Strategies aimed at defining,discovering,and developing alternatives to traditional antibiotics will underlie the development of sustainable agricultural systems.Among such strategies,antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)with ...Strategies aimed at defining,discovering,and developing alternatives to traditional antibiotics will underlie the development of sustainable agricultural systems.Among such strategies,antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and multifaceted mechanisms of action are recognized as ideal alternatives in the post-antibiotic era.In particular,AMPs derived from microbes with active metabolisms that can adapt to a variety of extreme environments have long been sought after.Consequently,this review summarizes information on naturally occurring AMPs,including their biological activity,antimicrobial mechanisms,and the preparation of microbial-derived AMPs;it also outlines their applications and the challenges presented by their use in the agroindustry.By dissecting the research results on microbial-derived AMPs of previous generations,this study contributes valuable knowledge on the exploration and realization of the applications of AMPs in sustainable agriculture.展开更多
With the increasing global demand for sustainable energy and environmental solutions,the development of efficient,cost-effective,and eco-friendly electrocatalysts has become a key area of research.Microorganisms,with ...With the increasing global demand for sustainable energy and environmental solutions,the development of efficient,cost-effective,and eco-friendly electrocatalysts has become a key area of research.Microorganisms,with their distinctive microstructures,abundant functional groups,and diverse metabolic activities,offer innovative pathways for the green synthesis of electrocatalysts.This review first systematically summarizes microbial-derived electrocatalysts by using microorganisms(bacteria,fungi,viruses)as templates and metabolites,e.g.,extracellular polymers,bacterial cellulose as mediates,and their applications in various representative electrocatalytic reactions,including hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,and oxygen reduction reaction.We then particularly focus on the application of microbial-derived electrocatalysts in CO_(2)reduction reaction.Microorganisms not only serve as structural templates to impart high surface areas and ordered pores to catalysts but also facilitate the introduction of active sites through metabolic processes,significantly enhancing catalytic efficiency toward the optimization of reduction products.Finally,the current challenges as well as future optimization strategies are proposed in the field of microbial-derived electrocatalysts.This work offers a guideline for the design of microbialmediated catalytic materials,advancing new strategies toward achieving carbon neutrality.展开更多
Microbes generate a vast array of different types of conserved structural components called pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs),which canbe recognized by cells of the innate immune system.This recognition of...Microbes generate a vast array of different types of conserved structural components called pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs),which canbe recognized by cells of the innate immune system.This recognition of "nonself" signatures occurs through host pattern recognition receptors(PRRs),suggesting that microbial-derived signals are good targets for innate immunity to discriminate between self- and nonself.Such PAMP-PRR interactions trigger multiple but distinct downstream signaling cascades,subsequently leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and interferons that tailor immune responses to particular microbes.Aberrant PRR signals have been associated with various inflammatory diseases and fine regulation of PRR signaling is essential for avoiding excessive inflammatory immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis.In this review we summarize the ligands and signal transduction pathways of PRRs and highlight recent progress of the mechanisms involved in microbe-specific innate immune recognition during immune responses and inflammation,which may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention to the inflammatory disorders.展开更多
This paper presents a comprehensive account of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from various sources, including animal, plant, and microbial origins, along with an examination of their structural characteristics ...This paper presents a comprehensive account of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from various sources, including animal, plant, and microbial origins, along with an examination of their structural characteristics and biological activities. Specifically, the potential of Bacillus subtilis as a safe and effective host for the production of AMPs is discussed. B. subtilis exhibits a notable capacity for protein secretion and is also capable of efficiently producing AMPs without the presence of endotoxin contamination. The research indicates that the production efficiency of AMPs derived from B. subtilis can be significantly enhanced through the application of genetic engineering and synthetic biology techniques. This advancement holds considerable potential for applications in food preservation, agriculture, medicine, and various other fields. The paper additionally investigates the stability of AMPs under diverse conditions of temperature, pH, and enzymatic treatment, and highlights the necessity for further research to facilitate the advancement of these AMPs for practical applications.展开更多
There is an increasing recognition of the strong links between the gut microbiome and the brain,and there is persuasive evidence that the gut microbiome plays a role in a variety of physiological processes in the cent...There is an increasing recognition of the strong links between the gut microbiome and the brain,and there is persuasive evidence that the gut microbiome plays a role in a variety of physiological processes in the central nervous system.This review summarizes findings that gut microbial composition alterations are linked to hippocampal neurogenesis,as well as the possible mechanisms of action;the existing literature suggests that microbiota influence neurogenic processes,which can result in neurological disorders.We consider this evidence from the perspectives of neuroinflammation,microbial-derived metabolites,neurotrophins,and neurotransmitters.Based on the existing research,we propose that the administration of probiotics can normalize the gut microbiome.This could therefore also represent a promising treatment strategy to counteract neurological impairment.展开更多
Background The gut microbiome,colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract,is increasingly recognized for its symbiotic relationship with the immune system in maintaining overall host health.This emerging understanding...Background The gut microbiome,colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract,is increasingly recognized for its symbiotic relationship with the immune system in maintaining overall host health.This emerging understanding raises intriguing questions about potential connections between the gut microbiome and anatomically distant organs,such as the eye,possibly mediated through immune pathways.Main text This review synthesizes contemporary research on ocular diseases with the framework of the burgeoning"gut-eye axis"concept.Investigations spanning from the ocular surface to the fundus suggest correlations between the gut microbiome and various ocular disorders.By elucidating the putative pathogenic mechanisms underlying these ocular conditions,we offer novel perspectives to inform future diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in ophthalmology.Conclusions By presenting a critical analysis of current knowledge regarding the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in ocular health,this review shed light on the complex interplay between gut dysbiosis and eye disorders.Our work endeavors to catalyze interdisciplinary research and foster innovative clinical applications,thereby bridging the gap between the gut microbiota and the ocular well-being.展开更多
Granulating fluffy straw into high-density particles is an innovative approach for uniformly incorporating straw into plough layers. However, massive granulated straw incorporation probably causes microbial nutrient l...Granulating fluffy straw into high-density particles is an innovative approach for uniformly incorporating straw into plough layers. However, massive granulated straw incorporation probably causes microbial nutrient limitation, decreasing straw-C accrual and crop yield. Whether nutrient supplement increases straw-C accumulation remains unclear. In this study, we conducted one-year of micro-plot experiments incorporating massive granulated straw with initial C:N ratio (GS) and adjusted the C:N ratio by nutrient supplement (GSN) in infertile upland and paddy. After one year,GS incorporation greatly improved the surface (0–20 cm layer) soil organic C by 91% and 80% in upland and paddy, respectively, compared to their control. In upland, GS led to lower lignin phenols but higher amino sugars than paddy owing to its stronger microbial anabolism. In upland, GSN incorporation decreased soil organic C by 11.3% than GS by reducing lignin phenols and amino sugars. However, GSN incorporation increased organic C by 2.2% in paddy, via promoting microbial necromass accumulation. GSN incorporation improved crop yield by 26.6% in upland and 12.0% in paddy than GS. Collectively, granulated straw incorporation effectively enhances organic C and crop yield but that responses to nutrient supplement depend on soil properties. Tailored nutrient management is crucial to optimizing C sequestration and productivity in diverse soils.展开更多
Forest soil carbon (C) accumulates predominantly from the decomposition of plant litter, with most plant-derived C being processed by soil microbes. However, the microbial mechanisms associated with C decomposition in...Forest soil carbon (C) accumulates predominantly from the decomposition of plant litter, with most plant-derived C being processed by soil microbes. However, the microbial mechanisms associated with C decomposition in forests across biomes remain elusive. Using metagenomic sequencing, we explored the topsoil microbial functional group of decomposer microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) and studied the C decomposition of plant- and microbial-derived components in forests across biomesfrom tropical to temperate regions. The results showed that the composition of soil microbial CAZyme families, which degrade plant- and microbial-derived components, significantly varied from warmer to colder forest biomes. Soils with higher annual temperatures and lower organic matter (OM) recalcitrance (indicated by Alky-C/O-alkyl-C: A/O) in subtropical/tropical forests supported higher proportions of CAZyme genes fundamental for the decomposition of complex plant and fungal derived biomass. In contrast, soils with lower annual temperatures and higher OM recalcitrance (e.g., A/O, organic carbon, microbial biomass) in cold temperate forests exhibited higher proportions of CAZyme genes for the degradation of bacterial-derived peptidoglycan. Such trends of microbial CAZyme families were largely explained by the relative abundance of bacterial dominant phylum members (i.e., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes). Collectively, our study demonstrated the importance of functional microbiome responsible for the decomposition of plant and microbial inputs, providing a solid mechanism to understand the often-reported responses of soil organic matter decomposition and C sequestration to warming. These results are integral to understanding the contribution of soil microbiome to C fluxes under on-going climate change.展开更多
This study evaluated the effects of feeding a microbial-derived antioxidant diet(MA)for 56 days on the growth performance of Eriocheir sinensis,as well as on digestive and metabolic enzyme activity and antioxidant cap...This study evaluated the effects of feeding a microbial-derived antioxidant diet(MA)for 56 days on the growth performance of Eriocheir sinensis,as well as on digestive and metabolic enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity under ammonia stress(400 mg/L ammonia nitrogen for 48 h).The weight gain at 28d and the specific growth rate at 56ds for crabs in the MA group were significantly higher than those in the control diet(C)group(p<0.05).Compared with the C group,the color of the hepatopancreas in the MA group was significantly improved(p<0.05).A significant decrease in the level of Hemolymph ammonia was found in the microbial antioxidant ammonia-N(MA_A)group(p<0.05),which may be related to the decrease of transaminase(AST,ALT,GDH)activities caused by MA diet(p<0.05).There is a significant increase in the digestive enzyme activities(Trypsin and Lipase),which reduced the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatopancreas in the(MA_A)group(p<0.05).In addition,the antioxidant damage of crabs in hepatopancreas caused by ammonia nitrogen toxicity could also significantly be improved by MA fed in the(MA_A)group(p<0.05).microbe-derived antioxidants(supplemented with 0.2%in feeds)can protect the health of hepatopancreas,promote growth,and improve the ability to resist ammonia nitrogen stress for E.sinensis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD0900905)Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Projects of China(2020L3004)Fujian Major Project of Provincial Science&Technology Hall,China(2020NZ010008)。
文摘Strategies aimed at defining,discovering,and developing alternatives to traditional antibiotics will underlie the development of sustainable agricultural systems.Among such strategies,antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and multifaceted mechanisms of action are recognized as ideal alternatives in the post-antibiotic era.In particular,AMPs derived from microbes with active metabolisms that can adapt to a variety of extreme environments have long been sought after.Consequently,this review summarizes information on naturally occurring AMPs,including their biological activity,antimicrobial mechanisms,and the preparation of microbial-derived AMPs;it also outlines their applications and the challenges presented by their use in the agroindustry.By dissecting the research results on microbial-derived AMPs of previous generations,this study contributes valuable knowledge on the exploration and realization of the applications of AMPs in sustainable agriculture.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0117000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22005109,52401092,and 52373099).
文摘With the increasing global demand for sustainable energy and environmental solutions,the development of efficient,cost-effective,and eco-friendly electrocatalysts has become a key area of research.Microorganisms,with their distinctive microstructures,abundant functional groups,and diverse metabolic activities,offer innovative pathways for the green synthesis of electrocatalysts.This review first systematically summarizes microbial-derived electrocatalysts by using microorganisms(bacteria,fungi,viruses)as templates and metabolites,e.g.,extracellular polymers,bacterial cellulose as mediates,and their applications in various representative electrocatalytic reactions,including hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,and oxygen reduction reaction.We then particularly focus on the application of microbial-derived electrocatalysts in CO_(2)reduction reaction.Microorganisms not only serve as structural templates to impart high surface areas and ordered pores to catalysts but also facilitate the introduction of active sites through metabolic processes,significantly enhancing catalytic efficiency toward the optimization of reduction products.Finally,the current challenges as well as future optimization strategies are proposed in the field of microbial-derived electrocatalysts.This work offers a guideline for the design of microbialmediated catalytic materials,advancing new strategies toward achieving carbon neutrality.
文摘Microbes generate a vast array of different types of conserved structural components called pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs),which canbe recognized by cells of the innate immune system.This recognition of "nonself" signatures occurs through host pattern recognition receptors(PRRs),suggesting that microbial-derived signals are good targets for innate immunity to discriminate between self- and nonself.Such PAMP-PRR interactions trigger multiple but distinct downstream signaling cascades,subsequently leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and interferons that tailor immune responses to particular microbes.Aberrant PRR signals have been associated with various inflammatory diseases and fine regulation of PRR signaling is essential for avoiding excessive inflammatory immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis.In this review we summarize the ligands and signal transduction pathways of PRRs and highlight recent progress of the mechanisms involved in microbe-specific innate immune recognition during immune responses and inflammation,which may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention to the inflammatory disorders.
基金Supported by Shanghai Putuo District Science and Technology R&D Platform Project(2024QX04).
文摘This paper presents a comprehensive account of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from various sources, including animal, plant, and microbial origins, along with an examination of their structural characteristics and biological activities. Specifically, the potential of Bacillus subtilis as a safe and effective host for the production of AMPs is discussed. B. subtilis exhibits a notable capacity for protein secretion and is also capable of efficiently producing AMPs without the presence of endotoxin contamination. The research indicates that the production efficiency of AMPs derived from B. subtilis can be significantly enhanced through the application of genetic engineering and synthetic biology techniques. This advancement holds considerable potential for applications in food preservation, agriculture, medicine, and various other fields. The paper additionally investigates the stability of AMPs under diverse conditions of temperature, pH, and enzymatic treatment, and highlights the necessity for further research to facilitate the advancement of these AMPs for practical applications.
文摘There is an increasing recognition of the strong links between the gut microbiome and the brain,and there is persuasive evidence that the gut microbiome plays a role in a variety of physiological processes in the central nervous system.This review summarizes findings that gut microbial composition alterations are linked to hippocampal neurogenesis,as well as the possible mechanisms of action;the existing literature suggests that microbiota influence neurogenic processes,which can result in neurological disorders.We consider this evidence from the perspectives of neuroinflammation,microbial-derived metabolites,neurotrophins,and neurotransmitters.Based on the existing research,we propose that the administration of probiotics can normalize the gut microbiome.This could therefore also represent a promising treatment strategy to counteract neurological impairment.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LTGY24H120002).
文摘Background The gut microbiome,colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract,is increasingly recognized for its symbiotic relationship with the immune system in maintaining overall host health.This emerging understanding raises intriguing questions about potential connections between the gut microbiome and anatomically distant organs,such as the eye,possibly mediated through immune pathways.Main text This review synthesizes contemporary research on ocular diseases with the framework of the burgeoning"gut-eye axis"concept.Investigations spanning from the ocular surface to the fundus suggest correlations between the gut microbiome and various ocular disorders.By elucidating the putative pathogenic mechanisms underlying these ocular conditions,we offer novel perspectives to inform future diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in ophthalmology.Conclusions By presenting a critical analysis of current knowledge regarding the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in ocular health,this review shed light on the complex interplay between gut dysbiosis and eye disorders.Our work endeavors to catalyze interdisciplinary research and foster innovative clinical applications,thereby bridging the gap between the gut microbiota and the ocular well-being.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD1901203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42377348,42177295)the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province(Grant No.2024JJ2052).
文摘Granulating fluffy straw into high-density particles is an innovative approach for uniformly incorporating straw into plough layers. However, massive granulated straw incorporation probably causes microbial nutrient limitation, decreasing straw-C accrual and crop yield. Whether nutrient supplement increases straw-C accumulation remains unclear. In this study, we conducted one-year of micro-plot experiments incorporating massive granulated straw with initial C:N ratio (GS) and adjusted the C:N ratio by nutrient supplement (GSN) in infertile upland and paddy. After one year,GS incorporation greatly improved the surface (0–20 cm layer) soil organic C by 91% and 80% in upland and paddy, respectively, compared to their control. In upland, GS led to lower lignin phenols but higher amino sugars than paddy owing to its stronger microbial anabolism. In upland, GSN incorporation decreased soil organic C by 11.3% than GS by reducing lignin phenols and amino sugars. However, GSN incorporation increased organic C by 2.2% in paddy, via promoting microbial necromass accumulation. GSN incorporation improved crop yield by 26.6% in upland and 12.0% in paddy than GS. Collectively, granulated straw incorporation effectively enhances organic C and crop yield but that responses to nutrient supplement depend on soil properties. Tailored nutrient management is crucial to optimizing C sequestration and productivity in diverse soils.
基金financially supported by the Open Fund for Key Laboratory of Low carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China,Northwest A&F Universitythe National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Thanks for the support of the Restoration Project of Mountains,Rivers,Forests,Fields,Lakes,Grasslands and Deserts in the Northern Foothills of Qinling in Shaanxi ProvinceThe authors are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions helped us to enhance the quality of this paper.
文摘Forest soil carbon (C) accumulates predominantly from the decomposition of plant litter, with most plant-derived C being processed by soil microbes. However, the microbial mechanisms associated with C decomposition in forests across biomes remain elusive. Using metagenomic sequencing, we explored the topsoil microbial functional group of decomposer microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) and studied the C decomposition of plant- and microbial-derived components in forests across biomesfrom tropical to temperate regions. The results showed that the composition of soil microbial CAZyme families, which degrade plant- and microbial-derived components, significantly varied from warmer to colder forest biomes. Soils with higher annual temperatures and lower organic matter (OM) recalcitrance (indicated by Alky-C/O-alkyl-C: A/O) in subtropical/tropical forests supported higher proportions of CAZyme genes fundamental for the decomposition of complex plant and fungal derived biomass. In contrast, soils with lower annual temperatures and higher OM recalcitrance (e.g., A/O, organic carbon, microbial biomass) in cold temperate forests exhibited higher proportions of CAZyme genes for the degradation of bacterial-derived peptidoglycan. Such trends of microbial CAZyme families were largely explained by the relative abundance of bacterial dominant phylum members (i.e., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes). Collectively, our study demonstrated the importance of functional microbiome responsible for the decomposition of plant and microbial inputs, providing a solid mechanism to understand the often-reported responses of soil organic matter decomposition and C sequestration to warming. These results are integral to understanding the contribution of soil microbiome to C fluxes under on-going climate change.
基金the support of the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900105)the capacity-promoting Project of Shanghai Engineering and Technology Center from Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.19DZ2284300)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number No 41876190)the Fishery Science and Technology Projects in Jiangsu Province(grant number d2018_4)the Shandong Joint Fund(grant number U1706209)the Aquaculture Engineering Research Platform in Shanghai,established by the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(grant number 16DZ2281200)supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,the program for Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture animals(No.2021-KJ-02-12)industry-leading talent project of Yellow River Delta.(DYRC20190210).
文摘This study evaluated the effects of feeding a microbial-derived antioxidant diet(MA)for 56 days on the growth performance of Eriocheir sinensis,as well as on digestive and metabolic enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity under ammonia stress(400 mg/L ammonia nitrogen for 48 h).The weight gain at 28d and the specific growth rate at 56ds for crabs in the MA group were significantly higher than those in the control diet(C)group(p<0.05).Compared with the C group,the color of the hepatopancreas in the MA group was significantly improved(p<0.05).A significant decrease in the level of Hemolymph ammonia was found in the microbial antioxidant ammonia-N(MA_A)group(p<0.05),which may be related to the decrease of transaminase(AST,ALT,GDH)activities caused by MA diet(p<0.05).There is a significant increase in the digestive enzyme activities(Trypsin and Lipase),which reduced the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatopancreas in the(MA_A)group(p<0.05).In addition,the antioxidant damage of crabs in hepatopancreas caused by ammonia nitrogen toxicity could also significantly be improved by MA fed in the(MA_A)group(p<0.05).microbe-derived antioxidants(supplemented with 0.2%in feeds)can protect the health of hepatopancreas,promote growth,and improve the ability to resist ammonia nitrogen stress for E.sinensis.
