To achieve global voltage regulation and current sharing with reduced communication demands while enhancing the transient voltage performance of DC microgrid(MG)clusters,this paper proposes a distributed cooperative c...To achieve global voltage regulation and current sharing with reduced communication demands while enhancing the transient voltage performance of DC microgrid(MG)clusters,this paper proposes a distributed cooperative control method featuring output constraints and a dynamic event-triggered average consensus algorithm.The proposed control strategy employs an integrated primary-secondary control structure,where a dynamic event-triggered robust average consensus algorithm(DET-RACA)-based average voltage observer is designed to estimate the average voltage of each distributed generator(DG)within the MG.This estimated average voltage is subsequently utilized to simultaneously achieve voltage regulation and precise current sharing within individual MGs.Furthermore,an outputconstrained voltage controller incorporating a barrier Lyapunov function is developed to ensure high-performance transient voltage regulation for each DG.At the tertiary control level,a DET-RACA-based current observer is implemented to acquire global current information across the MG cluster,enabling the adjustment of bus reference voltages for each MG and guaranteeing global current sharing.The distinctive feature of DETRACA lies in its event-triggering mechanism,which significantly reduces communication frequency across the network topology and effectively alleviates the communication burden of the MG cluster system.Comprehensive simulations under five different operating conditions demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method for DC MG cluster control.展开更多
With large-scale development of distributed generation(DG) and its potential role in microgrids, the microgrid cluster(MGC) becomes a useful control model to assist the integration of DG. Considering that microgrids i...With large-scale development of distributed generation(DG) and its potential role in microgrids, the microgrid cluster(MGC) becomes a useful control model to assist the integration of DG. Considering that microgrids in a MGC, power dispatch optimization in a MGC is dif-ficult to achieve. In this paper, a hybrid interactive communication optimization solution(HICOS) is suggested based on flexible communication, which could be used to solve plug-in or plug-out operation states of microgrids in MGC power dispatch optimization. HICOS consists of a hierarchical architecture: the upper layer uses distributed control among multiple microgrids, with no central controller for the MGC, and the lower layer uses a central controller for each microgrid. Based on flexible communication links among microgrids, the optimal iterative information are exchanged among microgrids, thus HICOS would gradually converge to the global optimal solution.While some microgrids plug-in or plug-out, communication links will be changed, so as to unsuccessfully reach optimal solution. Differing from changeless communication links in traditional communication networks, HICOS redefines the topology of flexible communication links to meet the requirement to reach the global optimal solutions.Simulation studies show that HICOS could effectively reach the global optimal dispatch solution with non-MGC center. Especially, facing to microgrids plug-in or plug-out states, HICOS would also reach the global optimal solution based on refined communication link topology.展开更多
Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked microgrids.Various protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been propo...Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked microgrids.Various protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and connections.Nevertheless,protection schemes for networked microgrids are still in devel-opment,and further research is required to design and operate advanced protection in interconnected systems.Interconnection of these microgrids in different nodes with various intercon-nection technologies increases fault occurrence and complicates protection operation.This paper aims to point out challenges in developing protection for networked microgrids,potential solutions,and research areas that need to be addressed for their development.First,this article presents a systematic analysis of different microgrid clusters proposed since 2016,including several architectures of networked microgrids,operation modes,components,and utilization of renewable sources,which have not been widely explored in previous review papers.Second,the paper presents a discussion on protection systems currently available for microgrid clusters,current challenges,and solutions that have been proposed for these systems.Finally,it discusses the trend of protection schemes in networked microgrids and presents some conclusions related to implementation.IndexTerms—Adaptive eprotection,microgrid cluster,microgrid,multiple microgrid,networked microgrid,real-time simulation,smart grid.展开更多
基金supported by Provincial Key Laboratory Performance Subsidy Project(22567612H).
文摘To achieve global voltage regulation and current sharing with reduced communication demands while enhancing the transient voltage performance of DC microgrid(MG)clusters,this paper proposes a distributed cooperative control method featuring output constraints and a dynamic event-triggered average consensus algorithm.The proposed control strategy employs an integrated primary-secondary control structure,where a dynamic event-triggered robust average consensus algorithm(DET-RACA)-based average voltage observer is designed to estimate the average voltage of each distributed generator(DG)within the MG.This estimated average voltage is subsequently utilized to simultaneously achieve voltage regulation and precise current sharing within individual MGs.Furthermore,an outputconstrained voltage controller incorporating a barrier Lyapunov function is developed to ensure high-performance transient voltage regulation for each DG.At the tertiary control level,a DET-RACA-based current observer is implemented to acquire global current information across the MG cluster,enabling the adjustment of bus reference voltages for each MG and guaranteeing global current sharing.The distinctive feature of DETRACA lies in its event-triggering mechanism,which significantly reduces communication frequency across the network topology and effectively alleviates the communication burden of the MG cluster system.Comprehensive simulations under five different operating conditions demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method for DC MG cluster control.
基金funded by the State Grid Corporation of China project:Cooperative Simulation of Power Grid and Communication Gridthe National Natural Science Funds 51407030China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 121809
文摘With large-scale development of distributed generation(DG) and its potential role in microgrids, the microgrid cluster(MGC) becomes a useful control model to assist the integration of DG. Considering that microgrids in a MGC, power dispatch optimization in a MGC is dif-ficult to achieve. In this paper, a hybrid interactive communication optimization solution(HICOS) is suggested based on flexible communication, which could be used to solve plug-in or plug-out operation states of microgrids in MGC power dispatch optimization. HICOS consists of a hierarchical architecture: the upper layer uses distributed control among multiple microgrids, with no central controller for the MGC, and the lower layer uses a central controller for each microgrid. Based on flexible communication links among microgrids, the optimal iterative information are exchanged among microgrids, thus HICOS would gradually converge to the global optimal solution.While some microgrids plug-in or plug-out, communication links will be changed, so as to unsuccessfully reach optimal solution. Differing from changeless communication links in traditional communication networks, HICOS redefines the topology of flexible communication links to meet the requirement to reach the global optimal solutions.Simulation studies show that HICOS could effectively reach the global optimal dispatch solution with non-MGC center. Especially, facing to microgrids plug-in or plug-out states, HICOS would also reach the global optimal solution based on refined communication link topology.
基金supported by VILLUM FONDEN under the VILLUM Investigator Grant 25920:Center for Research on Microgrids(CROM).corresponding author:,email:jdlc@energy.aau.dk,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3423-6367。
文摘Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked microgrids.Various protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and connections.Nevertheless,protection schemes for networked microgrids are still in devel-opment,and further research is required to design and operate advanced protection in interconnected systems.Interconnection of these microgrids in different nodes with various intercon-nection technologies increases fault occurrence and complicates protection operation.This paper aims to point out challenges in developing protection for networked microgrids,potential solutions,and research areas that need to be addressed for their development.First,this article presents a systematic analysis of different microgrid clusters proposed since 2016,including several architectures of networked microgrids,operation modes,components,and utilization of renewable sources,which have not been widely explored in previous review papers.Second,the paper presents a discussion on protection systems currently available for microgrid clusters,current challenges,and solutions that have been proposed for these systems.Finally,it discusses the trend of protection schemes in networked microgrids and presents some conclusions related to implementation.IndexTerms—Adaptive eprotection,microgrid cluster,microgrid,multiple microgrid,networked microgrid,real-time simulation,smart grid.
