Three characteristic points in the deformation history of a fractured tensile specimen are selected tocalculate two values of n( n1 and n2 ) to represent the hardening ability of material during the homogeneous plas-t...Three characteristic points in the deformation history of a fractured tensile specimen are selected tocalculate two values of n( n1 and n2 ) to represent the hardening ability of material during the homogeneous plas-tic deformation and the following large plastic deformation. Experimental results obtained with mild streel andred copper show that n determined using the three-point method proposed is better to describe the hardening a-bility of material. It is therefore concluded that three-point method can be used to describe the hardening prop-erty of material during both homogeneous deformation and large plastic deformation.展开更多
Roof pre-splitting is an effective method to control the roof with potential rock burst risk.In this study,three-point bending tests were carried out by using fine sandstone specimens with different pre-cracked length...Roof pre-splitting is an effective method to control the roof with potential rock burst risk.In this study,three-point bending tests were carried out by using fine sandstone specimens with different pre-cracked lengths as test objects,and digital speckle correlation method(DSCM)and acoustic emission(AE)technology were used to track the entire process of crack propagation.The effect of pre-cracks on the fracture of rock beams was evaluated,and the mechanical mechanism of the rock beam fracture process was analyzed.The rock beam pre-splitting design method was developed,and the application effect of the method was proved by the microseismic monitoring data obtained from the 10303 working face of Jining No.2 coal mine in China.The results show that the loading time history curve of pre-cracked beams exhibits obvious residual characteristics.Compared with the intact rock beam,the tensile strength,and maximum tensile strain of 35 mm pre-cracked rock beam are decreased by 32.4% and 33.1%,respectively and the acoustic emission b value is increased by 30.2%.According to the pre-splitting design method of rock beam,the maximum and average microseismic energy of the 10303 working face after pre-splitting construction are reduced by 25.6% and 6.4%,respectively,with excellent prevention and control effect of thick roof.展开更多
The mechanical properties and fracturing mechanism of shale containing beddings are critically important in shale gas exploitation and wellbore stability.To investigate the effects of shale bedding on crack behavior a...The mechanical properties and fracturing mechanism of shale containing beddings are critically important in shale gas exploitation and wellbore stability.To investigate the effects of shale bedding on crack behavior and fracturing mechanism,scanning electron microscope(SEM)with a loading system was employed to carry out three-point bending tests on Longmaxi outcrop shale.The crack initiation and propagation of Longmaxi shale were observed and recorded by taking photos during loading.The cracking paths were extracted to calculate the crack length through a MATLAB program.The peak load,fracture toughness and fracture energy all increase with the bedding angle from 0°to 90°.The crack length and energy were also found to increase with the bedding angle in the range of 0°-600 and then drop slightly.The fracturing mechanism of shale includes the main crack affected by the bedding angle and disturbed by randomly distributed particles.The main cracking path was accompanied by several microcrack branches which could form an interconnected crack system.When the main crack encounters larger sedimentary particles,it will deflect around the particles and then restore to the initial direction.A numerical technique using extended finite element method(XFEM)coupled with anisotropic cohesive damage criteria was developed,which is able to capture the dependence of crack propagations on bedding angle and sedimentary particles.This study sheds light on understanding and predicting mesoscale fracture behavior of shale with different bedding angles.展开更多
The Photovoltaic Array has a best optimal operating point where the array operating can obtain the maximum power.However, the optimal operating point can be compromised by the strength of solar radiation,angle,and by ...The Photovoltaic Array has a best optimal operating point where the array operating can obtain the maximum power.However, the optimal operating point can be compromised by the strength of solar radiation,angle,and by the change of environment and load.Due to the constant changes in these conditions,it has become very difficult to locate the optimal operating point by following a mathematical model.Therefore,this study will focus mostly on the application of Fuzzy Logic Control theory and Three-point Weight Comparison Method in effort to locate the optimal operating point of solar panel and achieve maximum efficiency in power generation. The Three-point Weight Comparison Method is the comparison between the characteristic curves of the voltage of photovoltaic array and output power;it is a rather simple way to track the maximum power.The Fuzzy Logic Control,on the other hand,can be used to solve problems that cannot be effectively dealt with by calculation rules,such as concepts,contemplation, deductive reasoning,and identification.Therefore,this paper uses these two kinds of methods to make simulation successively. The simulation results show that,the Three-point Comparison Method is more effective under the environment with more frequent change of solar radiation;however,the Fuzzy Logic Control has better tacking efficiency under the environment with violent change of solar radiation.展开更多
In this paper, existence of solutions of third-order differential equation y′″（t）=f（t,y（t）,y′（t）,y″（t））with nonlinear three-point boundary condition{g（y（a）,y′（a）,y″（a））=0, h（y（b）,y′（b））=...In this paper, existence of solutions of third-order differential equation y′″（t）=f（t,y（t）,y′（t）,y″（t））with nonlinear three-point boundary condition{g（y（a）,y′（a）,y″（a））=0, h（y（b）,y′（b））=0, I（y（c）,y′（c）,y″（c））=0is obtained by embedding Leray-Schauder degree theory in upper and lower solutions method,where a, b, c∈ R,a〈 b〈 c; f ： [a,c]×R^3→R,g：R^3→R,h：R^2→R and I：R^3→R are continuous functions. The existence result is obtained by defining the suitable upper and lower solutions and introducing an appropriate auxiliary boundary value problem. As an application, an example with an explicit solution is given to demonstrate the validity of the results in this paper.展开更多
The real-time monitoring of the load in farming by the sensor installed on the tractor's three-point hitch can effectively improve the farming efficiency and force-position combined control,reduce the compaction r...The real-time monitoring of the load in farming by the sensor installed on the tractor's three-point hitch can effectively improve the farming efficiency and force-position combined control,reduce the compaction risk of the wheel on the soil and reduce the fuel consumption in farming process.However,the measurement and quantification of the loads on the three-point hitch have some problems remaining unresolved:testing the accuracy and reliability of a load measuring system is hard when the tractor works in a field,the mathematical model of spatial forces usually lacks a practical and effective validation,and the calibration process of the measurement system is inconvenient and incomplete while easily causing a low accuracy.Specifically,this paper builds a new spatial-force mathematical model based on the geometry of a three-point hitch.To eliminate the discrepancy of the geometric model with the actual structure and to refine the mathematical model,a calibration process is conducted by developing a calibration bench,which is equipped with a data acquisition system and a multi-parameter monitoring interface.The three-point hitch installed on this calibration bench is subject to steady-state loading.The loading force,angle of the lower drawbar,and three-component forces(three shaft pin sensors’forces)of the three-point hitch are well measured.With applying for the measured data to calibrate the theoretical mathematic model eventually derives the resultant force from all the three-component forces,a dynamical loading bench was developed to test the calculated resultant force for the three-point hitch during the sinusoidal and randomly variant dynamical loadings tests.A hitch force measurement system is also developed to collect real-time data and calculate the resultant force of measured three-component forces through the calibrated mathematical model.The results of the dynamical loading tests show that the average relative error MRE=1.09%with an average force measurement time delay beingΔt=0.5 s,the root mean square error RMSE=59.3 N,and the coefficient of determination R2=0.9903.As observed,the shape and the trend of the generated resultant force curve are basically the dynamical loading force.The dynamical loading test proves the high efficacy and reliability of the proposed indoor calibration method for calculating the load based on the three-component forces as measured on the three-point hitch.Besides,the preliminary study of the proposed method on the hitch load provides great potential to improve the indoor six-component measurement and quantification of both the force and momentum acting on the three-point hitch.展开更多
文摘Three characteristic points in the deformation history of a fractured tensile specimen are selected tocalculate two values of n( n1 and n2 ) to represent the hardening ability of material during the homogeneous plas-tic deformation and the following large plastic deformation. Experimental results obtained with mild streel andred copper show that n determined using the three-point method proposed is better to describe the hardening a-bility of material. It is therefore concluded that three-point method can be used to describe the hardening prop-erty of material during both homogeneous deformation and large plastic deformation.
基金Project(2019SDZY02)supported by Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Provincial Key Research Development Program,ChinaProject(ZR2019ZD13)supported by Major Program of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(52274086)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Roof pre-splitting is an effective method to control the roof with potential rock burst risk.In this study,three-point bending tests were carried out by using fine sandstone specimens with different pre-cracked lengths as test objects,and digital speckle correlation method(DSCM)and acoustic emission(AE)technology were used to track the entire process of crack propagation.The effect of pre-cracks on the fracture of rock beams was evaluated,and the mechanical mechanism of the rock beam fracture process was analyzed.The rock beam pre-splitting design method was developed,and the application effect of the method was proved by the microseismic monitoring data obtained from the 10303 working face of Jining No.2 coal mine in China.The results show that the loading time history curve of pre-cracked beams exhibits obvious residual characteristics.Compared with the intact rock beam,the tensile strength,and maximum tensile strain of 35 mm pre-cracked rock beam are decreased by 32.4% and 33.1%,respectively and the acoustic emission b value is increased by 30.2%.According to the pre-splitting design method of rock beam,the maximum and average microseismic energy of the 10303 working face after pre-splitting construction are reduced by 25.6% and 6.4%,respectively,with excellent prevention and control effect of thick roof.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41877257)Beijing OutstandingYoung Scientist Program(Grant No.BJJWZYJH01201911413037)+1 种基金Shaanxi Coal Group Key Project(Grant No.2018SMHKJA-J-03)Yueqi outstanding scholar Award Program by China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),China。
文摘The mechanical properties and fracturing mechanism of shale containing beddings are critically important in shale gas exploitation and wellbore stability.To investigate the effects of shale bedding on crack behavior and fracturing mechanism,scanning electron microscope(SEM)with a loading system was employed to carry out three-point bending tests on Longmaxi outcrop shale.The crack initiation and propagation of Longmaxi shale were observed and recorded by taking photos during loading.The cracking paths were extracted to calculate the crack length through a MATLAB program.The peak load,fracture toughness and fracture energy all increase with the bedding angle from 0°to 90°.The crack length and energy were also found to increase with the bedding angle in the range of 0°-600 and then drop slightly.The fracturing mechanism of shale includes the main crack affected by the bedding angle and disturbed by randomly distributed particles.The main cracking path was accompanied by several microcrack branches which could form an interconnected crack system.When the main crack encounters larger sedimentary particles,it will deflect around the particles and then restore to the initial direction.A numerical technique using extended finite element method(XFEM)coupled with anisotropic cohesive damage criteria was developed,which is able to capture the dependence of crack propagations on bedding angle and sedimentary particles.This study sheds light on understanding and predicting mesoscale fracture behavior of shale with different bedding angles.
文摘The Photovoltaic Array has a best optimal operating point where the array operating can obtain the maximum power.However, the optimal operating point can be compromised by the strength of solar radiation,angle,and by the change of environment and load.Due to the constant changes in these conditions,it has become very difficult to locate the optimal operating point by following a mathematical model.Therefore,this study will focus mostly on the application of Fuzzy Logic Control theory and Three-point Weight Comparison Method in effort to locate the optimal operating point of solar panel and achieve maximum efficiency in power generation. The Three-point Weight Comparison Method is the comparison between the characteristic curves of the voltage of photovoltaic array and output power;it is a rather simple way to track the maximum power.The Fuzzy Logic Control,on the other hand,can be used to solve problems that cannot be effectively dealt with by calculation rules,such as concepts,contemplation, deductive reasoning,and identification.Therefore,this paper uses these two kinds of methods to make simulation successively. The simulation results show that,the Three-point Comparison Method is more effective under the environment with more frequent change of solar radiation;however,the Fuzzy Logic Control has better tacking efficiency under the environment with violent change of solar radiation.
基金Foundation item： the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province （No. S0650010）.
文摘In this paper, existence of solutions of third-order differential equation y′″（t）=f（t,y（t）,y′（t）,y″（t））with nonlinear three-point boundary condition{g（y（a）,y′（a）,y″（a））=0, h（y（b）,y′（b））=0, I（y（c）,y′（c）,y″（c））=0is obtained by embedding Leray-Schauder degree theory in upper and lower solutions method,where a, b, c∈ R,a〈 b〈 c; f ： [a,c]×R^3→R,g：R^3→R,h：R^2→R and I：R^3→R are continuous functions. The existence result is obtained by defining the suitable upper and lower solutions and introducing an appropriate auxiliary boundary value problem. As an application, an example with an explicit solution is given to demonstrate the validity of the results in this paper.
基金This work was financially supported by the project of agricultural machinery R&D,manufacturing,promotion,application,and integrationand the 13th Five-Year Plan National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFD0700102).
文摘The real-time monitoring of the load in farming by the sensor installed on the tractor's three-point hitch can effectively improve the farming efficiency and force-position combined control,reduce the compaction risk of the wheel on the soil and reduce the fuel consumption in farming process.However,the measurement and quantification of the loads on the three-point hitch have some problems remaining unresolved:testing the accuracy and reliability of a load measuring system is hard when the tractor works in a field,the mathematical model of spatial forces usually lacks a practical and effective validation,and the calibration process of the measurement system is inconvenient and incomplete while easily causing a low accuracy.Specifically,this paper builds a new spatial-force mathematical model based on the geometry of a three-point hitch.To eliminate the discrepancy of the geometric model with the actual structure and to refine the mathematical model,a calibration process is conducted by developing a calibration bench,which is equipped with a data acquisition system and a multi-parameter monitoring interface.The three-point hitch installed on this calibration bench is subject to steady-state loading.The loading force,angle of the lower drawbar,and three-component forces(three shaft pin sensors’forces)of the three-point hitch are well measured.With applying for the measured data to calibrate the theoretical mathematic model eventually derives the resultant force from all the three-component forces,a dynamical loading bench was developed to test the calculated resultant force for the three-point hitch during the sinusoidal and randomly variant dynamical loadings tests.A hitch force measurement system is also developed to collect real-time data and calculate the resultant force of measured three-component forces through the calibrated mathematical model.The results of the dynamical loading tests show that the average relative error MRE=1.09%with an average force measurement time delay beingΔt=0.5 s,the root mean square error RMSE=59.3 N,and the coefficient of determination R2=0.9903.As observed,the shape and the trend of the generated resultant force curve are basically the dynamical loading force.The dynamical loading test proves the high efficacy and reliability of the proposed indoor calibration method for calculating the load based on the three-component forces as measured on the three-point hitch.Besides,the preliminary study of the proposed method on the hitch load provides great potential to improve the indoor six-component measurement and quantification of both the force and momentum acting on the three-point hitch.
