As the intricate interplay between microbiota and the host garners increasing research attention,a significant parallel surge has emerged in the investigation of intestinal bacterial extracellular vesicles(BEVs).Most ...As the intricate interplay between microbiota and the host garners increasing research attention,a significant parallel surge has emerged in the investigation of intestinal bacterial extracellular vesicles(BEVs).Most intestinal bacteria secrete BEVs,which harbor specific cargo molecules and exhibit diverse functions,encompassing interactions among bacteria themselves and between bacteria and the host.These interactions can either bolster host health or contribute to various pathologies.By integrating the characteristics of BEVs,we summarized the current research landscape,delving into the intricate interplay between BEVs and different diseases.Furthermore,we offer a succinct overview of the challenges faced in BEVs-based research,encompassing separation,detection,engineering for drug purposes,clinical diagnostics,safety,and future study.In essence,these summaries may serve as invaluable guides for BEVs as communication tools between the gut microbiome and host,ultimately propelling the discovery of novel studies and drug discovery.展开更多
Liver disease has become a leading cause of death,particularly in the West,where it is attributed to more than two million deaths annually.The correlation between gut microbiota and liver disease is still not fully un...Liver disease has become a leading cause of death,particularly in the West,where it is attributed to more than two million deaths annually.The correlation between gut microbiota and liver disease is still not fully understood.However,it is well known that gut dysbiosis accompanied by a leaky gut causes an increase in lipopolysaccharides in circulation,which in turn evoke massive hepatic inflammation promoting liver cirrhosis.Microbial dysbiosis also leads to poor bile acid metabolism and low short-chain fatty acids,all of which exacerbate the inflammatory response of liver cells.Gut microbial homeostasis is maintained through intricate processes that ensure that commensal microbes adapt to the low oxygen potential of the gut and that they rapidly occupy all the intestinal niches,thus outcompeting any potential pathogens for available nutrients.The crosstalk between the gut microbiota and its metabolites also guarantee an intact gut barrier.These processes that protect against destabilization of gut microbes by potential entry of pathogenic bacteria are collectively called colonization resistance and are equally essential for liver health.In this review,we shall investigate how the mechanisms of colonization resistance influence the liver in health and disease and the microbial-liver crosstalk potential as therapeutic target areas.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L248092,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32301268)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720935).
文摘As the intricate interplay between microbiota and the host garners increasing research attention,a significant parallel surge has emerged in the investigation of intestinal bacterial extracellular vesicles(BEVs).Most intestinal bacteria secrete BEVs,which harbor specific cargo molecules and exhibit diverse functions,encompassing interactions among bacteria themselves and between bacteria and the host.These interactions can either bolster host health or contribute to various pathologies.By integrating the characteristics of BEVs,we summarized the current research landscape,delving into the intricate interplay between BEVs and different diseases.Furthermore,we offer a succinct overview of the challenges faced in BEVs-based research,encompassing separation,detection,engineering for drug purposes,clinical diagnostics,safety,and future study.In essence,these summaries may serve as invaluable guides for BEVs as communication tools between the gut microbiome and host,ultimately propelling the discovery of novel studies and drug discovery.
文摘Liver disease has become a leading cause of death,particularly in the West,where it is attributed to more than two million deaths annually.The correlation between gut microbiota and liver disease is still not fully understood.However,it is well known that gut dysbiosis accompanied by a leaky gut causes an increase in lipopolysaccharides in circulation,which in turn evoke massive hepatic inflammation promoting liver cirrhosis.Microbial dysbiosis also leads to poor bile acid metabolism and low short-chain fatty acids,all of which exacerbate the inflammatory response of liver cells.Gut microbial homeostasis is maintained through intricate processes that ensure that commensal microbes adapt to the low oxygen potential of the gut and that they rapidly occupy all the intestinal niches,thus outcompeting any potential pathogens for available nutrients.The crosstalk between the gut microbiota and its metabolites also guarantee an intact gut barrier.These processes that protect against destabilization of gut microbes by potential entry of pathogenic bacteria are collectively called colonization resistance and are equally essential for liver health.In this review,we shall investigate how the mechanisms of colonization resistance influence the liver in health and disease and the microbial-liver crosstalk potential as therapeutic target areas.
