergence of high-performance SIMFCs.This scientific quest not only addresses the insistent challenges surrounding efficient charge transfer,ionic transport and power output but also unlocks the profound potential for the widespread commercialization of FC technology.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2016YFA0301004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21527803,21871009,and 21621061)funding from the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2019GXNSFGA245006).
文摘Rare-earth elements(REs)based oxide ion conductors show promising performance and potential applications in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs).To meet the requirements of intermediate-temperature(IT)SOFCs operating in the range of 600–800℃,oxide ion conductors with various structures were developed and summarized here,namely,pure oxide ion conductors and mixed oxide ionic and electronic conductors(MIECs).For the former,their structures range from traditional structure types(perovskite,fluorite,etc.)to new structures with isolated polyhedral units.For MIECs,perovskite and related structures have dominated this field due to their high oxide ion and electronic conductivities.Among these oxide ion conductors,REs play a crucial role in the modification of the structure and performances due to their unique characters,such as lanthanide contraction effect and stable valence(+3).This review emphasizes the structure–performance relationships among the REs.Furthermore,challenges particularly towards obtaining high oxide ion conductivity at low temperatures for lowering the operating temperature and thereby enhancing the device performance,and future prospects of RE-based oxide ion conductors are also discussed,together with advanced research techniques and new research directions being the possible strategies to overcome these challenges.
