Optical microscopes with polishing equipment possess high performance/cost ratio for refractories industry. Here, the preparation of polishing sections of refractory materials and products and their observation under ...Optical microscopes with polishing equipment possess high performance/cost ratio for refractories industry. Here, the preparation of polishing sections of refractory materials and products and their observation under microscopes were introduced in detail. The observation of microstructures helps to improve and optimize production process. Optical microscopes can observe （1） homogenous or inhomogeneous composition distribution to improve mixing intensity; （2） coarse grains contact or not and contacted grain edges broken or intact to adjust the pressing parameters to avoid overpressure ; （ 3 ） the filling degree of components to optimize the particle size distribution; （4） the sintering necks and bridges and matrix shrinkage status to adjust sintering intensity or sintering atmosphere; （5） the crack edge in round or sharp to know when the cracks formed （ before or after entering sintering zone） and take countermeasures ; （6） used refractories to find the wear mechanism.展开更多
A novel constant force feedback mechanism based on fuzzy logic for tapping mode Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM) is proposed in this paper. A mathematical model for characterizing the cantilever-sample interaction subsy...A novel constant force feedback mechanism based on fuzzy logic for tapping mode Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM) is proposed in this paper. A mathematical model for characterizing the cantilever-sample interaction subsystem which is nonlinear and contains large uncertainty is first developed. Then, a PID-like fuzzy controller, combing a PD-like fuzzy controller and a PI controller, is designed to regulate the controller efforts and schedule the applied voltage of the Z-axis of the piezoelectric tube scanner to maintain a constant tip-sample interaction force during sample-scanning. Using the PID-like fuzzy controller allows the cantilever tip to track sample surface rapidly and accurately even though the topography of the surface is arbitrary and not given in advance. This rapid tracking response facilitates us to observe samples with high aspect ratio micro structures accurately and quickly. Besides, the overshoot which will result in tip crash in commercial AFMs with a traditional PID controller could be avoided. Additionally, the controller efforts can be intelligently scheduled by using the fuzzy logic. Thus, continuous manual gain-tuning by trial and error such as those in commercial AFMs is alleviated. In final, computer simulations and experimental verifications are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and confirm the validity of the proposed controller.展开更多
Glucose molecules are of great significance being one of the most important molecules in metabolic chain.However,due to the small Raman scattering cross-section and weak/non-adsorption on bare metals,accurately obtain...Glucose molecules are of great significance being one of the most important molecules in metabolic chain.However,due to the small Raman scattering cross-section and weak/non-adsorption on bare metals,accurately obtaining their"fingerprint information"remains a huge obstacle.Herein,we developed a tip-enhanced Raman scattering(TERS)technique to address this challenge.Adopting an optical fiber radial vector mode internally illuminates the plasmonic fiber tip to effectively suppress the background noise while generating a strong electric-field enhanced tip hotspot.Furthermore,the tip hotspot approaching the glucose molecules was manipulated via the shear-force feedback to provide more freedom for selecting substrates.Consequently,our TERS technique achieves the visualization of all Raman modes of glucose molecules within spectral window of 400-3200 cm^(-1),which is not achievable through the far-field/surface-enhanced Raman,or the existing TERS techniques.Our TERS technique offers a powerful tool for accurately identifying Raman scattering of molecules,paving the way for biomolecular analysis.展开更多
Tuojiang River Basin is a first-class tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River—which is the longest river in China.As phytoplankton are sensitive indicators of trophic changes inwater bodies,characterizing...Tuojiang River Basin is a first-class tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River—which is the longest river in China.As phytoplankton are sensitive indicators of trophic changes inwater bodies,characterizing phytoplankton communities and their growth influencing factors in polluted urban rivers can provide new ideas for pollution control.Here,we used direct microscopic count and environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding methods to investigate phytoplankton community structure in Tuojiang River Basin(Chengdu,Sichuan Province,China).The association between phytoplankton community structure and water environmental factors was evaluated by Mantel analysis.Additional environmental monitoring data were used to pinpoint major factors that influenced phytoplankton growth based on structural equation modeling.At the phylum level,the dominant phytoplankton taxa identified by the conventional microscopic method mainly belonged to Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta,and Cyanophyta,in contrast with Chlorophyta,Dinophyceae,and Bacillariophyta identified by eDNA metabarcoding.Inα-diversity analysis,eDNA metabarcoding detected greater species diversity and achieved higher precision than the microscopic method.Phytoplankton growth was largely limited by phosphorus based on the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios>16:1 in all water samples.Redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling also confirmed that the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio was the principal factor influencing phytoplankton growth.The results could be useful for implementing comprehensive management of the river basin environment.It is recommended to control the discharge of point-and surface-source pollutants and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in areas with excessive nutrients(e.g.,Jianyang-Ziyang).Algae monitoring techniques and removal strategies should be improved in 201 Hospital,Hongrihe Bridge and Colmar Town areas.展开更多
Deep tight reservoirs exhibit complex stress and seepage fields due to varying pore structures,thus the seepage characteristics are significant for enhancing oil production.This study conducted triaxial compression an...Deep tight reservoirs exhibit complex stress and seepage fields due to varying pore structures,thus the seepage characteristics are significant for enhancing oil production.This study conducted triaxial compression and permeability tests to investigate the mechanical and seepage properties of tight sandstone.A digital core of tight sandstone was built using Computed Tomography(CT)scanning,which was divided into matrix and pore phases by a pore equivalent diameter threshold.A fluid-solid coupling model was established to investigate the seepage characteristics at micro-scale.The results showed that increasing the confining pressure decreased porosity,permeability,and flow velocity,with the pore phase becoming the dominant seepage channel.Cracks and large pores closed first under increasing pressure,resulted in a steep drop in permeability.However,permeability slightly decreased under high confining pressure,which followed a first-order exponential function.Flow velocity increased with seepage pressure.And the damage mainly occurred in stress-concentration regions under low seepage pressure.Seepage behavior followed linear Darcy flow,the damage emerged at seepage entrances under high pressure,which decreased rock elastic modulus and significantly increased permeability.展开更多
The dissolution behavior of complex inclusions in refining slag was studied using confocal laser scanning microscope.Based on the dissolution curve of complex inclusions,the main rate-limiting link of CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(...The dissolution behavior of complex inclusions in refining slag was studied using confocal laser scanning microscope.Based on the dissolution curve of complex inclusions,the main rate-limiting link of CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)complex inclusions was the diffusion in the molten slag.The dissolution rate of CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)complex inclusions was affected by the composition and size of inclusion.The functional relationship between the dimensionless inclusion capacity(Zh)and the dimensionless dissolution rate(Ry)of CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)complex inclusions was calculated as Ry=2.10×10^(-6)Zh^(0.160),while it was Ry=2.10×10^(-6)Zh^(0.0087)for Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO complex inclusions.On this basis,the complete dissolution time and rate of the complex inclusions were calculated by using the function relation between the Zh and Ry numbers.展开更多
The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution ki...The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution kinetics of primary carbides during either heating or soaking.Dissolution of carbides proceeded in three stages(fast→slow→faster)as either temperature or holding time was increased.During the heating process and during the first and third stages of the soaking process,the original size of the carbides determined the steepness of the slope,but during the middle(“slow”)stage of the soaking process,the slope remained zero.The initial size of the carbides varied greatly,but their final dissolution temperature fell within the narrow range of 1210-1235℃,and the holding time remained within 50 min.Fractal analysis was used to study the morphological characteristics of small and medium-sized carbides during the dissolution process.According to changes in the fractal dimension before and after soaking,the carbides tended to evolve towards a more regular morphology.展开更多
Health information spreads rapidly,which can effectively control epidemics.However,the swift dissemination of information also has potential negative impacts,which increasingly attracts attention.Message fatigue refer...Health information spreads rapidly,which can effectively control epidemics.However,the swift dissemination of information also has potential negative impacts,which increasingly attracts attention.Message fatigue refers to the psychological response characterized by feelings of boredom and anxiety that occur after receiving an excessive amount of similar information.This phenomenon can alter individual behaviors related to epidemic prevention.Additionally,recent studies indicate that pairwise interactions alone are insufficient to describe complex social transmission processes,and higher-order structures representing group interactions are crucial.To address this,we develop a novel epidemic model that investigates the interactions between information,behavioral responses,and epidemics.Our model incorporates the impact of message fatigue on the entire transmission system.The information layer is modeled using a static simplicial network to capture group interactions,while the disease layer uses a time-varying network based on activity-driven model with attractiveness to represent the self-protection behaviors of susceptible individuals and self-isolation behaviors of infected individuals.We theoretically describe the co-evolution equations using the microscopic Markov chain approach(MMCA)and get the epidemic threshold.Experimental results show that while the negative impact of message fatigue on epidemic transmission is limited,it significantly weakens the group interactions depicted by higher-order structures.Individual behavioral responses strongly inhibit the epidemic.Our simulations using the Monte Carlo(MC)method demonstrate that greater intensity in these responses leads to clustering of susceptible individuals in the disease layer.Finally,we apply the proposed model to real networks to verify its reliability.In summary,our research results enhance the understanding of the information-epidemic coupling dynamics,and we expect to provide valuable guidance for managing future emerging epidemics.展开更多
During the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels,various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the mold.In which,the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a rest...During the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels,various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the mold.In which,the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a restrictive link,closely associated with viscosity and the thickness of liquid slag.In contrast to two-dimensional surface observation,three-dimensional(3D)analysis method can offer a more intuitive,accurate,and comprehensive information.Therefore,this study employs a 3D X-ray microscope(3D-XRM)to obtained spatial distribution and 3D morphological characteristics of residual bubbles in mold flux under different basicity of liquid slag,different temperatures,and different holding times.The results indicate that as basicity of slag increases from 0.52 to 1.03,temperature increases from 1423 to 1573 K,the viscosity of slag decreases,the floating rate of bubbles increases.In addition,when holding time increases from 10 to 30 s,the bubbles floating distance increases,and the volume fraction and average equivalent sphere diameter of the bubbles solidified in the mold flux gradually decreases.In one word,increasing the basicity,temperature,and holding time leading to an increase in the removal rate of bubbles especially for the large.These findings of bubbles escape behavior provide valuable insights into optimizing low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels.展开更多
During dental examinations and treatments,many dentists are using magni-fication to improve their vision.The dental operating microscope serves as the most effective tool for this purpose,enhancing the quality,longevi...During dental examinations and treatments,many dentists are using magni-fication to improve their vision.The dental operating microscope serves as the most effective tool for this purpose,enhancing the quality,longevity,and outcome of clinical work.This review will explore the latest research and data on the importance of magnification devices in dentistry,including diagnostic methods,treatment options and ergonomics in specialities such as restorative dentistry,endodontics,pedodontics,periodontics,and prosthodontics.This review aims to provide insights into the optimal magnification for different clinical situations,the specific benefits of dental operating microscopes for each dental branch,and their limitations.展开更多
Graphene,a two-dimensional material with atomic thickness,holds significant importance in advancing the existing theories of solid mechanics.However,as an intersection of multiple scales,it poses challenges to experim...Graphene,a two-dimensional material with atomic thickness,holds significant importance in advancing the existing theories of solid mechanics.However,as an intersection of multiple scales,it poses challenges to experimental measurements of its mechanical behaviors.This review comprehensively discusses the recent achievements in experimental studies on the mechanics of graphene,focusing on sample preparation,loading design,and measurement techniques.Moreover,personal perspectives on the future development in this field are presented,aiming to provide insights and inspiration for researchers engaged in related studies.展开更多
The hybrid CO_(2) thermal technique has achieved considerable success globally in extracting residual heavy oil from reserves following a long-term steam stimulation process.Using microscopic visualization experiments...The hybrid CO_(2) thermal technique has achieved considerable success globally in extracting residual heavy oil from reserves following a long-term steam stimulation process.Using microscopic visualization experiments and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,this study investigates the microscopic enhanced oil recovery(EOR)mechanisms underlying residual oil removal using hybrid CO_(2) thermal systems.Based on the experimental models for the occurrence of heavy oil,this study evaluates the performance of hybrid CO_(2) thermal systems under various conditions using MD simulations.The results demonstrate that introducing CO_(2) molecules into heavy oil can effectively penetrate and decompose dense aggregates that are originally formed on hydrophobic surfaces.A stable miscible hybrid CO_(2) thermal system,with a high effective distribution ratio of CO_(2),proficiently reduces the interaction energies between heavy oil and rock surfaces,as well as within heavy oil.A visualization analysis of the interactions reveals that strong van der Waals(vdW)attractions occur between CO_(2) and heavy oil molecules,effectively promoting the decomposition and swelling of heavy oil.This unlocks the residual oil on the hydrophobic surfaces.Considering the impacts of temperature and CO_(2) concentration,an optimal gas-to-steam injection ratio(here,the CO_(2):steam ratio)ranging between 1:6 and 1:9 is recommended.This study examines the microscopic mechanisms underlying the hybrid CO_(2) thermal technique at a molecular scale,providing a significant theoretical guide for its expanded application in EOR.展开更多
In comparison with conventional experimental teaching methods,the implementation of the Motic digital microscope mutual system in the experimental teaching of medicinal botany has been demonstrated to be a highly effi...In comparison with conventional experimental teaching methods,the implementation of the Motic digital microscope mutual system in the experimental teaching of medicinal botany has been demonstrated to be a highly efficacious approach to enhance the teaching level of experimental courses in medicinal botany.The implementation of a digital microscope mutual system in experimental teaching not only enhances students practical skills in laboratory operations but also increases classroom efficiency.Furthermore,it supports personalized development among students while fostering innovative thinking,independent learning capabilities,and analysis and problem-solving skills.Additionally,this approach contributes to the enhancement of students scientific literacy.展开更多
SnS,a well-known van der Waals chalcogenide,is susceptible to oxidation in high-temperature or highhumidity environments,significantly impacting its functional performance and device stability.Conversely,oxidation can...SnS,a well-known van der Waals chalcogenide,is susceptible to oxidation in high-temperature or highhumidity environments,significantly impacting its functional performance and device stability.Conversely,oxidation can be used as an effective strategy for surface engineering,allowing for structure modulation or design,property tuning and application exploration.However,there is currently a gap in understanding the relationship between the oxidation behavior of SnS,the structure of its oxidized surface,and the dependence on oxidation temperature.In this study,we systematically investigated the evolution of SnS surfaces under thermal oxidation using electron microscopy.The microstructure evolution(e.g.,surface structures,phases,defects,and interface)of SnS during high-temperature oxidation has been fully characterized and studied based on cross-sectional samples.Various surface heterostructures were constructed,including SnO_(2)/SnS,SnO_(2)/SnS_(2)/SnS,and SnO_(2)/Sn_(2)S_(3)/SnS,offering significant potential for the surface functionalization of SnS-based systems.Accordingly,oxidation mechanisms at different stages were elucidated based on the detailed and clear picture of microstructures.This research not only deepens our understanding of the fundamental science of SnS oxidation but also provides valuable insights for preventing and developing surface oxidation engineering in SnS and other van der Waals chalcogenides/materials.展开更多
A devastating disease called Huanglongbing(HLB) or citrus green is wiping out citrus trees across the globe. But we are seeing new hope. Scientists have recently uncovered a hidden battle happening inside citrus plant...A devastating disease called Huanglongbing(HLB) or citrus green is wiping out citrus trees across the globe. But we are seeing new hope. Scientists have recently uncovered a hidden battle happening inside citrus plants. Understanding this microscopic tug-of-war could be the key to rescuing our beloved oranges, lemons, and grapefruits.展开更多
[Objectives]To identify the authenticity of Longgu from the microscopic,infrared spectrum and chemical composition,and provide references for the quality control and evaluation methods of Longgu.[Methods]According to ...[Objectives]To identify the authenticity of Longgu from the microscopic,infrared spectrum and chemical composition,and provide references for the quality control and evaluation methods of Longgu.[Methods]According to the mineral characteristics of Longgu,the identification research was carried out by microscope observation,near-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.By comparing the single polarizing and orthogonal polarizing characteristics of genuine and fake Longgu,a qualitative identification model of genuine Longgu was established based on the near-infrared spectrum of genuine Longgu,and the detection results of elements in Longgu were analyzed.[Results]The genuine Longgu had apatite optical properties,and was quite different from the fake Longgu of animal bones.Compared with modern animal bones,genuine Longgus had relatively less P and Ca,but they were enriched in elements Sr and F.The correlation coefficient model with good predictive ability can be established by using the near-infrared characteristic spectrum.[Conclusions]Polarizing microscope,near-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy can improve the identification results of Longgu.展开更多
Intracranial aneurysms,characterized by focal arterial wall dilation,pose significant neurosurgical challenges due to their potential for rupture and hemorrhage,leading to severe clinical outcomes,including fatality.P...Intracranial aneurysms,characterized by focal arterial wall dilation,pose significant neurosurgical challenges due to their potential for rupture and hemorrhage,leading to severe clinical outcomes,including fatality.Patients often experience profound psychological and social impacts,such as depression,anxiety,and cognitive impairment,affecting their quality of life.Rapid progression and high mortality necessitate timely intervention.Advances in neurosurgical techniques,including microscopic surgery and neuroendoscopy,offer distinct advantages.Microscopic surgery provides precision and direct visualization,while neuroendoscopy ensures minimally invasive access and reduced tissue trauma.Integrating these methods optimizes treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes.AIM To evaluate the impact of combined microscopic and neuroendoscopic techniques on psychological,cognitive outcomes,and quality of life in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.METHODS The study focused on 189 patients with intracranial aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage from January 2020 to May 2024 as the objects of observation and analysis.They were randomly divided into a control group(treated with simple microscope surgery,n=94)and an observation group(treated with microscope combined with neuroendoscopy,n=95).The treatment effects of the two groups were observed,mainly including depression and anxiety scale scores,cognitive function assessment results and quality of life assessment data.RESULTS Before treatment,the depression and anxiety scale scores,cognitive function assessment results and quality of life assessment data of the two groups of patients at different time points were compared,and there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).After microscope combined with neuroendoscopy treatment,the study revealed that the observation group surpassed the control group in alleviating depression and anxiety,accelerating cognitive function recovery,and enhancing quality of life,with these differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Surgical treatment combined with microscopy and neuroendoscopy has a significant positive effect on the mental health,cognitive function and overall quality of life of patients with intracranial aneurysm rupture and bleeding,can shorten the operation time and treatment time,and provides a new strategic reference for clinical treatment.展开更多
The anchoring capacity of the anchor cable is closely related to the bonding length and radial pressure conditions.Through field pull-out tests,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and industrial tests,this study...The anchoring capacity of the anchor cable is closely related to the bonding length and radial pressure conditions.Through field pull-out tests,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and industrial tests,this study clarifies the relationship between radial pressure and bonding length for the ultimate pullout force and reveals the microscopic failure process of the resin-rock interface in the anchoring system.The results show that the ultimate load increases with the increase of bonding length in three different stages:rapid,slow,and uniform growth.The new mechanical model developed considering radial pressure describes the inverse relationship between radial pressure and the plastic zone on the bonding section,and quantifies the reinforcing effect of confining pressure on the anchoring force.During the pull-out process of the anchor cable,the generation of failure cracks is in the order of orifice,bottom,and middle of the hole.Radial pressure can effectively enhance the ultimate pull-out force,alleviate the oscillation increase of pull-out force,and inhibit resin cracking,but will produce an external crushing zone.It also reveals the synergistic effect between bonding length and radial pressure,and successfully carries out industrial tests of anchor cable support,which ensures the stability of the stope roof and provides an important reference for the design of anchor cable support in deep high-stress mines.展开更多
In this study,we developed an in-situ hot-pressing sintering(HPS)device that can be coupled to a lab-oratory X-ray microscope,offering laboratory-available observation of the morphology evolution.With the help of this...In this study,we developed an in-situ hot-pressing sintering(HPS)device that can be coupled to a lab-oratory X-ray microscope,offering laboratory-available observation of the morphology evolution.With the help of this device,in-situ three-dimensional(3D)visualizations of the microstructural evolution of 7055 aluminum alloys during the HPS process were conducted.The 3D results revealed that the twodimensional(2D)methods usually underestimated sintering neck width and exhibited significant standard deviation in statistical analysis.Benefiting from the precise microstructure characterization of the insitu 3D methods,the diffusion activation energy for the sintering of 7055 alloys was calculated,and the quantitative relationship between the sintering temperature and the sintering process was constructed.Moreover,it was experimentally found an accelerative effect of satellite particles on the sintering process,and its mechanisms were discussed.The satellite particles enhanced the curvature near the sintering neck and thus increased the sintering driving stress,promoting the densification process.These findings provide new insights for optimizing sintering processes.展开更多
A new polarization–interference biomedical diagnostic three-dimensional(3D)Jones-matrix technology with digital Fourier reconstruction of layered maps of optical anisotropy(thesiograms)of dehydrated films(facies)of b...A new polarization–interference biomedical diagnostic three-dimensional(3D)Jones-matrix technology with digital Fourier reconstruction of layered maps of optical anisotropy(thesiograms)of dehydrated films(facies)of biological fluids of human organs is presented and experimentally tested.An original model of layered phase scanning of polycrystalline architectonics of supramolecular networks of biological fluid facies is proposed for the purpose of theoretical justification and prognostic use of the obtained results.On its basis,algorithms of Jones-matrix reconstruction of thesiograms of birefringence and dichroism of facies of synovial fluid,bile and blood are found.As a result,layered thesiograms of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of facies with different spatial–angular architectonics of supramolecular networks are experimentally obtained for the first time.Within the framework of statistical analysis of experimental data,new objective markers(asymmetry and excess of optical anisotropy parameter distributions)for diagnostics of pathological changes in the optical anisotropy of biological fluid facies were defined and clinically tested.As a result,an excellent level of balanced accuracy of the developed polarization–interference Jones-matrix method of layer-by-layer reconstruction of thesiograms of polycrystalline supramolecular networks in differential diagnostics of bile facies(cholelithiasis),synovial fluid(reactive synovitis–septic arthritis)and whole blood(follicular adenoma–papillary thyroid cancer)was achieved.展开更多
文摘Optical microscopes with polishing equipment possess high performance/cost ratio for refractories industry. Here, the preparation of polishing sections of refractory materials and products and their observation under microscopes were introduced in detail. The observation of microstructures helps to improve and optimize production process. Optical microscopes can observe （1） homogenous or inhomogeneous composition distribution to improve mixing intensity; （2） coarse grains contact or not and contacted grain edges broken or intact to adjust the pressing parameters to avoid overpressure ; （ 3 ） the filling degree of components to optimize the particle size distribution; （4） the sintering necks and bridges and matrix shrinkage status to adjust sintering intensity or sintering atmosphere; （5） the crack edge in round or sharp to know when the cracks formed （ before or after entering sintering zone） and take countermeasures ; （6） used refractories to find the wear mechanism.
文摘A novel constant force feedback mechanism based on fuzzy logic for tapping mode Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM) is proposed in this paper. A mathematical model for characterizing the cantilever-sample interaction subsystem which is nonlinear and contains large uncertainty is first developed. Then, a PID-like fuzzy controller, combing a PD-like fuzzy controller and a PI controller, is designed to regulate the controller efforts and schedule the applied voltage of the Z-axis of the piezoelectric tube scanner to maintain a constant tip-sample interaction force during sample-scanning. Using the PID-like fuzzy controller allows the cantilever tip to track sample surface rapidly and accurately even though the topography of the surface is arbitrary and not given in advance. This rapid tracking response facilitates us to observe samples with high aspect ratio micro structures accurately and quickly. Besides, the overshoot which will result in tip crash in commercial AFMs with a traditional PID controller could be avoided. Additionally, the controller efforts can be intelligently scheduled by using the fuzzy logic. Thus, continuous manual gain-tuning by trial and error such as those in commercial AFMs is alleviated. In final, computer simulations and experimental verifications are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and confirm the validity of the proposed controller.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12374358,91950207)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010420).
文摘Glucose molecules are of great significance being one of the most important molecules in metabolic chain.However,due to the small Raman scattering cross-section and weak/non-adsorption on bare metals,accurately obtaining their"fingerprint information"remains a huge obstacle.Herein,we developed a tip-enhanced Raman scattering(TERS)technique to address this challenge.Adopting an optical fiber radial vector mode internally illuminates the plasmonic fiber tip to effectively suppress the background noise while generating a strong electric-field enhanced tip hotspot.Furthermore,the tip hotspot approaching the glucose molecules was manipulated via the shear-force feedback to provide more freedom for selecting substrates.Consequently,our TERS technique achieves the visualization of all Raman modes of glucose molecules within spectral window of 400-3200 cm^(-1),which is not achievable through the far-field/surface-enhanced Raman,or the existing TERS techniques.Our TERS technique offers a powerful tool for accurately identifying Raman scattering of molecules,paving the way for biomolecular analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.72091511)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hebei Province (No.E2022402064).
文摘Tuojiang River Basin is a first-class tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River—which is the longest river in China.As phytoplankton are sensitive indicators of trophic changes inwater bodies,characterizing phytoplankton communities and their growth influencing factors in polluted urban rivers can provide new ideas for pollution control.Here,we used direct microscopic count and environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding methods to investigate phytoplankton community structure in Tuojiang River Basin(Chengdu,Sichuan Province,China).The association between phytoplankton community structure and water environmental factors was evaluated by Mantel analysis.Additional environmental monitoring data were used to pinpoint major factors that influenced phytoplankton growth based on structural equation modeling.At the phylum level,the dominant phytoplankton taxa identified by the conventional microscopic method mainly belonged to Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta,and Cyanophyta,in contrast with Chlorophyta,Dinophyceae,and Bacillariophyta identified by eDNA metabarcoding.Inα-diversity analysis,eDNA metabarcoding detected greater species diversity and achieved higher precision than the microscopic method.Phytoplankton growth was largely limited by phosphorus based on the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios>16:1 in all water samples.Redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling also confirmed that the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio was the principal factor influencing phytoplankton growth.The results could be useful for implementing comprehensive management of the river basin environment.It is recommended to control the discharge of point-and surface-source pollutants and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in areas with excessive nutrients(e.g.,Jianyang-Ziyang).Algae monitoring techniques and removal strategies should be improved in 201 Hospital,Hongrihe Bridge and Colmar Town areas.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42272153 and 42472195)the Research Fund of PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company(No.671023060003)the Research Fund of China National Petroleum Corporation Limited(No.2023ZZ16YJ04).
文摘Deep tight reservoirs exhibit complex stress and seepage fields due to varying pore structures,thus the seepage characteristics are significant for enhancing oil production.This study conducted triaxial compression and permeability tests to investigate the mechanical and seepage properties of tight sandstone.A digital core of tight sandstone was built using Computed Tomography(CT)scanning,which was divided into matrix and pore phases by a pore equivalent diameter threshold.A fluid-solid coupling model was established to investigate the seepage characteristics at micro-scale.The results showed that increasing the confining pressure decreased porosity,permeability,and flow velocity,with the pore phase becoming the dominant seepage channel.Cracks and large pores closed first under increasing pressure,resulted in a steep drop in permeability.However,permeability slightly decreased under high confining pressure,which followed a first-order exponential function.Flow velocity increased with seepage pressure.And the damage mainly occurred in stress-concentration regions under low seepage pressure.Seepage behavior followed linear Darcy flow,the damage emerged at seepage entrances under high pressure,which decreased rock elastic modulus and significantly increased permeability.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program(No.2023YFB3709900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20171)+1 种基金the High Steel Center at the North China University of Technologythe University of Science and Technology Beijing,China.
文摘The dissolution behavior of complex inclusions in refining slag was studied using confocal laser scanning microscope.Based on the dissolution curve of complex inclusions,the main rate-limiting link of CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)complex inclusions was the diffusion in the molten slag.The dissolution rate of CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)complex inclusions was affected by the composition and size of inclusion.The functional relationship between the dimensionless inclusion capacity(Zh)and the dimensionless dissolution rate(Ry)of CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)complex inclusions was calculated as Ry=2.10×10^(-6)Zh^(0.160),while it was Ry=2.10×10^(-6)Zh^(0.0087)for Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO complex inclusions.On this basis,the complete dissolution time and rate of the complex inclusions were calculated by using the function relation between the Zh and Ry numbers.
基金supported by Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University(SKLASS-2023-Z13)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19DZ2270200)+1 种基金A portion of the work was performed at US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,which is supported by the National Science Foundation(Cooperative Agreement No.DMR-1157490 and DMR-1644779)the State of Florida.Thanks also to Mary Tyler for editing.
文摘The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution kinetics of primary carbides during either heating or soaking.Dissolution of carbides proceeded in three stages(fast→slow→faster)as either temperature or holding time was increased.During the heating process and during the first and third stages of the soaking process,the original size of the carbides determined the steepness of the slope,but during the middle(“slow”)stage of the soaking process,the slope remained zero.The initial size of the carbides varied greatly,but their final dissolution temperature fell within the narrow range of 1210-1235℃,and the holding time remained within 50 min.Fractal analysis was used to study the morphological characteristics of small and medium-sized carbides during the dissolution process.According to changes in the fractal dimension before and after soaking,the carbides tended to evolve towards a more regular morphology.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72171136 and 72134004)Humanities and Social Science Research Project,Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.21YJC630157)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2022MG008)Shandong Provincial Colleges and Universities Youth Innovation Technology of China(Grant No.2022RW066)。
文摘Health information spreads rapidly,which can effectively control epidemics.However,the swift dissemination of information also has potential negative impacts,which increasingly attracts attention.Message fatigue refers to the psychological response characterized by feelings of boredom and anxiety that occur after receiving an excessive amount of similar information.This phenomenon can alter individual behaviors related to epidemic prevention.Additionally,recent studies indicate that pairwise interactions alone are insufficient to describe complex social transmission processes,and higher-order structures representing group interactions are crucial.To address this,we develop a novel epidemic model that investigates the interactions between information,behavioral responses,and epidemics.Our model incorporates the impact of message fatigue on the entire transmission system.The information layer is modeled using a static simplicial network to capture group interactions,while the disease layer uses a time-varying network based on activity-driven model with attractiveness to represent the self-protection behaviors of susceptible individuals and self-isolation behaviors of infected individuals.We theoretically describe the co-evolution equations using the microscopic Markov chain approach(MMCA)and get the epidemic threshold.Experimental results show that while the negative impact of message fatigue on epidemic transmission is limited,it significantly weakens the group interactions depicted by higher-order structures.Individual behavioral responses strongly inhibit the epidemic.Our simulations using the Monte Carlo(MC)method demonstrate that greater intensity in these responses leads to clustering of susceptible individuals in the disease layer.Finally,we apply the proposed model to real networks to verify its reliability.In summary,our research results enhance the understanding of the information-epidemic coupling dynamics,and we expect to provide valuable guidance for managing future emerging epidemics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52274315 and 52374320)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.FRF-TP-22-011A1 and FRF-DF22-16)。
文摘During the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels,various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the mold.In which,the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a restrictive link,closely associated with viscosity and the thickness of liquid slag.In contrast to two-dimensional surface observation,three-dimensional(3D)analysis method can offer a more intuitive,accurate,and comprehensive information.Therefore,this study employs a 3D X-ray microscope(3D-XRM)to obtained spatial distribution and 3D morphological characteristics of residual bubbles in mold flux under different basicity of liquid slag,different temperatures,and different holding times.The results indicate that as basicity of slag increases from 0.52 to 1.03,temperature increases from 1423 to 1573 K,the viscosity of slag decreases,the floating rate of bubbles increases.In addition,when holding time increases from 10 to 30 s,the bubbles floating distance increases,and the volume fraction and average equivalent sphere diameter of the bubbles solidified in the mold flux gradually decreases.In one word,increasing the basicity,temperature,and holding time leading to an increase in the removal rate of bubbles especially for the large.These findings of bubbles escape behavior provide valuable insights into optimizing low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels.
文摘During dental examinations and treatments,many dentists are using magni-fication to improve their vision.The dental operating microscope serves as the most effective tool for this purpose,enhancing the quality,longevity,and outcome of clinical work.This review will explore the latest research and data on the importance of magnification devices in dentistry,including diagnostic methods,treatment options and ergonomics in specialities such as restorative dentistry,endodontics,pedodontics,periodontics,and prosthodontics.This review aims to provide insights into the optimal magnification for different clinical situations,the specific benefits of dental operating microscopes for each dental branch,and their limitations.
基金supported by the specialized research projects of Huanjiang Laboratory.
文摘Graphene,a two-dimensional material with atomic thickness,holds significant importance in advancing the existing theories of solid mechanics.However,as an intersection of multiple scales,it poses challenges to experimental measurements of its mechanical behaviors.This review comprehensively discusses the recent achievements in experimental studies on the mechanics of graphene,focusing on sample preparation,loading design,and measurement techniques.Moreover,personal perspectives on the future development in this field are presented,aiming to provide insights and inspiration for researchers engaged in related studies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20B6003)the China Scholarship Council(No.202306440015)a project of the China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation(No.P22174)。
文摘The hybrid CO_(2) thermal technique has achieved considerable success globally in extracting residual heavy oil from reserves following a long-term steam stimulation process.Using microscopic visualization experiments and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,this study investigates the microscopic enhanced oil recovery(EOR)mechanisms underlying residual oil removal using hybrid CO_(2) thermal systems.Based on the experimental models for the occurrence of heavy oil,this study evaluates the performance of hybrid CO_(2) thermal systems under various conditions using MD simulations.The results demonstrate that introducing CO_(2) molecules into heavy oil can effectively penetrate and decompose dense aggregates that are originally formed on hydrophobic surfaces.A stable miscible hybrid CO_(2) thermal system,with a high effective distribution ratio of CO_(2),proficiently reduces the interaction energies between heavy oil and rock surfaces,as well as within heavy oil.A visualization analysis of the interactions reveals that strong van der Waals(vdW)attractions occur between CO_(2) and heavy oil molecules,effectively promoting the decomposition and swelling of heavy oil.This unlocks the residual oil on the hydrophobic surfaces.Considering the impacts of temperature and CO_(2) concentration,an optimal gas-to-steam injection ratio(here,the CO_(2):steam ratio)ranging between 1:6 and 1:9 is recommended.This study examines the microscopic mechanisms underlying the hybrid CO_(2) thermal technique at a molecular scale,providing a significant theoretical guide for its expanded application in EOR.
基金Supported by Major Project of School-level Teaching Reform and Research of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2022A006)。
文摘In comparison with conventional experimental teaching methods,the implementation of the Motic digital microscope mutual system in the experimental teaching of medicinal botany has been demonstrated to be a highly efficacious approach to enhance the teaching level of experimental courses in medicinal botany.The implementation of a digital microscope mutual system in experimental teaching not only enhances students practical skills in laboratory operations but also increases classroom efficiency.Furthermore,it supports personalized development among students while fostering innovative thinking,independent learning capabilities,and analysis and problem-solving skills.Additionally,this approach contributes to the enhancement of students scientific literacy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11904039,52125103,52071041,U21A2054 and 12104071)。
文摘SnS,a well-known van der Waals chalcogenide,is susceptible to oxidation in high-temperature or highhumidity environments,significantly impacting its functional performance and device stability.Conversely,oxidation can be used as an effective strategy for surface engineering,allowing for structure modulation or design,property tuning and application exploration.However,there is currently a gap in understanding the relationship between the oxidation behavior of SnS,the structure of its oxidized surface,and the dependence on oxidation temperature.In this study,we systematically investigated the evolution of SnS surfaces under thermal oxidation using electron microscopy.The microstructure evolution(e.g.,surface structures,phases,defects,and interface)of SnS during high-temperature oxidation has been fully characterized and studied based on cross-sectional samples.Various surface heterostructures were constructed,including SnO_(2)/SnS,SnO_(2)/SnS_(2)/SnS,and SnO_(2)/Sn_(2)S_(3)/SnS,offering significant potential for the surface functionalization of SnS-based systems.Accordingly,oxidation mechanisms at different stages were elucidated based on the detailed and clear picture of microstructures.This research not only deepens our understanding of the fundamental science of SnS oxidation but also provides valuable insights for preventing and developing surface oxidation engineering in SnS and other van der Waals chalcogenides/materials.
文摘A devastating disease called Huanglongbing(HLB) or citrus green is wiping out citrus trees across the globe. But we are seeing new hope. Scientists have recently uncovered a hidden battle happening inside citrus plants. Understanding this microscopic tug-of-war could be the key to rescuing our beloved oranges, lemons, and grapefruits.
基金Supported by the Subject Talent Research Promotion Program for"Xinglin Scholars"of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZRQN2020019).
文摘[Objectives]To identify the authenticity of Longgu from the microscopic,infrared spectrum and chemical composition,and provide references for the quality control and evaluation methods of Longgu.[Methods]According to the mineral characteristics of Longgu,the identification research was carried out by microscope observation,near-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.By comparing the single polarizing and orthogonal polarizing characteristics of genuine and fake Longgu,a qualitative identification model of genuine Longgu was established based on the near-infrared spectrum of genuine Longgu,and the detection results of elements in Longgu were analyzed.[Results]The genuine Longgu had apatite optical properties,and was quite different from the fake Longgu of animal bones.Compared with modern animal bones,genuine Longgus had relatively less P and Ca,but they were enriched in elements Sr and F.The correlation coefficient model with good predictive ability can be established by using the near-infrared characteristic spectrum.[Conclusions]Polarizing microscope,near-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy can improve the identification results of Longgu.
文摘Intracranial aneurysms,characterized by focal arterial wall dilation,pose significant neurosurgical challenges due to their potential for rupture and hemorrhage,leading to severe clinical outcomes,including fatality.Patients often experience profound psychological and social impacts,such as depression,anxiety,and cognitive impairment,affecting their quality of life.Rapid progression and high mortality necessitate timely intervention.Advances in neurosurgical techniques,including microscopic surgery and neuroendoscopy,offer distinct advantages.Microscopic surgery provides precision and direct visualization,while neuroendoscopy ensures minimally invasive access and reduced tissue trauma.Integrating these methods optimizes treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes.AIM To evaluate the impact of combined microscopic and neuroendoscopic techniques on psychological,cognitive outcomes,and quality of life in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.METHODS The study focused on 189 patients with intracranial aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage from January 2020 to May 2024 as the objects of observation and analysis.They were randomly divided into a control group(treated with simple microscope surgery,n=94)and an observation group(treated with microscope combined with neuroendoscopy,n=95).The treatment effects of the two groups were observed,mainly including depression and anxiety scale scores,cognitive function assessment results and quality of life assessment data.RESULTS Before treatment,the depression and anxiety scale scores,cognitive function assessment results and quality of life assessment data of the two groups of patients at different time points were compared,and there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).After microscope combined with neuroendoscopy treatment,the study revealed that the observation group surpassed the control group in alleviating depression and anxiety,accelerating cognitive function recovery,and enhancing quality of life,with these differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Surgical treatment combined with microscopy and neuroendoscopy has a significant positive effect on the mental health,cognitive function and overall quality of life of patients with intracranial aneurysm rupture and bleeding,can shorten the operation time and treatment time,and provides a new strategic reference for clinical treatment.
基金Financial supports for this work,provided by the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China(No.52374152)the Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project of China(No.2022AB31023)the National Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2904602)are gratefully acknowledged。
文摘The anchoring capacity of the anchor cable is closely related to the bonding length and radial pressure conditions.Through field pull-out tests,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and industrial tests,this study clarifies the relationship between radial pressure and bonding length for the ultimate pullout force and reveals the microscopic failure process of the resin-rock interface in the anchoring system.The results show that the ultimate load increases with the increase of bonding length in three different stages:rapid,slow,and uniform growth.The new mechanical model developed considering radial pressure describes the inverse relationship between radial pressure and the plastic zone on the bonding section,and quantifies the reinforcing effect of confining pressure on the anchoring force.During the pull-out process of the anchor cable,the generation of failure cracks is in the order of orifice,bottom,and middle of the hole.Radial pressure can effectively enhance the ultimate pull-out force,alleviate the oscillation increase of pull-out force,and inhibit resin cracking,but will produce an external crushing zone.It also reveals the synergistic effect between bonding length and radial pressure,and successfully carries out industrial tests of anchor cable support,which ensures the stability of the stope roof and provides an important reference for the design of anchor cable support in deep high-stress mines.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Plan(No.2021YFA1600702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92263201,52301155,and 52001161).
文摘In this study,we developed an in-situ hot-pressing sintering(HPS)device that can be coupled to a lab-oratory X-ray microscope,offering laboratory-available observation of the morphology evolution.With the help of this device,in-situ three-dimensional(3D)visualizations of the microstructural evolution of 7055 aluminum alloys during the HPS process were conducted.The 3D results revealed that the twodimensional(2D)methods usually underestimated sintering neck width and exhibited significant standard deviation in statistical analysis.Benefiting from the precise microstructure characterization of the insitu 3D methods,the diffusion activation energy for the sintering of 7055 alloys was calculated,and the quantitative relationship between the sintering temperature and the sintering process was constructed.Moreover,it was experimentally found an accelerative effect of satellite particles on the sintering process,and its mechanisms were discussed.The satellite particles enhanced the curvature near the sintering neck and thus increased the sintering driving stress,promoting the densification process.These findings provide new insights for optimizing sintering processes.
文摘A new polarization–interference biomedical diagnostic three-dimensional(3D)Jones-matrix technology with digital Fourier reconstruction of layered maps of optical anisotropy(thesiograms)of dehydrated films(facies)of biological fluids of human organs is presented and experimentally tested.An original model of layered phase scanning of polycrystalline architectonics of supramolecular networks of biological fluid facies is proposed for the purpose of theoretical justification and prognostic use of the obtained results.On its basis,algorithms of Jones-matrix reconstruction of thesiograms of birefringence and dichroism of facies of synovial fluid,bile and blood are found.As a result,layered thesiograms of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of facies with different spatial–angular architectonics of supramolecular networks are experimentally obtained for the first time.Within the framework of statistical analysis of experimental data,new objective markers(asymmetry and excess of optical anisotropy parameter distributions)for diagnostics of pathological changes in the optical anisotropy of biological fluid facies were defined and clinically tested.As a result,an excellent level of balanced accuracy of the developed polarization–interference Jones-matrix method of layer-by-layer reconstruction of thesiograms of polycrystalline supramolecular networks in differential diagnostics of bile facies(cholelithiasis),synovial fluid(reactive synovitis–septic arthritis)and whole blood(follicular adenoma–papillary thyroid cancer)was achieved.
