Background:Interest in the use of natural feed additives as an alternative to antimicrobials in the poultry industry has increased in recent years because of the risk of bacterial resistance.One of the most studied gr...Background:Interest in the use of natural feed additives as an alternative to antimicrobials in the poultry industry has increased in recent years because of the risk of bacterial resistance.One of the most studied groups are polyphenolic compounds,given their advantages over other types of additives and their easy potentiation of effects when complexes are formed with metal ions.Therefore,the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation of copper acetate(CA),curcumin(CR),and their combination(CA-CR)against Salmonella Typhimurium colonization,intestinal permeability,and cecal microbiota composition in broiler chickens through a laboratory Salmonella infection model.S.Typhimurium recovery was determined on day 10 post-challenge by isolating Salmonella in homogenates of the right cecal tonsil(12 chickens per group)on Xylose Lysine Tergitol-4(XLT-4)with novobiocin and nalidixic acid.Intestinal integrity was indirectly determined by the fluorometric measurement of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)in serum samples from blood obtained on d 10 post-S.Typhimurium challenge.Finally,microbiota analysis was performed using the content of the left caecal tonsil of 5 chickens per group by sequencing V4 region of 16S rRNA gene.Results:The results showed that in two independent studies,all experimental treatments were able to significantly reduce the S.Typhimurium colonization in cecal tonsils(CT,P<0.0001)compared to the positive control(PC)group.However,only CA-CR was the most effective treatment in reducing S.Typhimurium counts in both independent studies.Furthermore,the serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)concentration in chickens treated with CR was significantly lower when compared to PC(P=0.0084),which is related to a decrease in intestinal permeability and therefore intestinal integrity.The effect of dietary treatments in reducing Salmonella was further supported by the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences using Linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)since Salmonella was significantly enriched in PC group(LDA score>2.0 and P<0.05)compared to other groups.In addition,Coprobacillus,Eubacterium,and Clostridium were significantly higher in the PC group compared to other treatment groups.On the contrary,Fecalibacterium and Enterococcus in CR,unknown genus of Erysipelotrichaceae at CA-CR,and unknown genus of Lachnospiraceae at CA were significantly more abundant respectively.Conclusions:CR treatment was the most effective treatment to reduce S.Typhimurium intestinal colonization and maintain better intestinal homeostasis which might be achieved through modulation of cecal microbiota.展开更多
Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) is a treatment of moderate hypoxia that simulates high altitude interrupted by normoxia. Growing evidence shows that CIHH has multiple beneficial effects on
Extensive evidence demonstrates that a healthy and well-balanced gut microbiota profoundly influences host nutrient absorption,immunity,and metabolism.Unlike mammals,early microbiota colonization in commercial poultry...Extensive evidence demonstrates that a healthy and well-balanced gut microbiota profoundly influences host nutrient absorption,immunity,and metabolism.Unlike mammals,early microbiota colonization in commercial poultry largely depends on the environment as chicks hatch in incubators under a relatively sterile environment(egg and incubator sterilization)without maternal-offspring interaction.The early gut microbiota remains unsaturated,providing a critical window for modulation and influencing the subsequent microbiota succession,which may have long-term health outcomes.Microbiota transplantation(MT)involves transferring the microbiota from a donor to a recipient to modulate the recipient’s microbiota toward a desired state.Successfully applied in human medicine,MT is also gaining attention in poultry production to modulate intestinal health.This review comprehensively explores factors affecting MT,its mechanisms,and its potential applications in chickens,providing insights for further research and commercial use.展开更多
BACKGROUND A palatal radicular groove is an unusual developmental deformity of the tooth,which may serve as a channel linking the periodontal and periapical inflammation,and yet no literature could be obtained analyzi...BACKGROUND A palatal radicular groove is an unusual developmental deformity of the tooth,which may serve as a channel linking the periodontal and periapical inflammation,and yet no literature could be obtained analyzing microbiota within the palatal radicular grooves.CASE SUMMARY Four patients diagnosed with palatal radicular groove and concomitant periodontal-endodontic deformity in permanent maxillary lateral incisors were enrolled in this work.Twelve bacterial samples from 4 patients were collected from different parts of the palatal radicular groove during intentional replantation surgery.Illumina sequencing was performed to analyze the taxonomical composition and microbiome structure inside the palatal grooves,and 1162 operational taxonomic units were obtained.The phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria predominated in most of the samples.An unknown genus from the Bacillaceae family,Lactococcus,and Porphyromonas were the most abundant genera identified.There was no difference in the microbiota richness and diversity in three sections of the groove.CONCLUSION The unique ecological niches inside the palatal grooves harbored bacterial communities that shared some component features of both the endodontic and periodontal infections.The existence of palatal groove may play an interaction bridge between the root apex and tooth cervix and thus impair the outcome of traditional therapeutic methods such as root canal treatment and periodontal management.展开更多
Background:Gut microbiota plays a key role in health,immunity,digestion,and production in layers.Factors such as environment,diet,diseases,stress,and flock management significantly affect gut microbiota;however,it is ...Background:Gut microbiota plays a key role in health,immunity,digestion,and production in layers.Factors such as environment,diet,diseases,stress,and flock management significantly affect gut microbiota;however,it is not known how potential stressors such as intramuscular injections or feed withdrawal alter the composition of gut microbiota that result in increased the shedding level of foodborne pathogens.In the current study,the effects of intramuscular corticosterone injection and feed withdrawal were evaluated to understand their role in Salmonella Typhimurium shedding and changes in the composition of gut microbiota in layers.Results:Salmonella shedding was observed for 8 weeks post-infection.There was a significant increase in Salmonella Typhimurium count after intramuscular injection and feed withdrawal.The Salmonella infected and the negative control groups showed significant differences in the abundance of different genera in gut microbiota at week 1 and up to week 7 post infection.The infected group showed a significant reduction in alpha diversity of gut microbiota.Firmicutes reduced significantly(P<0.05)after intramuscular injection,while the feed withdrawal groups did not cause any significant changes in Proteobacteria-Firmicutes ratio.Furthermore,intramuscular injection resulted in a significant change in alpha diversity of gut microbiota.Conclusions:Exposure of chicks to relatively low dose of Salmonella Typhimurium can lead to persistent shedding in pullets.The Salmonella Typhimurium infection disrupted the gut microbiota composition immediately after infection.The potential stress of intramuscular injection and feed withdrawal significantly increased the Salmonella Typhimurium count in faeces.The intramuscular injection also resulted in a significant alteration of the Proteobacteria-Firmicutes ratio,which could increase the risk of dysbiosis.展开更多
Background Dietary variation has been identified as a key contributor to microbiome diversification.However,assessing its true impact in a cross-sectional setting is complicated by biological confounders and methodolo...Background Dietary variation has been identified as a key contributor to microbiome diversification.However,assessing its true impact in a cross-sectional setting is complicated by biological confounders and methodological hurdles.We aimed to estimate the impact of a reduction of dietary variation(dietary convergence)on faecal microbiota composition among individuals consuming a Western-type diet.Methods 18 healthy volunteers recruited in the region of Flanders(Belgium)were followed up for 21 days.Participants were allowed to consume their habitual diet during a baseline and follow-up period(7 and 8 days,respectively),intersected by a 6-day intervention during which dietary options were restricted to oat flakes,whole milk and still water.Faecal samples were collected on a daily basis.Quantitative microbiome profiles were constructed,combining 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with flow cytometry cell counting.Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of each study week.Results While the intervention did not affect transit time(as assessed through the analysis of stool moisture),consumption of the restricted diet resulted in an increased prevalence of the Bacteroides2 microbiome community type.Microbial load and Faecalibacterium abundance decreased markedly.Despite dietary restrictions,no convergence of microbial communities(reduction of interindividual and intraindividual variation)was observed.The effect size(ES)of the intervention on genus-level microbiome community differentiation was estimated as 3.4%,but substantial interindividual variation was observed(1.67%–16.42%).Conclusion The impact of dietary variation on microbiome composition in a Western population is significant but limited in ES,with notable individual exceptions.Dietary convergence does not invariably translate into interindividual convergence of faecal microbial communities.展开更多
Despite the growing awareness on the importance of gut microbiomes,understanding marine mammal gut microbiomes remains limited due to difficulties in sampling.Spotted dolphins(Stenella attenuata)are widely spread ocea...Despite the growing awareness on the importance of gut microbiomes,understanding marine mammal gut microbiomes remains limited due to difficulties in sampling.Spotted dolphins(Stenella attenuata)are widely spread oceanic cetaceans,and there is a gap in knowledge regarding their gut microbiology.In this study,we opportunistically collected samples from both wild and human-cared spotted dolphins in the southern waters of Hainan Island,China.This provided the opportunity to examine the composition and diversity of the gut microbial communities of this cetacean species.Since these dolphins inhabit a similar water environment,different food sources might be the primary factor distinguishing the gut microbiomes of wild and human-cared populations,offering valuable experimental material to investigate potential differences in gut microbial community structure among marine mammals in similar environments but with varying food sources.We found that the gastrointestinal microbial community structure of wild and human-cared dolphins demonstrated significant differences,both overall and at specific locations.However,no significant difference was observed in the microbial diversity of their gastrointestinal tracts,indicating that the disparities primarily lie in microbiota composition.Additionally,we detected numerous potentially pathogenic bacteria,suggesting a comprehensive future study of marine mammal gut microbiology.Such a study might involve determining health indicator factors associated with these microbiomes.Our study not only supplements information on the gut microbiology of spotted dolphins but also delves into the similarities and differences in gastrointestinal microbial communities within the same marine mammal species when food source variations play a significant role in their lives.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is characterised by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract,with unclear aetiology but with known factors contributing to the disease,including genetics,immune responses,envir...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is characterised by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract,with unclear aetiology but with known factors contributing to the disease,including genetics,immune responses,environmental factors and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.Existing pharmacotherapies mainly target the inflammatory symptoms of disease,but recent research has highlighted the capacity for microbial-accessible carbohydrates that confer health benefits(ie,prebiotics)to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria for improved IBD management.However,since prebiotics vary in source,chemical composition and microbiota effects,there is a clear need to understand the impact of prebiotic selection on IBD treatment outcomes.This review subsequently explores and contrasts the efficacy of prebiotics from various sources(β-fructans,galacto-oligosaccharides,xylo-oligosaccharides,resistant starch,pectin,β-glucans,glucomannans and arabinoxylans)in mitigating IBD symptomatology,when used as either standalone or adjuvant therapies.In preclinical animal colitis models,prebiotics have revealed type-dependent effects in positively modulating gut microbiota composition and subsequent attenuation of disease indicators and proinflammatory responses.While prebiotics have demonstrated therapeutic potential in animal models,clinical evidence for their precise efficacy remains limited,stressing the need for further investigation in human patients with IBD to facilitate their widespread clinical translation as microbiota-targeting IBD therapies.展开更多
基金Research was supported in part by funds provided by USDA-NIFA Sustainable Agriculture Systems,Grant No.2019-69012-29905Title of Project:Empowering US Broiler Production for Transformation and Sustainability USDA-NIFA(Sustainable Agriculture Systems):No.2019-69012-29905.
文摘Background:Interest in the use of natural feed additives as an alternative to antimicrobials in the poultry industry has increased in recent years because of the risk of bacterial resistance.One of the most studied groups are polyphenolic compounds,given their advantages over other types of additives and their easy potentiation of effects when complexes are formed with metal ions.Therefore,the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation of copper acetate(CA),curcumin(CR),and their combination(CA-CR)against Salmonella Typhimurium colonization,intestinal permeability,and cecal microbiota composition in broiler chickens through a laboratory Salmonella infection model.S.Typhimurium recovery was determined on day 10 post-challenge by isolating Salmonella in homogenates of the right cecal tonsil(12 chickens per group)on Xylose Lysine Tergitol-4(XLT-4)with novobiocin and nalidixic acid.Intestinal integrity was indirectly determined by the fluorometric measurement of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)in serum samples from blood obtained on d 10 post-S.Typhimurium challenge.Finally,microbiota analysis was performed using the content of the left caecal tonsil of 5 chickens per group by sequencing V4 region of 16S rRNA gene.Results:The results showed that in two independent studies,all experimental treatments were able to significantly reduce the S.Typhimurium colonization in cecal tonsils(CT,P<0.0001)compared to the positive control(PC)group.However,only CA-CR was the most effective treatment in reducing S.Typhimurium counts in both independent studies.Furthermore,the serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)concentration in chickens treated with CR was significantly lower when compared to PC(P=0.0084),which is related to a decrease in intestinal permeability and therefore intestinal integrity.The effect of dietary treatments in reducing Salmonella was further supported by the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences using Linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)since Salmonella was significantly enriched in PC group(LDA score>2.0 and P<0.05)compared to other groups.In addition,Coprobacillus,Eubacterium,and Clostridium were significantly higher in the PC group compared to other treatment groups.On the contrary,Fecalibacterium and Enterococcus in CR,unknown genus of Erysipelotrichaceae at CA-CR,and unknown genus of Lachnospiraceae at CA were significantly more abundant respectively.Conclusions:CR treatment was the most effective treatment to reduce S.Typhimurium intestinal colonization and maintain better intestinal homeostasis which might be achieved through modulation of cecal microbiota.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Development Program of China [2012CB518200]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [31271223 and 31071002]
文摘Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) is a treatment of moderate hypoxia that simulates high altitude interrupted by normoxia. Growing evidence shows that CIHH has multiple beneficial effects on
基金Haoran Zhao would like to acknowledge the support provided by China Scholarship Council(CSC)of the Ministry of Education,P.R.China(CSC No.202206850006)supported by funding from VLAIO with project number(HBC.2023.0172),HEPPY Markers-Establishment of biomarkers of Health and Eubiosis in Pigs and Poultry.
文摘Extensive evidence demonstrates that a healthy and well-balanced gut microbiota profoundly influences host nutrient absorption,immunity,and metabolism.Unlike mammals,early microbiota colonization in commercial poultry largely depends on the environment as chicks hatch in incubators under a relatively sterile environment(egg and incubator sterilization)without maternal-offspring interaction.The early gut microbiota remains unsaturated,providing a critical window for modulation and influencing the subsequent microbiota succession,which may have long-term health outcomes.Microbiota transplantation(MT)involves transferring the microbiota from a donor to a recipient to modulate the recipient’s microbiota toward a desired state.Successfully applied in human medicine,MT is also gaining attention in poultry production to modulate intestinal health.This review comprehensively explores factors affecting MT,its mechanisms,and its potential applications in chickens,providing insights for further research and commercial use.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82001037the Research and Develop Program,West China Hospital of Stomatology,Sichuan University,No.RD-02-202007.
文摘BACKGROUND A palatal radicular groove is an unusual developmental deformity of the tooth,which may serve as a channel linking the periodontal and periapical inflammation,and yet no literature could be obtained analyzing microbiota within the palatal radicular grooves.CASE SUMMARY Four patients diagnosed with palatal radicular groove and concomitant periodontal-endodontic deformity in permanent maxillary lateral incisors were enrolled in this work.Twelve bacterial samples from 4 patients were collected from different parts of the palatal radicular groove during intentional replantation surgery.Illumina sequencing was performed to analyze the taxonomical composition and microbiome structure inside the palatal grooves,and 1162 operational taxonomic units were obtained.The phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria predominated in most of the samples.An unknown genus from the Bacillaceae family,Lactococcus,and Porphyromonas were the most abundant genera identified.There was no difference in the microbiota richness and diversity in three sections of the groove.CONCLUSION The unique ecological niches inside the palatal grooves harbored bacterial communities that shared some component features of both the endodontic and periodontal infections.The existence of palatal groove may play an interaction bridge between the root apex and tooth cervix and thus impair the outcome of traditional therapeutic methods such as root canal treatment and periodontal management.
基金post graduate research scholarships from the Australian Eggs and the University of Adelaide。
文摘Background:Gut microbiota plays a key role in health,immunity,digestion,and production in layers.Factors such as environment,diet,diseases,stress,and flock management significantly affect gut microbiota;however,it is not known how potential stressors such as intramuscular injections or feed withdrawal alter the composition of gut microbiota that result in increased the shedding level of foodborne pathogens.In the current study,the effects of intramuscular corticosterone injection and feed withdrawal were evaluated to understand their role in Salmonella Typhimurium shedding and changes in the composition of gut microbiota in layers.Results:Salmonella shedding was observed for 8 weeks post-infection.There was a significant increase in Salmonella Typhimurium count after intramuscular injection and feed withdrawal.The Salmonella infected and the negative control groups showed significant differences in the abundance of different genera in gut microbiota at week 1 and up to week 7 post infection.The infected group showed a significant reduction in alpha diversity of gut microbiota.Firmicutes reduced significantly(P<0.05)after intramuscular injection,while the feed withdrawal groups did not cause any significant changes in Proteobacteria-Firmicutes ratio.Furthermore,intramuscular injection resulted in a significant change in alpha diversity of gut microbiota.Conclusions:Exposure of chicks to relatively low dose of Salmonella Typhimurium can lead to persistent shedding in pullets.The Salmonella Typhimurium infection disrupted the gut microbiota composition immediately after infection.The potential stress of intramuscular injection and feed withdrawal significantly increased the Salmonella Typhimurium count in faeces.The intramuscular injection also resulted in a significant alteration of the Proteobacteria-Firmicutes ratio,which could increase the risk of dysbiosis.
基金funded by CREA grant ZKC7861 of the KU Leuven.SV-S,GK,JFV-C,RYT and JS were funded by a(post)doctoral fellowship from Research Foundation Flanders(FWO-Vlaanderen)GF was funded by the ReALity Innovation Fund,a Research Initiative of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate,GermanyThe Raes Lab received funding from VIB,KU Leuven,the Rega Institute for Medical Research and Novo Nordisk(PRIMA project).
文摘Background Dietary variation has been identified as a key contributor to microbiome diversification.However,assessing its true impact in a cross-sectional setting is complicated by biological confounders and methodological hurdles.We aimed to estimate the impact of a reduction of dietary variation(dietary convergence)on faecal microbiota composition among individuals consuming a Western-type diet.Methods 18 healthy volunteers recruited in the region of Flanders(Belgium)were followed up for 21 days.Participants were allowed to consume their habitual diet during a baseline and follow-up period(7 and 8 days,respectively),intersected by a 6-day intervention during which dietary options were restricted to oat flakes,whole milk and still water.Faecal samples were collected on a daily basis.Quantitative microbiome profiles were constructed,combining 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with flow cytometry cell counting.Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of each study week.Results While the intervention did not affect transit time(as assessed through the analysis of stool moisture),consumption of the restricted diet resulted in an increased prevalence of the Bacteroides2 microbiome community type.Microbial load and Faecalibacterium abundance decreased markedly.Despite dietary restrictions,no convergence of microbial communities(reduction of interindividual and intraindividual variation)was observed.The effect size(ES)of the intervention on genus-level microbiome community differentiation was estimated as 3.4%,but substantial interindividual variation was observed(1.67%–16.42%).Conclusion The impact of dietary variation on microbiome composition in a Western population is significant but limited in ES,with notable individual exceptions.Dietary convergence does not invariably translate into interindividual convergence of faecal microbial communities.
基金funded by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(422RC744)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020363)the“One Belt and One Road”Science and Technology Cooperation Special Program of the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.183446KYSB20200016).
文摘Despite the growing awareness on the importance of gut microbiomes,understanding marine mammal gut microbiomes remains limited due to difficulties in sampling.Spotted dolphins(Stenella attenuata)are widely spread oceanic cetaceans,and there is a gap in knowledge regarding their gut microbiology.In this study,we opportunistically collected samples from both wild and human-cared spotted dolphins in the southern waters of Hainan Island,China.This provided the opportunity to examine the composition and diversity of the gut microbial communities of this cetacean species.Since these dolphins inhabit a similar water environment,different food sources might be the primary factor distinguishing the gut microbiomes of wild and human-cared populations,offering valuable experimental material to investigate potential differences in gut microbial community structure among marine mammals in similar environments but with varying food sources.We found that the gastrointestinal microbial community structure of wild and human-cared dolphins demonstrated significant differences,both overall and at specific locations.However,no significant difference was observed in the microbial diversity of their gastrointestinal tracts,indicating that the disparities primarily lie in microbiota composition.Additionally,we detected numerous potentially pathogenic bacteria,suggesting a comprehensive future study of marine mammal gut microbiology.Such a study might involve determining health indicator factors associated with these microbiomes.Our study not only supplements information on the gut microbiology of spotted dolphins but also delves into the similarities and differences in gastrointestinal microbial communities within the same marine mammal species when food source variations play a significant role in their lives.
基金supported by the Hospital Research Foundation Group(2022-CF-EMCR-004-25314)HKA is supported by the Canada Research Chair(CRC-2021-00172).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is characterised by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract,with unclear aetiology but with known factors contributing to the disease,including genetics,immune responses,environmental factors and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.Existing pharmacotherapies mainly target the inflammatory symptoms of disease,but recent research has highlighted the capacity for microbial-accessible carbohydrates that confer health benefits(ie,prebiotics)to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria for improved IBD management.However,since prebiotics vary in source,chemical composition and microbiota effects,there is a clear need to understand the impact of prebiotic selection on IBD treatment outcomes.This review subsequently explores and contrasts the efficacy of prebiotics from various sources(β-fructans,galacto-oligosaccharides,xylo-oligosaccharides,resistant starch,pectin,β-glucans,glucomannans and arabinoxylans)in mitigating IBD symptomatology,when used as either standalone or adjuvant therapies.In preclinical animal colitis models,prebiotics have revealed type-dependent effects in positively modulating gut microbiota composition and subsequent attenuation of disease indicators and proinflammatory responses.While prebiotics have demonstrated therapeutic potential in animal models,clinical evidence for their precise efficacy remains limited,stressing the need for further investigation in human patients with IBD to facilitate their widespread clinical translation as microbiota-targeting IBD therapies.
