Technological advancements are continuously changing the paradigm of human existence.Human beings are constantly engaging in various measures to reduce the extent of sensory and motor impairment.This has been in the f...Technological advancements are continuously changing the paradigm of human existence.Human beings are constantly engaging in various measures to reduce the extent of sensory and motor impairment.This has been in the form of various devices,e.g.orthopedic prosthesis,visual aids (spectacles) and hearing aids.Countless attempts throughout the centuries have been made in an effort to improve sound amplification in patients.This article seeks to highlights the technological journey of one such implant,the middle ear implant,from its inception to the more technological advanced futuristic proposals.While there are many amplification devices available presently,there still remains a group of patients who have not experienced adequate amplification for their hearing loss and this subset may gain the greatest benefit from middle ear implants.展开更多
Aiming at a kind of middle ear implant（MEI）, the driving voltage of a piezoelectric floating mass actuator is analyzed using a 0. 7Pb （Mg1/3Nb2/3） O3-0. 3PbTiO3 （ PMN- 30% PT）stack as a new type of vibrator. For...Aiming at a kind of middle ear implant（MEI）, the driving voltage of a piezoelectric floating mass actuator is analyzed using a 0. 7Pb （Mg1/3Nb2/3） O3-0. 3PbTiO3 （ PMN- 30% PT）stack as a new type of vibrator. For the purpose of facilitating the analysis, a simplified coupling model of the ossicular chain and the piezoelectric actuator is constructed. First, a finite element model of a human middle ear is constructed by reverse engineering technology, and the validity of this model is confirmed by comparing the simulated motion of the stapes footplate obtained by this model with experimental measurements. Then the displacement impedance of the incus long process is analyzed, and a single mass-spring-damper equivalent model of the ossicular chain attached with the clamp is derived. Finally, a simplified coupling model of the ossicular chain and the piezoelectric actuator is established and used to analyze the driving voltage property of the actuator. The results show that the required driving voltage decreases with the increase in the frequency, and the maximum required driving voltage is 20. 9 V in the voice frequencies. However, in the mid-high frequencies where most sensorineural hearing loss occurs, the maximum required driving voltage is 3.8 V, which meets the low-voltage and low-power requirements of the MEI.展开更多
To overcome some of the problems inherent in conventional heating aids such as low gain at high fi'equencies due to acoustic feedback,discomfort in occlusion of the extemal ear canal and so on,implantable middle e...To overcome some of the problems inherent in conventional heating aids such as low gain at high fi'equencies due to acoustic feedback,discomfort in occlusion of the extemal ear canal and so on,implantable middle ear hearing devices(IMEHDs)have been developed over the past two decades.For such kinds of IMEHDs,this paper presents the design of a floating mass piezoelectric actuator using a PMN-30%PT stack as a new type of vibrator.The proposed piezoelectric actuator consists of only three components of a piezoelectric stack,a metal case and a clamp.For the purpose of aiding the design of this actuator,a coupling biomechanics model of human middle ear and the piezoelectric actuator was constructed.This model was built based on a complete set of computerized tomography section images of a healthy volunteer's left ear by reverse engineering technology.The validity of this model was confirmed by comparing the motion of the tympanic membrane and stapes footplate obtained by this model with published experimental measurements on human temporal bones.It is shown that the designed actuator can be implanted on the incus long process by a simple surgical operation,and the stapes footplate displacement by its excitation at 10.5 V root-mean-square(RMS)voltage was equivalent to that from acoustic stimulation at 100 dB sound pressure level(SPL),which is adequate stimulation to the ossicular chain.The corresponding power consumption is 0.04 mW per volt of excitation at 1 kHz,which is low enough for the transducer to be used in an implantable middle ear device.展开更多
文摘Technological advancements are continuously changing the paradigm of human existence.Human beings are constantly engaging in various measures to reduce the extent of sensory and motor impairment.This has been in the form of various devices,e.g.orthopedic prosthesis,visual aids (spectacles) and hearing aids.Countless attempts throughout the centuries have been made in an effort to improve sound amplification in patients.This article seeks to highlights the technological journey of one such implant,the middle ear implant,from its inception to the more technological advanced futuristic proposals.While there are many amplification devices available presently,there still remains a group of patients who have not experienced adequate amplification for their hearing loss and this subset may gain the greatest benefit from middle ear implants.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No10772121)the Med-Science Cross Research Foundation of Shanghai Jiao-tong University (NoYG2007MS14)
文摘Aiming at a kind of middle ear implant（MEI）, the driving voltage of a piezoelectric floating mass actuator is analyzed using a 0. 7Pb （Mg1/3Nb2/3） O3-0. 3PbTiO3 （ PMN- 30% PT）stack as a new type of vibrator. For the purpose of facilitating the analysis, a simplified coupling model of the ossicular chain and the piezoelectric actuator is constructed. First, a finite element model of a human middle ear is constructed by reverse engineering technology, and the validity of this model is confirmed by comparing the simulated motion of the stapes footplate obtained by this model with experimental measurements. Then the displacement impedance of the incus long process is analyzed, and a single mass-spring-damper equivalent model of the ossicular chain attached with the clamp is derived. Finally, a simplified coupling model of the ossicular chain and the piezoelectric actuator is established and used to analyze the driving voltage property of the actuator. The results show that the required driving voltage decreases with the increase in the frequency, and the maximum required driving voltage is 20. 9 V in the voice frequencies. However, in the mid-high frequencies where most sensorineural hearing loss occurs, the maximum required driving voltage is 3.8 V, which meets the low-voltage and low-power requirements of the MEI.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10772121)
文摘To overcome some of the problems inherent in conventional heating aids such as low gain at high fi'equencies due to acoustic feedback,discomfort in occlusion of the extemal ear canal and so on,implantable middle ear hearing devices(IMEHDs)have been developed over the past two decades.For such kinds of IMEHDs,this paper presents the design of a floating mass piezoelectric actuator using a PMN-30%PT stack as a new type of vibrator.The proposed piezoelectric actuator consists of only three components of a piezoelectric stack,a metal case and a clamp.For the purpose of aiding the design of this actuator,a coupling biomechanics model of human middle ear and the piezoelectric actuator was constructed.This model was built based on a complete set of computerized tomography section images of a healthy volunteer's left ear by reverse engineering technology.The validity of this model was confirmed by comparing the motion of the tympanic membrane and stapes footplate obtained by this model with published experimental measurements on human temporal bones.It is shown that the designed actuator can be implanted on the incus long process by a simple surgical operation,and the stapes footplate displacement by its excitation at 10.5 V root-mean-square(RMS)voltage was equivalent to that from acoustic stimulation at 100 dB sound pressure level(SPL),which is adequate stimulation to the ossicular chain.The corresponding power consumption is 0.04 mW per volt of excitation at 1 kHz,which is low enough for the transducer to be used in an implantable middle ear device.
