The gastrointestinal tract(GIT)health impacts animal productivity.The poultry microbiome has functions which range from protection against pathogens and nutrients production,to host immune system maturation.Fluctuatio...The gastrointestinal tract(GIT)health impacts animal productivity.The poultry microbiome has functions which range from protection against pathogens and nutrients production,to host immune system maturation.Fluctuations in the microbiome have also been linked to prevailing environmental conditions.Healthy poultry birds possess a natural resistance to infection.However,the exploration of environmental impacts and other relevant factors on poultry growth and health have been underplayed.Since good performance and growth rate are central to animal production,the host-microbiome relationship remains integral.Prior to the emergence of metagenomic techniques,conventional methods for poultry microbiome studies were used and were low-throughput and associated with insufficient genomic data and high cost of sequencing.Fortunately,the advent of high-throughput sequencing platforms have circumvented some of these shortfalls and paved the way for increased studies on the poultry gut microbiome diversity and functions.Here,we give an up-to-date review on the impact of varied environments on microbiome profile,as well as microbiome engineering and microbiome technology advancements.It is hoped that this paper will provide invaluable information that could guide and inspire further studies on the lingering pertinent questions about the poultry microbiome.展开更多
The world’s coral reefs are threatened by the cumulative impacts of global climate change and local stressors.Driven largely by a desire to understand the interactions between corals and their symbiotic microorganism...The world’s coral reefs are threatened by the cumulative impacts of global climate change and local stressors.Driven largely by a desire to understand the interactions between corals and their symbiotic microorganisms,and to use this knowledge to eventually improve coral health,interest in coral microbiology and the coral microbiome has increased in recent years.In this review,we summarize the role of the coral microbiome in maintaining a healthy metaorganism by providing nutrients,support for growth and development,protection against pathogens,and mitigation of environmental stressors.We explore the concept of coral microbiome engineering,that is,precise and controlled manipulation of the coral microbiome to aid and enhance coral resilience and tolerance in the changing oceans.Although coral microbiome engineering is clearly in its infancy,several recent breakthroughs indicate that such engineering is an effective tool for restoration and preservation of these valuable ecosystems.To assist with identifying future research targets,we have reviewed the common principles of microbiome engineering and its applications in improving human health and agricultural productivity,drawing parallels to where coral microbiome engineering can advance in the not-too-distant future.Finally,we end by discussing the challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in the application of microbiome engineering in coral reefs and provide recommendations for future work.展开更多
Although the accomplishments of microbiome engineering highlight its significance for the targeted manipulation of microbial communities,knowledge and technical gaps still limit the applications of microbiome engineer...Although the accomplishments of microbiome engineering highlight its significance for the targeted manipulation of microbial communities,knowledge and technical gaps still limit the applications of microbiome engineering in biotechnology,especially for environmental use.Addressing the environmental challenges of refractory pollutants and fluctuating environmental conditions requires an adequate understanding of the theoretical achievements and practical applications of microbiome engineering.Here,we review recent cutting-edge studies on microbiome engineering strategies and their classical applications in bioremediation.Moreover,a framework is summarized for combining both top-down and bottom-up approaches in microbiome engineering toward improved applications.A strategy to engineer microbiomes for environmental use,which avoids the build-up of toxic intermediates that pose a risk to human health,is suggested.We anticipate that the highlighted framework and strategy will be beneficial for engineering microbiomes to address difficult environmental challenges such as degrading multiple refractory pollutants and sustain the performance of engineered microbiomes in situ with indigenous microorganisms under fluctuating conditions.展开更多
As our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in human diseases deepens,precision engineering of the gut microbiome using bacteriophages has gained significant attention.Herein,we review the recent advances i...As our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in human diseases deepens,precision engineering of the gut microbiome using bacteriophages has gained significant attention.Herein,we review the recent advances in bacteriophage-mediated modulation of the gut microbiome,discuss approaches at the ecological and genetic levels,and summarize the challenges and strategies pertinent to each level of intervention.Drawing on the structural attributes of bacteriophages in the context of precision engineering,we examined the latest developments in the field of phage administration.Gaining a nuanced understanding of microbiome manipulation will yield tailored strategies and technologies.This could revolutionize the prevention and treatment of diseases linked to gut pathogens and offer new avenues for the therapeutic use of bacteriophages.展开更多
Human gut-microbiome explorations have enriched our understanding ofmicrobial colonization,maturation,and dysbiosis in health-and-disease subsets.The enormousmetabolic potential of gutmicrobes and their role in themai...Human gut-microbiome explorations have enriched our understanding ofmicrobial colonization,maturation,and dysbiosis in health-and-disease subsets.The enormousmetabolic potential of gutmicrobes and their role in themaintenance of human health is emerging,with new avenues to use themas therapeutic agents to overcome human disorders.Microbiome therapeutics are aimed at engineering the gutmicrobiome using additive,subtractive,ormodulatory therapy with an application of native or engineeredmicrobes,antibiotics,bacteriophages,and bacteriocins.This approach could overcome the limitation of conventional therapeutics by providing personalized,harmonized,reliable,and sustainable treatment.Its huge economic potential has been shown in the global therapeuticsmarket.Despite the therapeutic and economical potential,microbiome therapeutics is still in the developing stage and is facing various technical and administrative issues that require research attention.This review aims to address the current knowledge and landscape ofmicrobiome therapeutics,provides an overview of existing health-and-disease applications,and discusses the potential future directions ofmicrobiomemodulations.展开更多
基金The funding support of the Bill and Melinda Foundation (African Enteric Viruses Genome Initiative grant number BMGF OPP1180423 2017) to Prof. M.Nyagathe assistance of the Directorate of Research and Postgraduate Support,Durban University of Technology,Durban,South Africa and the National Research Foundation (NRF-research development grant for rated researchers, grant number 120433)。
文摘The gastrointestinal tract(GIT)health impacts animal productivity.The poultry microbiome has functions which range from protection against pathogens and nutrients production,to host immune system maturation.Fluctuations in the microbiome have also been linked to prevailing environmental conditions.Healthy poultry birds possess a natural resistance to infection.However,the exploration of environmental impacts and other relevant factors on poultry growth and health have been underplayed.Since good performance and growth rate are central to animal production,the host-microbiome relationship remains integral.Prior to the emergence of metagenomic techniques,conventional methods for poultry microbiome studies were used and were low-throughput and associated with insufficient genomic data and high cost of sequencing.Fortunately,the advent of high-throughput sequencing platforms have circumvented some of these shortfalls and paved the way for increased studies on the poultry gut microbiome diversity and functions.Here,we give an up-to-date review on the impact of varied environments on microbiome profile,as well as microbiome engineering and microbiome technology advancements.It is hoped that this paper will provide invaluable information that could guide and inspire further studies on the lingering pertinent questions about the poultry microbiome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42122045,41890853,and 42106197)the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0401 and GML2019ZD0402)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA13020300).
文摘The world’s coral reefs are threatened by the cumulative impacts of global climate change and local stressors.Driven largely by a desire to understand the interactions between corals and their symbiotic microorganisms,and to use this knowledge to eventually improve coral health,interest in coral microbiology and the coral microbiome has increased in recent years.In this review,we summarize the role of the coral microbiome in maintaining a healthy metaorganism by providing nutrients,support for growth and development,protection against pathogens,and mitigation of environmental stressors.We explore the concept of coral microbiome engineering,that is,precise and controlled manipulation of the coral microbiome to aid and enhance coral resilience and tolerance in the changing oceans.Although coral microbiome engineering is clearly in its infancy,several recent breakthroughs indicate that such engineering is an effective tool for restoration and preservation of these valuable ecosystems.To assist with identifying future research targets,we have reviewed the common principles of microbiome engineering and its applications in improving human health and agricultural productivity,drawing parallels to where coral microbiome engineering can advance in the not-too-distant future.Finally,we end by discussing the challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in the application of microbiome engineering in coral reefs and provide recommendations for future work.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0910300)Shanghai Excellent Academic Leaders Program(20XD1421900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100075 and 32030004)。
文摘Although the accomplishments of microbiome engineering highlight its significance for the targeted manipulation of microbial communities,knowledge and technical gaps still limit the applications of microbiome engineering in biotechnology,especially for environmental use.Addressing the environmental challenges of refractory pollutants and fluctuating environmental conditions requires an adequate understanding of the theoretical achievements and practical applications of microbiome engineering.Here,we review recent cutting-edge studies on microbiome engineering strategies and their classical applications in bioremediation.Moreover,a framework is summarized for combining both top-down and bottom-up approaches in microbiome engineering toward improved applications.A strategy to engineer microbiomes for environmental use,which avoids the build-up of toxic intermediates that pose a risk to human health,is suggested.We anticipate that the highlighted framework and strategy will be beneficial for engineering microbiomes to address difficult environmental challenges such as degrading multiple refractory pollutants and sustain the performance of engineered microbiomes in situ with indigenous microorganisms under fluctuating conditions.
基金funded by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011872)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0906700).
文摘As our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in human diseases deepens,precision engineering of the gut microbiome using bacteriophages has gained significant attention.Herein,we review the recent advances in bacteriophage-mediated modulation of the gut microbiome,discuss approaches at the ecological and genetic levels,and summarize the challenges and strategies pertinent to each level of intervention.Drawing on the structural attributes of bacteriophages in the context of precision engineering,we examined the latest developments in the field of phage administration.Gaining a nuanced understanding of microbiome manipulation will yield tailored strategies and technologies.This could revolutionize the prevention and treatment of diseases linked to gut pathogens and offer new avenues for the therapeutic use of bacteriophages.
基金the MDU RKF fund for financial support vide MDU/DSW/339.
文摘Human gut-microbiome explorations have enriched our understanding ofmicrobial colonization,maturation,and dysbiosis in health-and-disease subsets.The enormousmetabolic potential of gutmicrobes and their role in themaintenance of human health is emerging,with new avenues to use themas therapeutic agents to overcome human disorders.Microbiome therapeutics are aimed at engineering the gutmicrobiome using additive,subtractive,ormodulatory therapy with an application of native or engineeredmicrobes,antibiotics,bacteriophages,and bacteriocins.This approach could overcome the limitation of conventional therapeutics by providing personalized,harmonized,reliable,and sustainable treatment.Its huge economic potential has been shown in the global therapeuticsmarket.Despite the therapeutic and economical potential,microbiome therapeutics is still in the developing stage and is facing various technical and administrative issues that require research attention.This review aims to address the current knowledge and landscape ofmicrobiome therapeutics,provides an overview of existing health-and-disease applications,and discusses the potential future directions ofmicrobiomemodulations.
