The instantaneous desulfurization of CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)slag particles in the molten steel was in situ observed using a high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope.The desulfurization effect of CaO-Al_(2)O...The instantaneous desulfurization of CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)slag particles in the molten steel was in situ observed using a high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope.The desulfurization effect of CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)slags with different compositions was discussed.The influence of CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)and CaO/SiO_(2)on the desulfurization effect was analyzed.It was shown that in the liquid phase range,the higher CaO/SiO_(2)and CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)can significantly improve the desulfurization effect of the slag.A dimensionless desulfurization index Sindex was introduced to evaluate the desulfurization ability of CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)slags quantitatively.The Sindex values of CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)with different compositions at 1550°C were calculated.It was suggested to use(65%-75%)CaO-(0-20%)SiO_(2)-(20%-40%)Al_(2)O_(3)slags to improve the molten steel desulfurization.展开更多
We report three-dimensional fluorescence emission difference(3D-FED)microscopy using a spatial light modulator(SLM).Zero phase,0–2vortex phase and binary 0-pi phase are loaded on the SLM to generate the correspondin...We report three-dimensional fluorescence emission difference(3D-FED)microscopy using a spatial light modulator(SLM).Zero phase,0–2vortex phase and binary 0-pi phase are loaded on the SLM to generate the corresponding solid,doughnut and z-axis hollow excitation spot,respectively.Our technique achieves super-resolved image by subtracting three di®erently acquired images with proper subtractive factors.Detailed theoretical analysis and simulation tests are proceeded to testify the performance of 3D-FED.Also,the improvement of lateral and axial resolution is demonstrated by imaging 100 nm°uorescent beads.The experiment yields lateral resolution of 140 nm and axial resolution of approximate 380 nm.展开更多
The microstructure of(CrFe)_7C_3 has been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy.It shows that a carbide consists of colonies which are full of stacking faults. The stacking faults in one colony are parallel while...The microstructure of(CrFe)_7C_3 has been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy.It shows that a carbide consists of colonies which are full of stacking faults. The stacking faults in one colony are parallel while those in different colonies lie at angle with each other.展开更多
Novel two-dimensional thermoelectric materials have attracted significant attention in the field of thermoelectric due to their low lattice thermal conductivity.A comprehensive understanding of their microscopic struc...Novel two-dimensional thermoelectric materials have attracted significant attention in the field of thermoelectric due to their low lattice thermal conductivity.A comprehensive understanding of their microscopic structures is crucial for driving further the optimization of materials properties and developing novel functional materials.Here,by using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy,we report the atomic layer evolution and surface reconstruction on the cleaved thermoelectric material KCu_(4)Se_(3) for the first time.We clearly revealed each atomic layer,including the naturally cleaved K atomic layer,the intermediate Se^(2-)atomic layer,and the Se^(-)atomic layer that emerges in the thermodynamic-stable state.Departing from the maj ority of studies that predominantly concentrate on macroscopic measurements of the charge transport,our results reveal the coexistence of potassium disorder and complex reconstructed patterns of selenium,which potentially influences charge carrier and lattice dynamics.These results provide direct insight into the surface microstructures and evolution of KCu_(4)Se_(3),and shed useful light on designing functional materials with superior performance.展开更多
Sol-gel based soft lithography technique has been developed to pattern a variety of ferroelectric Pb（Zr0.52Ti0.48）O3（PZT） microstructures,with feature size approaching 180 nm and good pattern transfer between the ...Sol-gel based soft lithography technique has been developed to pattern a variety of ferroelectric Pb（Zr0.52Ti0.48）O3（PZT） microstructures,with feature size approaching 180 nm and good pattern transfer between the master mold and patterned films.X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm the perovskite structure of the patterned PZT.Piezoresponse force microscopy（PFM） and switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy（SSPFM） confirm their piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity.Piezoresponse as high as 2.75 nm has been observed,comparable to typical PZT films.The patterned PZT microstructures are promising for a wide range of device applications.展开更多
Conventional electron and optical microscopy techniques require the sample to be sectioned, polished or etched to expose the internal surfaces for imaging. However, such sample preparation techniques have traditionall...Conventional electron and optical microscopy techniques require the sample to be sectioned, polished or etched to expose the internal surfaces for imaging. However, such sample preparation techniques have traditionally prevented the observation of the same sample over time, under realistic three-dimensional geometries and in an environment representative of real-world operating conditions. X-ray microscopy (XRM) is a rapidly emerging technique that enables non-destructive evaluation of buried structures within hard to soft materials in 3D, requiring little to no sample preparation. Furthermore in situ and 4D quantification of microstructural evolution under controlled environment as a function of time, temperature, chemistry or stress can be done repeatable on the same sample, using practical specimen sizes ranging from tens of microns to several cm diameter, with achievable imaging resolution from submicron to 50 nm. Many of these studies were reported using XRM in synchrotron beamlines. These include crack propagation on composite and construction materials; corrosion studies; microstructural changes during the setting of cement; flow studies within porous media to mention but a few.展开更多
We perform molecular beam epitaxy growth and scanning tunneling microscopy study of copper diselenide （CuSe2 ） films on SrTiO3 （001）. Using a Se-rich condition, the single-phase pyrite CuSe2 grows in the Stranski-...We perform molecular beam epitaxy growth and scanning tunneling microscopy study of copper diselenide （CuSe2 ） films on SrTiO3 （001）. Using a Se-rich condition, the single-phase pyrite CuSe2 grows in the Stranski-Krastanov （layer-plus-island） mode with a preferential orientation of （111）. Our careful inspection of both the as-grown and post-annealed CuSe2 films at various temperatures invariably shows a Cu-terminated surface, which, depending on the annealing temperature, reconstructs into two distinct structures 2 ×√3 and √x ×√3-R30°. The Cu termi- nation is supported by the depressed density of states near the Fermi level, measured by in-situ low temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Our study helps understand the preparation and surface chemistry of transition metal pyrite dichalcogenides thin films.展开更多
Neural organoids and confocal microscopy have the potential to play an important role in microconnectome research to understand neural patterns.We present PLayer,a plug-and-play embedded neural system,which demonstrat...Neural organoids and confocal microscopy have the potential to play an important role in microconnectome research to understand neural patterns.We present PLayer,a plug-and-play embedded neural system,which demonstrates the utilization of sparse confocal microscopy layers to interpolate continuous axial resolution.With an embedded system focused on neural network pruning,image scaling,and post-processing,PLayer achieves high-performance metrics with an average structural similarity index of 0.9217 and a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 27.75 dB,all within 20 s.This represents a significant time saving of 85.71%with simplified image processing.By harnessing statistical map estimation in interpolation and incorporating the Vision Transformer–based Restorer,PLayer ensures 2D layer consistency while mitigating heavy computational dependence.As such,PLayer can reconstruct 3D neural organoid confocal data continuously under limited computational power for the wide acceptance of fundamental connectomics and pattern-related research with embedded devices.展开更多
A novel low-coherence digital inline holographic microscope for accurate three-dimensional(3D)position estimation and nanoparticle classification is proposed and validated.Two low-coherence digital inline holograms of...A novel low-coherence digital inline holographic microscope for accurate three-dimensional(3D)position estimation and nanoparticle classification is proposed and validated.Two low-coherence digital inline holograms of a sample containing numerous nanoparticles,generated by two illumination light beams forming a small angle with each other from a low-coherence light source,are employed to determine the nanoparticles’actual 3D positions.Each nanoparticle’s sub-holograms,extracted from the holograms of the sample,are used to reconstruct the intensity scattering image at its respective actual position using the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld backpropagation method.The intensity scattering image of each nanoparticle is then used to classify particles with similar sizes and shapes.The advantages of the proposed system include rapid and highly accurate 3D nanoparticle position determination and nanoparticle classification without the need to pre-prepare patterns or have prior knowledge of the nanoparticle characteristics.展开更多
基金support from the National Key R&D Program(No.2023YFB3709901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20171)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(BWLCF202315).
文摘The instantaneous desulfurization of CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)slag particles in the molten steel was in situ observed using a high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope.The desulfurization effect of CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)slags with different compositions was discussed.The influence of CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)and CaO/SiO_(2)on the desulfurization effect was analyzed.It was shown that in the liquid phase range,the higher CaO/SiO_(2)and CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)can significantly improve the desulfurization effect of the slag.A dimensionless desulfurization index Sindex was introduced to evaluate the desulfurization ability of CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)slags quantitatively.The Sindex values of CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)with different compositions at 1550°C were calculated.It was suggested to use(65%-75%)CaO-(0-20%)SiO_(2)-(20%-40%)Al_(2)O_(3)slags to improve the molten steel desulfurization.
基金This work was financially supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(No.2015CB352003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61377013,61335003,61378051,and 61427818)+1 种基金NSFC of Zhejiang province LR16F050001,Innovation Joint Research Center for iCPS (2015XZZX005-01)Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation.
文摘We report three-dimensional fluorescence emission difference(3D-FED)microscopy using a spatial light modulator(SLM).Zero phase,0–2vortex phase and binary 0-pi phase are loaded on the SLM to generate the corresponding solid,doughnut and z-axis hollow excitation spot,respectively.Our technique achieves super-resolved image by subtracting three di®erently acquired images with proper subtractive factors.Detailed theoretical analysis and simulation tests are proceeded to testify the performance of 3D-FED.Also,the improvement of lateral and axial resolution is demonstrated by imaging 100 nm°uorescent beads.The experiment yields lateral resolution of 140 nm and axial resolution of approximate 380 nm.
文摘The microstructure of(CrFe)_7C_3 has been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy.It shows that a carbide consists of colonies which are full of stacking faults. The stacking faults in one colony are parallel while those in different colonies lie at angle with each other.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12374196,92165201,11634011,and 22109153)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0302800)+4 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (Grant No.YSBR-046)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos.WK3510000006 and WK3430000003)the Fund of Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies (Grant No.AHY170000)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province,China (Grant No.GXXT-2022-008)the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Joint Funds of University of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.KY2060000241)。
文摘Novel two-dimensional thermoelectric materials have attracted significant attention in the field of thermoelectric due to their low lattice thermal conductivity.A comprehensive understanding of their microscopic structures is crucial for driving further the optimization of materials properties and developing novel functional materials.Here,by using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy,we report the atomic layer evolution and surface reconstruction on the cleaved thermoelectric material KCu_(4)Se_(3) for the first time.We clearly revealed each atomic layer,including the naturally cleaved K atomic layer,the intermediate Se^(2-)atomic layer,and the Se^(-)atomic layer that emerges in the thermodynamic-stable state.Departing from the maj ority of studies that predominantly concentrate on macroscopic measurements of the charge transport,our results reveal the coexistence of potassium disorder and complex reconstructed patterns of selenium,which potentially influences charge carrier and lattice dynamics.These results provide direct insight into the surface microstructures and evolution of KCu_(4)Se_(3),and shed useful light on designing functional materials with superior performance.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10772155,10732100 and 10902095)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant Nos.07JJ1008 and 09JJ7004)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (Grant No.08C864)The Asylum Research MFP-3D Atomic Force Microscope was acquired through an ARO DURIP grant(W911NF-08-01-0262)support from US National Science Foundation (DMR 0706100 and OS)
文摘Sol-gel based soft lithography technique has been developed to pattern a variety of ferroelectric Pb（Zr0.52Ti0.48）O3（PZT） microstructures,with feature size approaching 180 nm and good pattern transfer between the master mold and patterned films.X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm the perovskite structure of the patterned PZT.Piezoresponse force microscopy（PFM） and switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy（SSPFM） confirm their piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity.Piezoresponse as high as 2.75 nm has been observed,comparable to typical PZT films.The patterned PZT microstructures are promising for a wide range of device applications.
文摘Conventional electron and optical microscopy techniques require the sample to be sectioned, polished or etched to expose the internal surfaces for imaging. However, such sample preparation techniques have traditionally prevented the observation of the same sample over time, under realistic three-dimensional geometries and in an environment representative of real-world operating conditions. X-ray microscopy (XRM) is a rapidly emerging technique that enables non-destructive evaluation of buried structures within hard to soft materials in 3D, requiring little to no sample preparation. Furthermore in situ and 4D quantification of microstructural evolution under controlled environment as a function of time, temperature, chemistry or stress can be done repeatable on the same sample, using practical specimen sizes ranging from tens of microns to several cm diameter, with achievable imaging resolution from submicron to 50 nm. Many of these studies were reported using XRM in synchrotron beamlines. These include crack propagation on composite and construction materials; corrosion studies; microstructural changes during the setting of cement; flow studies within porous media to mention but a few.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11374336 and 61176078
文摘We perform molecular beam epitaxy growth and scanning tunneling microscopy study of copper diselenide （CuSe2 ） films on SrTiO3 （001）. Using a Se-rich condition, the single-phase pyrite CuSe2 grows in the Stranski-Krastanov （layer-plus-island） mode with a preferential orientation of （111）. Our careful inspection of both the as-grown and post-annealed CuSe2 films at various temperatures invariably shows a Cu-terminated surface, which, depending on the annealing temperature, reconstructs into two distinct structures 2 ×√3 and √x ×√3-R30°. The Cu termi- nation is supported by the depressed density of states near the Fermi level, measured by in-situ low temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Our study helps understand the preparation and surface chemistry of transition metal pyrite dichalcogenides thin films.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1001000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82111530212,U23A20282,and 61971255)+2 种基金the Natural Science Founda-tion of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021B1515020092)the Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Fund(Grant No.SZBL2020090501014)the Shenzhen Science,Technology and Innovation Commission(Grant Nos.KJZD20231023094659002,JCYJ20220530142809022,and WDZC20220811170401001).
文摘Neural organoids and confocal microscopy have the potential to play an important role in microconnectome research to understand neural patterns.We present PLayer,a plug-and-play embedded neural system,which demonstrates the utilization of sparse confocal microscopy layers to interpolate continuous axial resolution.With an embedded system focused on neural network pruning,image scaling,and post-processing,PLayer achieves high-performance metrics with an average structural similarity index of 0.9217 and a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 27.75 dB,all within 20 s.This represents a significant time saving of 85.71%with simplified image processing.By harnessing statistical map estimation in interpolation and incorporating the Vision Transformer–based Restorer,PLayer ensures 2D layer consistency while mitigating heavy computational dependence.As such,PLayer can reconstruct 3D neural organoid confocal data continuously under limited computational power for the wide acceptance of fundamental connectomics and pattern-related research with embedded devices.
基金funded by the Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training(Project No.B2025 BKA-11).
文摘A novel low-coherence digital inline holographic microscope for accurate three-dimensional(3D)position estimation and nanoparticle classification is proposed and validated.Two low-coherence digital inline holograms of a sample containing numerous nanoparticles,generated by two illumination light beams forming a small angle with each other from a low-coherence light source,are employed to determine the nanoparticles’actual 3D positions.Each nanoparticle’s sub-holograms,extracted from the holograms of the sample,are used to reconstruct the intensity scattering image at its respective actual position using the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld backpropagation method.The intensity scattering image of each nanoparticle is then used to classify particles with similar sizes and shapes.The advantages of the proposed system include rapid and highly accurate 3D nanoparticle position determination and nanoparticle classification without the need to pre-prepare patterns or have prior knowledge of the nanoparticle characteristics.
