Urban green spaces have positive effects on both physical and mental wellbeing.However,few studies have focused on the trends and thresholds of the effects of different influences on restorative benefits when viewing ...Urban green spaces have positive effects on both physical and mental wellbeing.However,few studies have focused on the trends and thresholds of the effects of different influences on restorative benefits when viewing scenes differfeaturing plant communities.We measured subjective evaluations and objective physiological data from 44 participants who viewed images of plant communities in the yellow to green hue range to compare differences in restorative benefits among plant communities at different visual distances,as well as quantifying the influencing factors involved.The following results were found:(1)Coniferous and multi-layered plant communities were found to provide greater restorative benefits,and the restorative benefits grew with increasing visual distance.(2)Shape and color characteristics were significantly correlated with restorative benefits,but the relationship is not simply linear.(3)The restorative benefits were found to be greatest when crown proportion was 61.23%,trunk proportion ranged from 4.11%to 13.70%,and the value of color index value ranged from 25.44%to 35.56%;the restorative benefits gradually increased when sky proportion exceeded 12.95%-13.19%,the fractal dimension exceeded 1.62-1.67,and hue index exceeded 91.64°-95.67°;additionally,the restorative benefits decreased when the saturation index increased.This study provides a scientific basis for the construction and improvement of plant landscapes in urban green spaces.展开更多
Mycorrhizal symbioses are prevalent in terrestrial ecosystems and play essential roles in plant nutrition and health.However,the relative importance of plant evolutionary history,physiology,and eco-geographical factor...Mycorrhizal symbioses are prevalent in terrestrial ecosystems and play essential roles in plant nutrition and health.However,the relative importance of plant evolutionary history,physiology,and eco-geographical factors in shaping mycorrhizal fungal community assembly remains poorly understood.Here,we investigate how plant phylogeny,trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche collectively influence the diversity and composition of mycorrhizal fungal communities across the Orchidaceae,spanning broad phylogenetic and ecological scales.By using family-wide orchid-fungal associations and global occurrence data,our analyses showed that the variation in fungal diversity and community structure can be partially explained by orchids’trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche,but not by their overall phylogenetic relatedness.Among trophic modes,partially mycoheterotrophic orchids exhibited the highest level of fungal diversity(the lowest level of fungal specificity)in association with a broad range of phylogenetically dispersed fungal partners.Between biogeographical regions,a significantly higher level of fungal specificity was found for orchid species distributed in Australia than those in Eurasia and Africa.Furthermore,multivariate analyses showed that a small portion of the variation in fungal community structure was significantly related to broad climate,soil and vegetation variables,indicating the existence of large-scale habitat filtering on orchid mycorrhizal communities.Altogether,our findings indicate that mycorrhizal communities in the orchid family are likely shaped by multiple,intertwined factors related to orchid ecophysiology and biogeography on a global scale.展开更多
Identifying the community structure of complex networks is crucial to extracting insights and understanding network properties.Although several community detection methods have been proposed,many are unsuitable for so...Identifying the community structure of complex networks is crucial to extracting insights and understanding network properties.Although several community detection methods have been proposed,many are unsuitable for social networks due to significant limitations.Specifically,most approaches depend mainly on user-user structural links while overlooking service-centric,semantic,and multi-attribute drivers of community formation,and they also lack flexible filtering mechanisms for large-scale,service-oriented settings.Our proposed approach,called community discovery-based service(CDBS),leverages user profiles and their interactions with consulted web services.The method introduces a novel similarity measure,global similarity interaction profile(GSIP),which goes beyond typical similarity measures by unifying user and service profiles for all attributes types into a coherent representation,thereby clarifying its novelty and contribution.It applies multiple filtering criteria related to user attributes,accessed services,and interaction patterns.Experimental comparisons against Louvain,Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering,Label Propagation and Infomap show that CDBS reveals the higher performance as it achieves 0.74 modularity,0.13 conductance,0.77 coverage,and significantly fast response time of 9.8 s,even with 10,000 users and 400 services.Moreover,community discoverybased service consistently detects a larger number of communities with distinct topics of interest,underscoring its capacity to generate detailed and efficient structures in complex networks.These results confirm both the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.Beyond controlled evaluation,communities discovery based service is applicable to targeted recommendations,group-oriented marketing,access control,and service personalization,where communities are shaped not only by user links but also by service engagement.展开更多
The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We r...The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We retrieved the start of spring phenology(SOS)of eight forest communities from the MODIS products and adopted it as an indicator for spring phenology.Trend analysis,partial correlation analysis,and GeoDetector were employed to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns and climatic drivers of SOS.The results indicated that the SOS presented an advance trend from 2001 to 2020,with a mean rate of−0.473 d yr^(−1).The SOS of most forests correlated negatively with air temperature(TEMP)and positively with precipitation(PRE),suggesting that rising TEMP and increasing PRE in spring would forward and delay SOS,respectively.The dominant factors influencing the sensitivity of SOS to climatic variables were altitude,forest type,and latitude,while the effects of slope and aspect were relatively minor.The response of SOS to climatic factors varied significantly in space and among forest communities,partly due to the influence of altitude,slope,and aspect.展开更多
Arsenic(As)methylation in soils affects the environmental behavior of As,excessive accumulation of dimethylarsenate(DMA)in rice plants leads to straighthead disease and a serious drop in crop yield.Understanding the m...Arsenic(As)methylation in soils affects the environmental behavior of As,excessive accumulation of dimethylarsenate(DMA)in rice plants leads to straighthead disease and a serious drop in crop yield.Understanding the mobility and transformation of methylated arsenic in redox-changing paddy fields is crucial for food security.Here,soils including unarsenic contaminated(N-As),low-arsenic(L-As),medium-arsenic(M-As),and high-arsenic(H-As)soils were incubated under continuous anoxic,continuous oxic,and consecutive anoxic/oxic treatments respectively,to profile arsenic methylating process and microbial species involved in the As cycle.Under anoxic-oxic(A-O)treatment,methylated arsenic was significantly increased once oxygen was introduced into the incubation system.The methylated arsenic concentrations were up to 2-24 times higher than those in anoxic(A),oxic(O),and oxic-anoxic(O-A)treatments,under which arsenic was methylated slightly and then decreased in all four As concentration soils.In fact,the most plentiful arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase genes(arsM)contributed to the increase in As methylation.Proteobacteria(40.8%-62.4%),Firmicutes(3.5%-15.7%),and Desulfobacterota(5.3%-13.3%)were the major microorganisms related to this process.These microbial increasedmarkedly and played more important roles after oxygen was introduced,indicating that they were potential keystone microbial groups for As methylation in the alternating anoxic(flooding)and oxic(drainage)environment.The novel findings provided newinsights into the reoxidation-driven arsenic methylation processes and the model could be used for further risk estimation in periodically flooded paddy fields.展开更多
Numerous studies have examined the impact ofwater quality degradation on bacterial community structure,yet insights into its effects on the bacterial ecological networks remain scarce.In this study,we investigated the...Numerous studies have examined the impact ofwater quality degradation on bacterial community structure,yet insights into its effects on the bacterial ecological networks remain scarce.In this study,we investigated the diversity,composition,assembly patterns,ecological networks,and environmental determinants of bacterial communities across 20 ponds to understand the impact of water quality degradation.Our findings revealed that water quality degradation significantly reduces the α-diversity of bacterial communities in water samples,while sediment samples remain unaffected.Additionally,water quality deterioration increases the complexity of bacterial networks in water samples but reduces it in sediment samples.These shifts in bacterial communities were primarily governed by deterministic processes,with heterogeneous selection being particularly influential.Through redundancy analysis(RDA),multiple regression on matrices(MRM),and Mantel tests,we identified dissolved oxygen(DO),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),and C/N ratio as key factors affecting the composition and network complexity of bacterial communities in both water and sediment.Overall,this study contributes a novel perspective on the effect ofwater quality deterioration on microbial ecosystems and provides valuable insights for improving ecological evaluations and biomonitoring practices related to water quality management.展开更多
Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil con...Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil contamination.Understanding how microbial communities respond to varying pollution levels is critical for developing effective bioremediation strategies.This study examined how different concentrations of crude oil affect soil properties and microbial communities in Qingyang City,eastern Gansu Province,China by comparing lightly polluted(1895.84-2696.54 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)),heavily polluted(4964.25-7153.61 mg/kg TPH),and uncontaminated(CK)soils.Results revealed that petroleum contamination significantly increased total organic carbon(TOC),pH,C:N:P ratio,and the activities of dehydrogenase(DHA)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),while reducing total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(SOM),soil water content(SWC),the activities of urease(URE)and alkaline phosphatase(APA),and microbial alpha diversity(P<0.050).Light pollution(LP)soils demonstrated an increase in culturable microorganisms,whereas heavy pollution(HP)soils exhibited increased hydrocarbon-degrading microbes and higher expression of key functional genes,such as alkane monooxygenase(AlkB),cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylases(P450),catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C23O),and naphthalene dioxygenase(Nah)(P<0.050).Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)and redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated evident variations in microbial community structure across different oil contamination levels.LP soils were dominated by bacterial genera Pseudoxanthomonas and Solimonadaceae,whereas Pseudomonas,Nocardioides,and hydrocarbon-degrading genera(Marinobacter,Idiomarina,and Halomonas)were predominant in HP soils.The fungal genus Pseudallescheria exhibited the most pronounced abundance shift between LP and HP soils(P<0.050).Environmental factor analysis identified AN,SWC,TN,SOM,and alpha diversity indices(Shannon index and Chao1 index)as the key differentiators of CK soils,whereas the pollutant levels and metal content were characterized in HP soils.Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial abundance was a defining trait of HP soils.Metabolic pathway analysis revealed enhanced aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in HP soils,indicating microbial adaptation to severe contamination.These findings demonstrated that crude oil pollution suppressed soil nutrients while reshaping the structure and function of microbial communities.Pollution intensity directly affected microbial composition and degradation potential.This study offers valuable insights into microbial responses across contamination gradients and supports the development of targeted bioremediation strategies for oil-contaminated loess soils.展开更多
Ulva prolifera green tides are becoming aworldwide environmental problem,especially in the Yellow Sea,China.However,the effects of the occurrence of U.prolifera green tides on the community organization and stability ...Ulva prolifera green tides are becoming aworldwide environmental problem,especially in the Yellow Sea,China.However,the effects of the occurrence of U.prolifera green tides on the community organization and stability of surrounding microbiomes have still not been de-termined.Here,the prokaryotic microbial community network stability and assembly char-acteristics were systematically analyzed and compared between the green tide and non-green tide periods.U.prolifera blooms weaken the community complexity and robustness of surrounding microbiomes,increasing fragmentation and decreasing diversity.Bacteria and archaea exhibited distinct community distributions and assembly patterns under the influ-ence of green tides,and bacterial communities were more sensitive to outbreaks of green tides.The bacterial communities exhibited a greater niche breadth and a lower phyloge-netic distance during the occurrence of U.prolifera green tides compared to those during the non-green tide period while archaeal communities remained unchanged,suggesting that the bacterial communities underwent stronger homogeneous selection and more sensitive to green tide blooms than the archaeal communities.Piecewise structural equation model analysis revealed that the different responses of major prokaryotic microbial groups,such as Cyanobacteria,to environmental variables during green tides,were influenced by the variations in pH and nitrate during green tides and correlated with the salinity gradient during the non-green tide period.This study elucidates the response of the adaptability,associations,and stability of surrounding microbiomes to outbreaks of U.prolifera green tides.展开更多
Petroleum extraction and its organic pollutants have numerous negative consequences on the composition and ecological function of grasslands,such as vegetation degradation,reduction in species diversity,and salinizati...Petroleum extraction and its organic pollutants have numerous negative consequences on the composition and ecological function of grasslands,such as vegetation degradation,reduction in species diversity,and salinization.Thus,finding a comprehensive method for polluted soil and restoring grasslands faces many challenges,and the mecha-nism to influence soil environments and microbial commu-nity composition remains unclear.In this study,container experiments explored the potential of sulfonic acid group(–SO3H groups)modified biochar combined with isolated bac-terium(named Y-1,Acinetobacter-spp.)on physicochemical properties and microbial communities of polluted soil.The results show that modified biochar and Y-1 combined addi-tion had the highest petroleum degradation rate(39.4%),and soil nutrients such as dissolved organic carbon(DOC),cat-ion exchange capacity(CEC),available nitrogen,invertase and urease activities in CK were decreased by 35.4,12.1,30,43.2 and 32.5%compared to treatments.The contents of available phosphorus in CM treatment were increased 2.4 times compared to CK.The-SO3H groups efficiently improve salinity by accumulating Ca2+and Mg2+and inhib-iting the aggregation of Na+.The correlation heatmap indi-cated that soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and CEC mark-edly interact with microbial communities.High-throughput sequencing indicated that the biomarkers enriched by the present integrated treatment are crucial for stimulating nitro-gen and phosphorus cycles.The results indicate that-SO3H groups modified biochar,and Y-1 has great potential to serve as a novel bioremediation technology to remediate soil from petroleum pollutants and alkalization and achieve better res-toration of degradation grasslands.展开更多
In recent years,microplastics(MPs)in freshwater lake have been receiving increasing attention;however,the microbial communities on the surface of MPs have not been well studied.To investigate the potential risk posed ...In recent years,microplastics(MPs)in freshwater lake have been receiving increasing attention;however,the microbial communities on the surface of MPs have not been well studied.To investigate the potential risk posed by MPs to the lake ecosystem and its surface microbial community structure,MPs samples were collected in September 2023 in the freshwater Dongting Lake,Hunan,China,at five sites,and the differences in bacterial species community composition and structure between MPs and water samples were analyzed.Results show that MPs(13.71±3.32 items/L)in the samples were mostly black in color,fiber in shape,and PES in composition,and those<0.5 mm in size are dominant.The bacterial composition in water was different from that on MPs.At phylum level,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Cyanobacteria,and Bacteroidetes were dominated in relative abundance in both water and MPs.Proteobacteria was more abundant in MPs than in water.The relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota was significantly lower in MPs than in water.At genus level,Pantoea and Pseudomonas were potentially pathogenic genera in MPs surfaces.The presence of Cyanobacteria and pathogenic bacteria is undoubtedly a potential risk to the deterioration of the water quality.This study revealed the difference in the distribution of bacterial community in water and MPs in Dongting Lake and provided new perspectives to further understanding of MPs pollution in freshwater lakes.展开更多
The taxonomic composition and function of endophytic microbial communities in plants are strongly influenced by environmental changes. The impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the diversity of microbial communities...The taxonomic composition and function of endophytic microbial communities in plants are strongly influenced by environmental changes. The impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the diversity of microbial communities in the underground parts of plants that are tolerant of barren environments throughout their growth period remains largely unexplored. Here, by high-throughput sequencing technology, an experiment was performed at the Pailou Experimental Station of Nanjing Agricultural University, where the soil is a yellow-brown soil, to analyze fluctuations in the microbial communities of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) underground parts in two treatments, application of N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK) and application of only P and K fertilizers (PK), from March 2018 to January 2019. Total, nitrate, and ammonium N contents of soil and Jerusalem artichoke were significantly decreased in the PK treatment. The bacterial community, particularly Acinetobacter, dominated throughout the growth period, peaking in November and accounting for 88.9% and 87.3%, respectively, in the NPK and PK treatments. The absence of N fertilizer (i.e., NP treatment) had minimal effect on the bacterial community composition compared to the fungal community composition. The α-diversity of bacteria in tubers was not substantial, while that in roots was dramatically reduced in July and September in the NP treatment. Notably, the α-diversity of fungal species exhibited more pronounced seasonal variations than that of bacteria under both fertilizer conditions. The lack of N fertilizer lessened the complexity of bacterial network structure and reduced bacterial community similarity (β-diversity) in different months. Interestingly, the β-diversity and network structure of fungal community in the underground tissues of Jerusalem artichoke showed less sensitivity to N fertilizer compared to those of bacterial community. This study improves the understanding of the dynamic response of endophytic microorganisms to N fertilizer application in the underground parts of Jerusalem artichoke tolerant to barren environments.展开更多
Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced b...Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs), a new type of environmental pollutant, can serve as substrates for microbes. Wetland ecosystems support a diverse range of aquatic and terrestrial species, and their ecological functions can be dis...Microplastics(MPs), a new type of environmental pollutant, can serve as substrates for microbes. Wetland ecosystems support a diverse range of aquatic and terrestrial species, and their ecological functions can be disturbed by inputs of microplastic debris. However, limited studies have focused on the interactions between MPs and microbes in wetland ecosystems. In this study, the bacterial communities on MPs in the wetland ecosystem of Poyang Lake, China's largest freshwater lake, were investigated based on 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that the bacterial communities on MPs showed a lower richness and diversity but presented a higher number of unique OTUs than the water and sediment bacterial communities. Furthermore, the structure of the bacterial communities on MPs had a higher similarity to the bacterial compositions of the sediment than of the water, indicating that sediments are an important source of bacteria for MPs. It should be noted that the MPs could enhance the exchange of bacteria between water and sediment. The bacterial composition varied significantly among different substrates and at different sampling times;nevertheless, it showed consistency on the surface of MPs at different sampling sites. Proteobacteria dominated as the most abundant bacterial phylum across all samples. At the genus level, Pseudomonas were distinctly enriched in bacterial communities on MPs. In addition, the results of pathway prediction indicated that the pathways of “human disease” from MPs bacterial communities were higher than those from water and sediment. These results illustrate that the surfaces of MPs serve as distinct habitats for specific bacteria. Environmental factors such as nitrate nitrogen, pH, and organic matter were crucial in shaping the bacterial communities. This study provided a new insight into interactions between MPs and microbes in wetland ecosystems and into the associated potential risks to human health.展开更多
Validamycin is often used to control the diseases caused by Rhizoctonia.To investigate the changes of phyllosphere microbial communities after the application of validamycin,we employed high-throughput sequencing to s...Validamycin is often used to control the diseases caused by Rhizoctonia.To investigate the changes of phyllosphere microbial communities after the application of validamycin,we employed high-throughput sequencing to study the structure and diversity of phyllosphere microbial communities of diseased and healthy tobacco leaves.The results showed that the phyllosphere microbial community structure and diversity altered significantly after the application of validamycin.The diseased leaves showed a decline in Shannon index and rises in ACE and Chao1 indexes.The healthy leaves showed no significant change in Shannon index and increases in ACE and Chao1 indexes.The dominant genera in diseased tobacco leaves were Pseudomonas,Enterobacter,Agrobacterium,and Stenotrophomonas,which showed higher relative abundance than those in healthy leaves.After the application of validamycin,diseased tobacco leaves showcased decreased relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Enterobacter and increased relative abundance of Agrobacterium and Methylobacterium,while healthy leaves showed reduced relative abundance of Methylobacterium.The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the pathways of phyllosphere bacteria of diseased and healthy tobacco leaves mainly had two categories of metabolism and genetic information processing,with differences in relative abundance.The results revealed the changes of phyllosphere microbial community structure and diversity after the application of validamycin and provided a reference for delving into the microecological mechanism of plant disease prevention and control by fungicides.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.I...Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.In this work,we studied the impact of phosphate solubilizing bacterial agent(PSBA)on Cd bioavailability,microbial communities in soil and Cd accumulation in lettuce plants with pot experiment and field trial.Results of pot experiment showed that PSBA could decrease the bioavailability of Cd(Cd-acid extractable from 3.30 to 2.34mg/kg,Cd-reducible from 1.94 to 1.56 mg/kg),promote lettuce plants growth(increased by 33.85%height and by 33.65%fresh weight)and reduce the accumulation of Cd(from 5.85 to 3.73 mg/kg)in lettuce plants.High-throughput sequencing identified that PSBA could change the composition and structure of the soil microbial communities.The relative abundances of the three ecologically beneficial bacterial families of Pseudomonadaceae,Burkholderiaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae increased from 2.29%to 5.13%,0.56%to 5.24%,and 1.87%to 16.93%,respectively.And the former two were positively correlated with redox potential(Eh)(R^(2)=0.474,p<0.05,R^(2)=0.590,p<0.01,respectively).The bacterial networks were more complex in PSBA treatment,reflecting through more links(from 1893 to 2185)and a higher average degree(from 38.242 to 45.052)and density(from 0.390 to 0.469).Results of field trial demonstrated that PSBA could also decrease Cd content in lettuce plants and microbial composition in soil.This study indicated that PSBA could be served as an alternative material in bioremediation of Cd contamination in soil.展开更多
Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in s...Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in sustaining tribal livelihoods while addressing challenges such as climate variability,soil degradation,and market constraints.Adopting a mixed-methods approach,it integrates the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework(SLF)and socio-ecological resilience theory.Data from 120 tribal households across four villages in Banspal block were collected through structured interviews and focus group discussions.A key innovation lies in integrating indigenous knowledge systems with the Problem Facing Index(PFI)methodology to generate quantified,community-driven insights on climate adaptation barriers.Findings reveal that home gardens contribute around ₹10,000 per season to household income,reducing market dependency by over 70% during crises such as the COVID-19 lockdown.Over 75% of households face high to medium challenges due to climate variability(PFI=252),soil degradation(PFI=251),and wildlife intrusions(PFI=250).Other notable constraints include pests(75%)and poor market access(61.7%).Although 82.5% reported no issue with agricultural inputs,water scarcity remains a seasonal concern for 23%.Despite constraints,home gardens were found to enhance all five SLF capitals:natural,human,social,financial,and physical.The study recommends contextsensitive interventions,including seed distribution,organic inputs,weather-based advisories,and strengthened institutional support.It highlights the potential for scaling home garden models across other marginalized agroecological regions in India and Asia,aligning them with national rural development and climate adaptation programs.展开更多
The application of modified biochar has been proven to be a novel and promising strategy to improve saline-alkali soil.However,the effect of iron-modified biochar(FB)on the chemical properties of saline-alkali soil at...The application of modified biochar has been proven to be a novel and promising strategy to improve saline-alkali soil.However,the effect of iron-modified biochar(FB)on the chemical properties of saline-alkali soil at different depths remains unclear.Therefore,we designed a soil column and divided it into three consecutive parts(i.e.,topsoil,middle soil,and subsoil)to explore the amelioration effects of biochar on saline-alkali soil chemical properties and bacterial communities along a depth gradient in the treatments amended with 0.5%(weight/weight)pristine biochar(PB),1%(weight:weight)PB,0.5%(weight:weight)FB,and 1%(weight:weight)FB and without biochar(control,CK).The results showed that soil chemical properties were significantly improved with 1%FB application,while the amelioration effect of FB was different between the topsoil and subsoil.The activities of extracellular enzymes significantly increased in the topsoil and base cations decreased in the subsoil in the FB treatment compared with CK.Moreover,the abundances of halophilic taxa were higher in the subsoil than in the topsoil,especially for Bacteroidetes and Deinococcota.Furthermore,the abundances of beneficial bacteria(e.g.,c_Alphaproteobacteria,Sphingomonas,and Pontibacter)in saline-alkali soil increased in the FB treatment compared with CK.Our results suggest the ameliorative effect of FB on soil properties and bacterial communities along a soil depth gradient,providing a novel strategy for improving saline-alkali soil with biochar.展开更多
With the intensification of global climate change,the frequency and severity of extreme climate events are increasing,making coastal urban communities where population and industries are highly concentrated particular...With the intensification of global climate change,the frequency and severity of extreme climate events are increasing,making coastal urban communities where population and industries are highly concentrated particularly vulnerable and severely threatened.To provide a comprehensive review of research progress in this field,this study conducts a systematic bibliometric analysis based on the Web of Science Core Collection and employs CiteSpace to construct keyword co-occurrence networks and clustering timeline maps.We clarify the multi-dimensional connotations and analytical boundaries of resilience,urban resilience,climate resilience,and coastal community climate resilience.We reveal the knowledge structure and evolutionary trajectory of the field,showing that research hotspots have shifted from single-hazard identification to compound disaster chains and systemic transformation,while methodological approaches have evolved from indicator systems and qualitative reviews toward model simulation and integrated evaluation.Furthermore,comparative analysis of resilience assessment frameworks demonstrates that regional frameworks emphasize contextual adaptability and operational feasibility,whereas universal frameworks stress international benchmarking and comparability,thereby forming methodological complementarity.The findings indicate that resilience building in coastal urban communities should integrate engineering protection,ecosystem-based mitigation,and social governance strategies,while embedding dimensions of equity and environmental justice to achieve controllable disaster risk and sustainable development goals.The study highlights the current fragmentation and significant regional disparities in existing research and calls for future efforts in cross-scale integration,compound disaster simulation,and governance mechanism adaptation,thereby providing theoretical support and practical reference for enhancing climate resilience in coastal communities.展开更多
The Tibetan Plateau has a large number of hot springs with varying temperatures and hydrochemistry,high elevation,and limited nitrogenous nutrition.Nitrogen-fixing bacteria(NFB)can fix N_(2)to form ammonia and thus pr...The Tibetan Plateau has a large number of hot springs with varying temperatures and hydrochemistry,high elevation,and limited nitrogenous nutrition.Nitrogen-fixing bacteria(NFB)can fix N_(2)to form ammonia and thus provide bioavailable nitrogen.However,there is limited knowledge about the distribution of NFB and its influencing factors in Tibetan hot springs.Here,we measured hydrochemical variables of the hot springs with a wide temperature range(32–77°C)in the Qucai and Daggyai geothermal zones on the Tibetan Plateau and investigated the composition of NFB using high-throughput sequencing of 16SrRNA and nif H genes.The Cl^(-)/SO_(4)^(2-)ratio in Qucai hot springs was higher than that in Daggyai,indicating that Qucai and Daggyai hot springs were more affected by the supply of liquid and gaseous phases,respectively.The NFB communities consisted predominantly of Nirtospirae,Chloroflexi,Deltaproteobacteria and an unidentified clade,with the last three acting as the main NFB with over 42%of the communities(the proportions are significantly larger than those found in hot springs of other geothermal regions).This demonstrates the uniqueness of NFB communities in Tibetan hot springs.NFB richness was limited by temperature in the studied Tibetan hot springs and was significantly lower than in low-elevation geothermal regions.The NFB community was predominantly affected by hydrochemistry,in contrast to the entire prokaryotic community,which was primarily influenced by temperature.This study expands our current understanding of NFB distribution and diversity as well as biogeochemical process in geothermal spring environments.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471953)the Educational Department of Liaoning Province Key Research Project(LJ212410153073).
文摘Urban green spaces have positive effects on both physical and mental wellbeing.However,few studies have focused on the trends and thresholds of the effects of different influences on restorative benefits when viewing scenes differfeaturing plant communities.We measured subjective evaluations and objective physiological data from 44 participants who viewed images of plant communities in the yellow to green hue range to compare differences in restorative benefits among plant communities at different visual distances,as well as quantifying the influencing factors involved.The following results were found:(1)Coniferous and multi-layered plant communities were found to provide greater restorative benefits,and the restorative benefits grew with increasing visual distance.(2)Shape and color characteristics were significantly correlated with restorative benefits,but the relationship is not simply linear.(3)The restorative benefits were found to be greatest when crown proportion was 61.23%,trunk proportion ranged from 4.11%to 13.70%,and the value of color index value ranged from 25.44%to 35.56%;the restorative benefits gradually increased when sky proportion exceeded 12.95%-13.19%,the fractal dimension exceeded 1.62-1.67,and hue index exceeded 91.64°-95.67°;additionally,the restorative benefits decreased when the saturation index increased.This study provides a scientific basis for the construction and improvement of plant landscapes in urban green spaces.
基金the funding provided by the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201804910634)the Ecology Fund of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences(KNAWWF/807/19039)to Deyi Wang.
文摘Mycorrhizal symbioses are prevalent in terrestrial ecosystems and play essential roles in plant nutrition and health.However,the relative importance of plant evolutionary history,physiology,and eco-geographical factors in shaping mycorrhizal fungal community assembly remains poorly understood.Here,we investigate how plant phylogeny,trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche collectively influence the diversity and composition of mycorrhizal fungal communities across the Orchidaceae,spanning broad phylogenetic and ecological scales.By using family-wide orchid-fungal associations and global occurrence data,our analyses showed that the variation in fungal diversity and community structure can be partially explained by orchids’trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche,but not by their overall phylogenetic relatedness.Among trophic modes,partially mycoheterotrophic orchids exhibited the highest level of fungal diversity(the lowest level of fungal specificity)in association with a broad range of phylogenetically dispersed fungal partners.Between biogeographical regions,a significantly higher level of fungal specificity was found for orchid species distributed in Australia than those in Eurasia and Africa.Furthermore,multivariate analyses showed that a small portion of the variation in fungal community structure was significantly related to broad climate,soil and vegetation variables,indicating the existence of large-scale habitat filtering on orchid mycorrhizal communities.Altogether,our findings indicate that mycorrhizal communities in the orchid family are likely shaped by multiple,intertwined factors related to orchid ecophysiology and biogeography on a global scale.
文摘Identifying the community structure of complex networks is crucial to extracting insights and understanding network properties.Although several community detection methods have been proposed,many are unsuitable for social networks due to significant limitations.Specifically,most approaches depend mainly on user-user structural links while overlooking service-centric,semantic,and multi-attribute drivers of community formation,and they also lack flexible filtering mechanisms for large-scale,service-oriented settings.Our proposed approach,called community discovery-based service(CDBS),leverages user profiles and their interactions with consulted web services.The method introduces a novel similarity measure,global similarity interaction profile(GSIP),which goes beyond typical similarity measures by unifying user and service profiles for all attributes types into a coherent representation,thereby clarifying its novelty and contribution.It applies multiple filtering criteria related to user attributes,accessed services,and interaction patterns.Experimental comparisons against Louvain,Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering,Label Propagation and Infomap show that CDBS reveals the higher performance as it achieves 0.74 modularity,0.13 conductance,0.77 coverage,and significantly fast response time of 9.8 s,even with 10,000 users and 400 services.Moreover,community discoverybased service consistently detects a larger number of communities with distinct topics of interest,underscoring its capacity to generate detailed and efficient structures in complex networks.These results confirm both the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.Beyond controlled evaluation,communities discovery based service is applicable to targeted recommendations,group-oriented marketing,access control,and service personalization,where communities are shaped not only by user links but also by service engagement.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFE0208100,No.2021YFC3000201Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,No.232300420165。
文摘The Qinba Mountains are climatically and ecologically recognized as the north-south transitional zone of China.Analysis of its phenology is critical for comprehending the response of vegetation to climatic change.We retrieved the start of spring phenology(SOS)of eight forest communities from the MODIS products and adopted it as an indicator for spring phenology.Trend analysis,partial correlation analysis,and GeoDetector were employed to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns and climatic drivers of SOS.The results indicated that the SOS presented an advance trend from 2001 to 2020,with a mean rate of−0.473 d yr^(−1).The SOS of most forests correlated negatively with air temperature(TEMP)and positively with precipitation(PRE),suggesting that rising TEMP and increasing PRE in spring would forward and delay SOS,respectively.The dominant factors influencing the sensitivity of SOS to climatic variables were altitude,forest type,and latitude,while the effects of slope and aspect were relatively minor.The response of SOS to climatic factors varied significantly in space and among forest communities,partly due to the influence of altitude,slope,and aspect.
基金supported by the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation of Major Basic Research Program (No.ZR2020ZD34)the Key Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42230706)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42307164)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos.2023TQ0191 and 2023M732060)the Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.SDBX2023041)and the Qingdao Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.QDBSH20230202052).
文摘Arsenic(As)methylation in soils affects the environmental behavior of As,excessive accumulation of dimethylarsenate(DMA)in rice plants leads to straighthead disease and a serious drop in crop yield.Understanding the mobility and transformation of methylated arsenic in redox-changing paddy fields is crucial for food security.Here,soils including unarsenic contaminated(N-As),low-arsenic(L-As),medium-arsenic(M-As),and high-arsenic(H-As)soils were incubated under continuous anoxic,continuous oxic,and consecutive anoxic/oxic treatments respectively,to profile arsenic methylating process and microbial species involved in the As cycle.Under anoxic-oxic(A-O)treatment,methylated arsenic was significantly increased once oxygen was introduced into the incubation system.The methylated arsenic concentrations were up to 2-24 times higher than those in anoxic(A),oxic(O),and oxic-anoxic(O-A)treatments,under which arsenic was methylated slightly and then decreased in all four As concentration soils.In fact,the most plentiful arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase genes(arsM)contributed to the increase in As methylation.Proteobacteria(40.8%-62.4%),Firmicutes(3.5%-15.7%),and Desulfobacterota(5.3%-13.3%)were the major microorganisms related to this process.These microbial increasedmarkedly and played more important roles after oxygen was introduced,indicating that they were potential keystone microbial groups for As methylation in the alternating anoxic(flooding)and oxic(drainage)environment.The novel findings provided newinsights into the reoxidation-driven arsenic methylation processes and the model could be used for further risk estimation in periodically flooded paddy fields.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LTGS24D010004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(No.42307064)+2 种基金the National Students’platform for innovation and entrepreneurship training program(No.202410346054)Hangzhou“Young science and technology talent cultivation”project(No.4305F45623004)the Fundamental Research Funds for Climbing Project from Hangzhou Normal University(No.KYQD-2023-217).
文摘Numerous studies have examined the impact ofwater quality degradation on bacterial community structure,yet insights into its effects on the bacterial ecological networks remain scarce.In this study,we investigated the diversity,composition,assembly patterns,ecological networks,and environmental determinants of bacterial communities across 20 ponds to understand the impact of water quality degradation.Our findings revealed that water quality degradation significantly reduces the α-diversity of bacterial communities in water samples,while sediment samples remain unaffected.Additionally,water quality deterioration increases the complexity of bacterial networks in water samples but reduces it in sediment samples.These shifts in bacterial communities were primarily governed by deterministic processes,with heterogeneous selection being particularly influential.Through redundancy analysis(RDA),multiple regression on matrices(MRM),and Mantel tests,we identified dissolved oxygen(DO),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),and C/N ratio as key factors affecting the composition and network complexity of bacterial communities in both water and sediment.Overall,this study contributes a novel perspective on the effect ofwater quality deterioration on microbial ecosystems and provides valuable insights for improving ecological evaluations and biomonitoring practices related to water quality management.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(23JRRM0752,22JR5RA345,21JR1RM333)the Project of Science and Technology Specialist in Gansu Province(24CXGM002)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860148)the Research Fund Project for PhD of Longdong University(XYBYZK2208)the Natural Science Foundation of Longdong University(HXZK2488).
文摘Crude oil pollution is a significant global environmental challenge.The eastern Gansu Province on the Loess Plateau,an important agricultural region containing the Changqing Oilfield,is facing increasing crude oil contamination.Understanding how microbial communities respond to varying pollution levels is critical for developing effective bioremediation strategies.This study examined how different concentrations of crude oil affect soil properties and microbial communities in Qingyang City,eastern Gansu Province,China by comparing lightly polluted(1895.84-2696.54 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)),heavily polluted(4964.25-7153.61 mg/kg TPH),and uncontaminated(CK)soils.Results revealed that petroleum contamination significantly increased total organic carbon(TOC),pH,C:N:P ratio,and the activities of dehydrogenase(DHA)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),while reducing total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(SOM),soil water content(SWC),the activities of urease(URE)and alkaline phosphatase(APA),and microbial alpha diversity(P<0.050).Light pollution(LP)soils demonstrated an increase in culturable microorganisms,whereas heavy pollution(HP)soils exhibited increased hydrocarbon-degrading microbes and higher expression of key functional genes,such as alkane monooxygenase(AlkB),cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylases(P450),catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(C23O),and naphthalene dioxygenase(Nah)(P<0.050).Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)and redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated evident variations in microbial community structure across different oil contamination levels.LP soils were dominated by bacterial genera Pseudoxanthomonas and Solimonadaceae,whereas Pseudomonas,Nocardioides,and hydrocarbon-degrading genera(Marinobacter,Idiomarina,and Halomonas)were predominant in HP soils.The fungal genus Pseudallescheria exhibited the most pronounced abundance shift between LP and HP soils(P<0.050).Environmental factor analysis identified AN,SWC,TN,SOM,and alpha diversity indices(Shannon index and Chao1 index)as the key differentiators of CK soils,whereas the pollutant levels and metal content were characterized in HP soils.Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial abundance was a defining trait of HP soils.Metabolic pathway analysis revealed enhanced aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in HP soils,indicating microbial adaptation to severe contamination.These findings demonstrated that crude oil pollution suppressed soil nutrients while reshaping the structure and function of microbial communities.Pollution intensity directly affected microbial composition and degradation potential.This study offers valuable insights into microbial responses across contamination gradients and supports the development of targeted bioremediation strategies for oil-contaminated loess soils.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2807500)Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203201)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42206147,42120104006 and 42176111)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2022QD046,ZR2021QD051).
文摘Ulva prolifera green tides are becoming aworldwide environmental problem,especially in the Yellow Sea,China.However,the effects of the occurrence of U.prolifera green tides on the community organization and stability of surrounding microbiomes have still not been de-termined.Here,the prokaryotic microbial community network stability and assembly char-acteristics were systematically analyzed and compared between the green tide and non-green tide periods.U.prolifera blooms weaken the community complexity and robustness of surrounding microbiomes,increasing fragmentation and decreasing diversity.Bacteria and archaea exhibited distinct community distributions and assembly patterns under the influ-ence of green tides,and bacterial communities were more sensitive to outbreaks of green tides.The bacterial communities exhibited a greater niche breadth and a lower phyloge-netic distance during the occurrence of U.prolifera green tides compared to those during the non-green tide period while archaeal communities remained unchanged,suggesting that the bacterial communities underwent stronger homogeneous selection and more sensitive to green tide blooms than the archaeal communities.Piecewise structural equation model analysis revealed that the different responses of major prokaryotic microbial groups,such as Cyanobacteria,to environmental variables during green tides,were influenced by the variations in pH and nitrate during green tides and correlated with the salinity gradient during the non-green tide period.This study elucidates the response of the adaptability,associations,and stability of surrounding microbiomes to outbreaks of U.prolifera green tides.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2023E009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572021BA01)the Ecological and Environmental Protection project of Heilongjiang Province(HST2022ST004).
文摘Petroleum extraction and its organic pollutants have numerous negative consequences on the composition and ecological function of grasslands,such as vegetation degradation,reduction in species diversity,and salinization.Thus,finding a comprehensive method for polluted soil and restoring grasslands faces many challenges,and the mecha-nism to influence soil environments and microbial commu-nity composition remains unclear.In this study,container experiments explored the potential of sulfonic acid group(–SO3H groups)modified biochar combined with isolated bac-terium(named Y-1,Acinetobacter-spp.)on physicochemical properties and microbial communities of polluted soil.The results show that modified biochar and Y-1 combined addi-tion had the highest petroleum degradation rate(39.4%),and soil nutrients such as dissolved organic carbon(DOC),cat-ion exchange capacity(CEC),available nitrogen,invertase and urease activities in CK were decreased by 35.4,12.1,30,43.2 and 32.5%compared to treatments.The contents of available phosphorus in CM treatment were increased 2.4 times compared to CK.The-SO3H groups efficiently improve salinity by accumulating Ca2+and Mg2+and inhib-iting the aggregation of Na+.The correlation heatmap indi-cated that soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and CEC mark-edly interact with microbial communities.High-throughput sequencing indicated that the biomarkers enriched by the present integrated treatment are crucial for stimulating nitro-gen and phosphorus cycles.The results indicate that-SO3H groups modified biochar,and Y-1 has great potential to serve as a novel bioremediation technology to remediate soil from petroleum pollutants and alkalization and achieve better res-toration of degradation grasslands.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52209048,52109083)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2024JJ5207,2021JJ40100)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Building Chenzhou National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zone in Hunan Province(No.2022sfq51)the China National University Student Innovation&Entrepreneurship Development Program(No.S202310536023)。
文摘In recent years,microplastics(MPs)in freshwater lake have been receiving increasing attention;however,the microbial communities on the surface of MPs have not been well studied.To investigate the potential risk posed by MPs to the lake ecosystem and its surface microbial community structure,MPs samples were collected in September 2023 in the freshwater Dongting Lake,Hunan,China,at five sites,and the differences in bacterial species community composition and structure between MPs and water samples were analyzed.Results show that MPs(13.71±3.32 items/L)in the samples were mostly black in color,fiber in shape,and PES in composition,and those<0.5 mm in size are dominant.The bacterial composition in water was different from that on MPs.At phylum level,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Cyanobacteria,and Bacteroidetes were dominated in relative abundance in both water and MPs.Proteobacteria was more abundant in MPs than in water.The relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota was significantly lower in MPs than in water.At genus level,Pantoea and Pseudomonas were potentially pathogenic genera in MPs surfaces.The presence of Cyanobacteria and pathogenic bacteria is undoubtedly a potential risk to the deterioration of the water quality.This study revealed the difference in the distribution of bacterial community in water and MPs in Dongting Lake and provided new perspectives to further understanding of MPs pollution in freshwater lakes.
基金supported by the Foreign Experts Project of China(No.G2022145002 L)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31571702)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(No.809001).
文摘The taxonomic composition and function of endophytic microbial communities in plants are strongly influenced by environmental changes. The impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the diversity of microbial communities in the underground parts of plants that are tolerant of barren environments throughout their growth period remains largely unexplored. Here, by high-throughput sequencing technology, an experiment was performed at the Pailou Experimental Station of Nanjing Agricultural University, where the soil is a yellow-brown soil, to analyze fluctuations in the microbial communities of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) underground parts in two treatments, application of N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK) and application of only P and K fertilizers (PK), from March 2018 to January 2019. Total, nitrate, and ammonium N contents of soil and Jerusalem artichoke were significantly decreased in the PK treatment. The bacterial community, particularly Acinetobacter, dominated throughout the growth period, peaking in November and accounting for 88.9% and 87.3%, respectively, in the NPK and PK treatments. The absence of N fertilizer (i.e., NP treatment) had minimal effect on the bacterial community composition compared to the fungal community composition. The α-diversity of bacteria in tubers was not substantial, while that in roots was dramatically reduced in July and September in the NP treatment. Notably, the α-diversity of fungal species exhibited more pronounced seasonal variations than that of bacteria under both fertilizer conditions. The lack of N fertilizer lessened the complexity of bacterial network structure and reduced bacterial community similarity (β-diversity) in different months. Interestingly, the β-diversity and network structure of fungal community in the underground tissues of Jerusalem artichoke showed less sensitivity to N fertilizer compared to those of bacterial community. This study improves the understanding of the dynamic response of endophytic microorganisms to N fertilizer application in the underground parts of Jerusalem artichoke tolerant to barren environments.
基金The Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,China under contract Nos SZ2302 and JG2209.
文摘Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.42007389,42177039,32060275)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No.20212ACB203006)。
文摘Microplastics(MPs), a new type of environmental pollutant, can serve as substrates for microbes. Wetland ecosystems support a diverse range of aquatic and terrestrial species, and their ecological functions can be disturbed by inputs of microplastic debris. However, limited studies have focused on the interactions between MPs and microbes in wetland ecosystems. In this study, the bacterial communities on MPs in the wetland ecosystem of Poyang Lake, China's largest freshwater lake, were investigated based on 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that the bacterial communities on MPs showed a lower richness and diversity but presented a higher number of unique OTUs than the water and sediment bacterial communities. Furthermore, the structure of the bacterial communities on MPs had a higher similarity to the bacterial compositions of the sediment than of the water, indicating that sediments are an important source of bacteria for MPs. It should be noted that the MPs could enhance the exchange of bacteria between water and sediment. The bacterial composition varied significantly among different substrates and at different sampling times;nevertheless, it showed consistency on the surface of MPs at different sampling sites. Proteobacteria dominated as the most abundant bacterial phylum across all samples. At the genus level, Pseudomonas were distinctly enriched in bacterial communities on MPs. In addition, the results of pathway prediction indicated that the pathways of “human disease” from MPs bacterial communities were higher than those from water and sediment. These results illustrate that the surfaces of MPs serve as distinct habitats for specific bacteria. Environmental factors such as nitrate nitrogen, pH, and organic matter were crucial in shaping the bacterial communities. This study provided a new insight into interactions between MPs and microbes in wetland ecosystems and into the associated potential risks to human health.
文摘Validamycin is often used to control the diseases caused by Rhizoctonia.To investigate the changes of phyllosphere microbial communities after the application of validamycin,we employed high-throughput sequencing to study the structure and diversity of phyllosphere microbial communities of diseased and healthy tobacco leaves.The results showed that the phyllosphere microbial community structure and diversity altered significantly after the application of validamycin.The diseased leaves showed a decline in Shannon index and rises in ACE and Chao1 indexes.The healthy leaves showed no significant change in Shannon index and increases in ACE and Chao1 indexes.The dominant genera in diseased tobacco leaves were Pseudomonas,Enterobacter,Agrobacterium,and Stenotrophomonas,which showed higher relative abundance than those in healthy leaves.After the application of validamycin,diseased tobacco leaves showcased decreased relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Enterobacter and increased relative abundance of Agrobacterium and Methylobacterium,while healthy leaves showed reduced relative abundance of Methylobacterium.The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the pathways of phyllosphere bacteria of diseased and healthy tobacco leaves mainly had two categories of metabolism and genetic information processing,with differences in relative abundance.The results revealed the changes of phyllosphere microbial community structure and diversity after the application of validamycin and provided a reference for delving into the microecological mechanism of plant disease prevention and control by fungicides.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Programs of Department of Natural Resources of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2020006)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LGF22D030001)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2021C04020)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil can lead to food chain accumulation and greatly impacts on human health.Bioremediation has gained more and more attention due to its environment-friendly,high efficiency and low-cost.In this work,we studied the impact of phosphate solubilizing bacterial agent(PSBA)on Cd bioavailability,microbial communities in soil and Cd accumulation in lettuce plants with pot experiment and field trial.Results of pot experiment showed that PSBA could decrease the bioavailability of Cd(Cd-acid extractable from 3.30 to 2.34mg/kg,Cd-reducible from 1.94 to 1.56 mg/kg),promote lettuce plants growth(increased by 33.85%height and by 33.65%fresh weight)and reduce the accumulation of Cd(from 5.85 to 3.73 mg/kg)in lettuce plants.High-throughput sequencing identified that PSBA could change the composition and structure of the soil microbial communities.The relative abundances of the three ecologically beneficial bacterial families of Pseudomonadaceae,Burkholderiaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae increased from 2.29%to 5.13%,0.56%to 5.24%,and 1.87%to 16.93%,respectively.And the former two were positively correlated with redox potential(Eh)(R^(2)=0.474,p<0.05,R^(2)=0.590,p<0.01,respectively).The bacterial networks were more complex in PSBA treatment,reflecting through more links(from 1893 to 2185)and a higher average degree(from 38.242 to 45.052)and density(from 0.390 to 0.469).Results of field trial demonstrated that PSBA could also decrease Cd content in lettuce plants and microbial composition in soil.This study indicated that PSBA could be served as an alternative material in bioremediation of Cd contamination in soil.
文摘Home gardens serve as a crucial adaptation strategy for tribal communities in Keonjhar district,Odisha,enhancing food security,income generation,and climate resilience.This study examines the role of home gardens in sustaining tribal livelihoods while addressing challenges such as climate variability,soil degradation,and market constraints.Adopting a mixed-methods approach,it integrates the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework(SLF)and socio-ecological resilience theory.Data from 120 tribal households across four villages in Banspal block were collected through structured interviews and focus group discussions.A key innovation lies in integrating indigenous knowledge systems with the Problem Facing Index(PFI)methodology to generate quantified,community-driven insights on climate adaptation barriers.Findings reveal that home gardens contribute around ₹10,000 per season to household income,reducing market dependency by over 70% during crises such as the COVID-19 lockdown.Over 75% of households face high to medium challenges due to climate variability(PFI=252),soil degradation(PFI=251),and wildlife intrusions(PFI=250).Other notable constraints include pests(75%)and poor market access(61.7%).Although 82.5% reported no issue with agricultural inputs,water scarcity remains a seasonal concern for 23%.Despite constraints,home gardens were found to enhance all five SLF capitals:natural,human,social,financial,and physical.The study recommends contextsensitive interventions,including seed distribution,organic inputs,weather-based advisories,and strengthened institutional support.It highlights the potential for scaling home garden models across other marginalized agroecological regions in India and Asia,aligning them with national rural development and climate adaptation programs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42577377).
文摘The application of modified biochar has been proven to be a novel and promising strategy to improve saline-alkali soil.However,the effect of iron-modified biochar(FB)on the chemical properties of saline-alkali soil at different depths remains unclear.Therefore,we designed a soil column and divided it into three consecutive parts(i.e.,topsoil,middle soil,and subsoil)to explore the amelioration effects of biochar on saline-alkali soil chemical properties and bacterial communities along a depth gradient in the treatments amended with 0.5%(weight/weight)pristine biochar(PB),1%(weight:weight)PB,0.5%(weight:weight)FB,and 1%(weight:weight)FB and without biochar(control,CK).The results showed that soil chemical properties were significantly improved with 1%FB application,while the amelioration effect of FB was different between the topsoil and subsoil.The activities of extracellular enzymes significantly increased in the topsoil and base cations decreased in the subsoil in the FB treatment compared with CK.Moreover,the abundances of halophilic taxa were higher in the subsoil than in the topsoil,especially for Bacteroidetes and Deinococcota.Furthermore,the abundances of beneficial bacteria(e.g.,c_Alphaproteobacteria,Sphingomonas,and Pontibacter)in saline-alkali soil increased in the FB treatment compared with CK.Our results suggest the ameliorative effect of FB on soil properties and bacterial communities along a soil depth gradient,providing a novel strategy for improving saline-alkali soil with biochar.
基金Key Special Project of the Decision-Making Consultation and Research Base of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government:Comprehensive Evaluation of Climate Adaptation and Resilience Strategies in International Metropolises(Grants No.2025-JD-48)。
文摘With the intensification of global climate change,the frequency and severity of extreme climate events are increasing,making coastal urban communities where population and industries are highly concentrated particularly vulnerable and severely threatened.To provide a comprehensive review of research progress in this field,this study conducts a systematic bibliometric analysis based on the Web of Science Core Collection and employs CiteSpace to construct keyword co-occurrence networks and clustering timeline maps.We clarify the multi-dimensional connotations and analytical boundaries of resilience,urban resilience,climate resilience,and coastal community climate resilience.We reveal the knowledge structure and evolutionary trajectory of the field,showing that research hotspots have shifted from single-hazard identification to compound disaster chains and systemic transformation,while methodological approaches have evolved from indicator systems and qualitative reviews toward model simulation and integrated evaluation.Furthermore,comparative analysis of resilience assessment frameworks demonstrates that regional frameworks emphasize contextual adaptability and operational feasibility,whereas universal frameworks stress international benchmarking and comparability,thereby forming methodological complementarity.The findings indicate that resilience building in coastal urban communities should integrate engineering protection,ecosystem-based mitigation,and social governance strategies,while embedding dimensions of equity and environmental justice to achieve controllable disaster risk and sustainable development goals.The study highlights the current fragmentation and significant regional disparities in existing research and calls for future efforts in cross-scale integration,compound disaster simulation,and governance mechanism adaptation,thereby providing theoretical support and practical reference for enhancing climate resilience in coastal communities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31300430,42172339,91951205)Key Scientific Research Project Plan of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(No.18A180002)Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(No.152102310352)。
文摘The Tibetan Plateau has a large number of hot springs with varying temperatures and hydrochemistry,high elevation,and limited nitrogenous nutrition.Nitrogen-fixing bacteria(NFB)can fix N_(2)to form ammonia and thus provide bioavailable nitrogen.However,there is limited knowledge about the distribution of NFB and its influencing factors in Tibetan hot springs.Here,we measured hydrochemical variables of the hot springs with a wide temperature range(32–77°C)in the Qucai and Daggyai geothermal zones on the Tibetan Plateau and investigated the composition of NFB using high-throughput sequencing of 16SrRNA and nif H genes.The Cl^(-)/SO_(4)^(2-)ratio in Qucai hot springs was higher than that in Daggyai,indicating that Qucai and Daggyai hot springs were more affected by the supply of liquid and gaseous phases,respectively.The NFB communities consisted predominantly of Nirtospirae,Chloroflexi,Deltaproteobacteria and an unidentified clade,with the last three acting as the main NFB with over 42%of the communities(the proportions are significantly larger than those found in hot springs of other geothermal regions).This demonstrates the uniqueness of NFB communities in Tibetan hot springs.NFB richness was limited by temperature in the studied Tibetan hot springs and was significantly lower than in low-elevation geothermal regions.The NFB community was predominantly affected by hydrochemistry,in contrast to the entire prokaryotic community,which was primarily influenced by temperature.This study expands our current understanding of NFB distribution and diversity as well as biogeochemical process in geothermal spring environments.
