Objective In developed countries,midday napping and nighttime sleep duration have been linked to long-term survival;however,little is known about such effects in less developed regions.Therefore,this study aimed to as...Objective In developed countries,midday napping and nighttime sleep duration have been linked to long-term survival;however,little is known about such effects in less developed regions.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the associations of midday napping and nocturnal sleep with mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.Methods A nationwide cohort of 15,524 adults aged≥45 years was enrolled from 28 provincial regions across China's Mainland and followed up from 2011 to 2018,using data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Midday napping and nighttime sleep duration were assessed using standardized questionnaires.Cox proportional hazards models with random intercepts for the surveyed provinces were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)of all-cause mortality,adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics,behavioral factors,and health status.Results A total of 1,745 deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 7.1 years,and the mean(standard deviation)age was 59(10.1)years at baseline.Compared with non-nappers,over 60 min nappers had a higher risk of all-cause mortality[HR:1.35,95%confidence interval(CI):1.17–1.56],while no significant associations were observed among<30 min nappers.Compared with sleep duration of 6–8 h/night,both short(<6 h)and long(≥8 h)sleep duration were significantly associated with increased mortality,with corresponding HR(95%CI)estimates of 1.21(1.05–1.38)and 1.26(1.10–1.44),respectively.We observed significant patterns for greater risks associated with longer nap duration,with a Ptrend value<0.001 for all-cause mortality.No significant evidence of an additive interaction was identified between midday napping and nighttime sleep.Conclusion Long midday napping and inappropriate nighttime sleep were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese populations.Biological studies are needed to validate our findings and clarify the mechanisms underlying this association.展开更多
Evaluating how park characteristics affect the formation of a park cool island(PCI) is the premise of guiding green parks planning in mountain cities.The diurnal variation of PCI intensity was achieved,and correlation...Evaluating how park characteristics affect the formation of a park cool island(PCI) is the premise of guiding green parks planning in mountain cities.The diurnal variation of PCI intensity was achieved,and correlations between PCI intensity and park characteristics such as park area,landscape shape index(LSI),green ratio and altitude were analyzed,using 3 010 temperature and humidity data from measurements in six parks with typical park characteristics in Chongqing,China.The results indicate that:1) the main factor determining PCI intensity is park area,which leads to obvious cool island effect when it exceeds 14 hm2;2) there is a negative correlation between PCI intensity and LSI,showing that the rounder the park shape is,the better the cool island effect could be achieved;3) regression analysis of humidity and PCI intensity proves that photosynthesis midday depression(PMD) is an important factor causing the low PCI intensity at 13:00;4) the multivariable linear regression model proposed here could effectively well predict the daily PCI intensity in mountain cities.展开更多
Different strategies of deficit irrigation based on water stress dynamics were applied in an 11-year old citrus trees （Citrus sinensis L. Osb. cv. Navelina） grafted on carrizo citrange （Citrus sinensis L. Osb.×...Different strategies of deficit irrigation based on water stress dynamics were applied in an 11-year old citrus trees （Citrus sinensis L. Osb. cv. Navelina） grafted on carrizo citrange （Citrus sinensis L. Osb.×Poncirus Trifoliata L. Osb.）. The trees were subjected to two irrigation treatments： （1） sustainable deficit irrigation （SDI） established with water supplied at 60% of the crop evapotranspiration （ETc） and （2） low frequency deficit irrigation （LFDI） irrigated according to the plant water status. In addition, a treatment irrigated at 100% of ETc was included as a control （C）. Midday stem-water potential （ψUstem）, stomatal conductance （gs）, and micrometric trunk diameter fluctuations were measured during the maximum evapotranspirative demand period to evaluate the plant-water status, and establish the main relationships among them. The seasonal pattern of the studied variables had a behavior consistent with the contributions made by the volumes of applied irrigation water. Especially significant close relationships of ψstem with gs, and with the maximum daily shrinkage （MDS） were found. The lowest ψstem and gs values were registered in the treatments with lowest irrigations levels （SDI and LFDI）, being the MDS was significative higher than in the C treatment. The LFDI showed an oscillating behavior in these parameters, which was on line with the supplied irrigation restrictions cycles. Thus, according to the results of the present experiment the physiological stress indexes based in MDS or ψstem allow establishing different irrigation restriction cycles, encouraging important water saving without significant impact on yield and the fruit quality parameters.展开更多
The right to rest at work is guaranteed by the Chinese constitution,and the midday siesta is a typical enjoyment among both white and blue-collar workers.Photographer Xin Ting documents a special subset of people who ...The right to rest at work is guaranteed by the Chinese constitution,and the midday siesta is a typical enjoyment among both white and blue-collar workers.Photographer Xin Ting documents a special subset of people who nap in public,creating a photo series that both amuses and comments on the value of hard work展开更多
基金supported by Key Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province(Hubei University of Medicine)[Grant No.2022ZD001].
文摘Objective In developed countries,midday napping and nighttime sleep duration have been linked to long-term survival;however,little is known about such effects in less developed regions.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the associations of midday napping and nocturnal sleep with mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.Methods A nationwide cohort of 15,524 adults aged≥45 years was enrolled from 28 provincial regions across China's Mainland and followed up from 2011 to 2018,using data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Midday napping and nighttime sleep duration were assessed using standardized questionnaires.Cox proportional hazards models with random intercepts for the surveyed provinces were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)of all-cause mortality,adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics,behavioral factors,and health status.Results A total of 1,745 deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 7.1 years,and the mean(standard deviation)age was 59(10.1)years at baseline.Compared with non-nappers,over 60 min nappers had a higher risk of all-cause mortality[HR:1.35,95%confidence interval(CI):1.17–1.56],while no significant associations were observed among<30 min nappers.Compared with sleep duration of 6–8 h/night,both short(<6 h)and long(≥8 h)sleep duration were significantly associated with increased mortality,with corresponding HR(95%CI)estimates of 1.21(1.05–1.38)and 1.26(1.10–1.44),respectively.We observed significant patterns for greater risks associated with longer nap duration,with a Ptrend value<0.001 for all-cause mortality.No significant evidence of an additive interaction was identified between midday napping and nighttime sleep.Conclusion Long midday napping and inappropriate nighttime sleep were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese populations.Biological studies are needed to validate our findings and clarify the mechanisms underlying this association.
基金Project(2006BAJ02A02-05) supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China
文摘Evaluating how park characteristics affect the formation of a park cool island(PCI) is the premise of guiding green parks planning in mountain cities.The diurnal variation of PCI intensity was achieved,and correlations between PCI intensity and park characteristics such as park area,landscape shape index(LSI),green ratio and altitude were analyzed,using 3 010 temperature and humidity data from measurements in six parks with typical park characteristics in Chongqing,China.The results indicate that:1) the main factor determining PCI intensity is park area,which leads to obvious cool island effect when it exceeds 14 hm2;2) there is a negative correlation between PCI intensity and LSI,showing that the rounder the park shape is,the better the cool island effect could be achieved;3) regression analysis of humidity and PCI intensity proves that photosynthesis midday depression(PMD) is an important factor causing the low PCI intensity at 13:00;4) the multivariable linear regression model proposed here could effectively well predict the daily PCI intensity in mountain cities.
文摘Different strategies of deficit irrigation based on water stress dynamics were applied in an 11-year old citrus trees （Citrus sinensis L. Osb. cv. Navelina） grafted on carrizo citrange （Citrus sinensis L. Osb.×Poncirus Trifoliata L. Osb.）. The trees were subjected to two irrigation treatments： （1） sustainable deficit irrigation （SDI） established with water supplied at 60% of the crop evapotranspiration （ETc） and （2） low frequency deficit irrigation （LFDI） irrigated according to the plant water status. In addition, a treatment irrigated at 100% of ETc was included as a control （C）. Midday stem-water potential （ψUstem）, stomatal conductance （gs）, and micrometric trunk diameter fluctuations were measured during the maximum evapotranspirative demand period to evaluate the plant-water status, and establish the main relationships among them. The seasonal pattern of the studied variables had a behavior consistent with the contributions made by the volumes of applied irrigation water. Especially significant close relationships of ψstem with gs, and with the maximum daily shrinkage （MDS） were found. The lowest ψstem and gs values were registered in the treatments with lowest irrigations levels （SDI and LFDI）, being the MDS was significative higher than in the C treatment. The LFDI showed an oscillating behavior in these parameters, which was on line with the supplied irrigation restrictions cycles. Thus, according to the results of the present experiment the physiological stress indexes based in MDS or ψstem allow establishing different irrigation restriction cycles, encouraging important water saving without significant impact on yield and the fruit quality parameters.
文摘The right to rest at work is guaranteed by the Chinese constitution,and the midday siesta is a typical enjoyment among both white and blue-collar workers.Photographer Xin Ting documents a special subset of people who nap in public,creating a photo series that both amuses and comments on the value of hard work
