The steady increase of lgE-dependent allergic diseases after the Second World War is a unique phenomenon in the history of humankind. Numerous cross-sectional studies, comprehensive longitudinal cohort studies of chil...The steady increase of lgE-dependent allergic diseases after the Second World War is a unique phenomenon in the history of humankind. Numerous cross-sectional studies, comprehensive longitudinal cohort studies of children living in various types of environment, and mechanistic experimental studies have pointed to the disappearance of ＂protective factors＂ related to major changes in lifestyle and environment. A common unifying concept is that of the immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota. This review focuses on the protection against allergic disorders that is provided by the farming environment and by exposure to microbial diversity. It also questions whether and how microbial bioengineering will be able in the future to restore an interplay that was beneficial to the proper immunological development of children in the past and that was irreversibly disrupted by changes in lifestyle. The protective ＂farming environment＂ includes independent and additional influences： contact with animals, stay in barns/stables, and consumption of unprocessed milk and milk products, by mothers during pregnancy and by children in early life. More than the overall quanti- ty of microbes, the biodiversity of the farm microbial environment appears to be crucial for this protection, as does the biodiversity of the gut microbiota that it may provide. Use of conventional probiotics, especially various species or strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, has not fulfilled the expectations of allergists and pediatricians to prevent allergy. Among the specific organisms present in cowsheds that could be used for prevention, Acinetobacter （A.） lwoffii F78, Lactococcus （ L.） lactis G121, and Staphylococcus （S.） sciuri W620 seem to be the most promising, based on experimental studies in mouse models of allergic respiratory diseases. However, the development of a new generation of probiotics based on very productive research on the farming environment faces several obstacles that cannot be overcome without a close collaboration between microbiologists, immunologists, and bioengineers, as well as pediatricians, allergists, specialists of clinical trials, and ethical committees.展开更多
The growing demand for specialty coffees has driven the development of new post-harvest techniques aimed at improving sensory quality.Fermentation with microbial starter cultures has emerged as a promising strategy fo...The growing demand for specialty coffees has driven the development of new post-harvest techniques aimed at improving sensory quality.Fermentation with microbial starter cultures has emerged as a promising strategy for both flavor enhancement and food safety.The microbial diversity present in coffee fruits contributes to the beverage’s sensory profile,which is shaped by environmental factors,genetic variety,and post-harvest processing.This study aimed to evaluate microbial succession during 288 h of coffee fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to correlate the most abundant microorganisms with the sensory quality of the beverage.The experiment involved manual harvesting,washing,and fermentation under anaerobic conditions at 28℃,with periodic sampling for microbial diversity analysis.DNA extraction,PCR amplification,and sequencing were performed to assess bacterial and fungal population dynamics.Changes in bacterial and fungal alpha and beta diversity were most pronounced in the early stages of fermentation.The dominant bacterial genera were Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc,while S.cerevisiae remained the most abundant fungus throughout the process.A correlation between the relative abundance of Leuconostoc sp.,L.plantarum,and L.brevis and the sensory scores of coffee beverages was observed.Initial microbial richness was higher in natural coffee,whereas pulped coffee stabilized earlier.Overall,post-harvest processing and fermentation time significantly influenced microbial succession and the sensory quality of coffee.展开更多
Background:Emerging evidences have indicated that the composition of gut microbiota was significantly influenced by central nervous system diseases.The digestion and metabolism disturbances of patients with amyotrophi...Background:Emerging evidences have indicated that the composition of gut microbiota was significantly influenced by central nervous system diseases.The digestion and metabolism disturbances of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)might be strongly associated with ALS;however,this has rarely been evaluated in these populations.This study was to evaluate bacterial and archaeal composition of gut flora and the corresponding metabolism performance of these micro-organisms in fecal samples of patients with ALS.Methods:A comparative study was performed on the intestinal microbiota from eight patients with ALS and eight healthy individuals at Huadong Hospital during November 2017 to April 2018;meanwhile,the metabolite concentrations of human endotoxin,short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),NO2-N/NO3-N,andγ-aminobutyric acid were also evaluated by spectrophotometry methods.The correlations between intestinal microbiota and metabolite concentration were compared between the two groups using one-way analysis of variance;the relative abundance of beneficial and harmful micro-organisms in fecal samples was also analyzed.Results:In general,the richness and evenness of bacterial and archaeal communities of healthy individuals were healthier than that of patients with ALS.The phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio,genus Methanobrevibacter showed an enhancive tendency in patients with ALS,whereas the relative abundance of beneficial micro-organisms(genera Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides)presented a significant decrease tendency in patients with ALS.In addition,the average concentrations of human endotoxin,SCFA,NO2-N/NO3-N,andγ-aminobutyric acid in patients with ALS and healthy individuals were 64.2 vs.65.3 EU/mL,57.5 vs.55.3μg/mL,5.7 vs.5.3 ng/mL,and 6.1 vs.5.4 tmol/L,respectively,indicating that the digestion and metabolism functions of gastrointestinal tract of patients might decline with this disease.Conclusions:The relative abundance of beneficial and harmful micro-organisms respectively showed decrease and increase tendency in patients with ALS.展开更多
文摘The steady increase of lgE-dependent allergic diseases after the Second World War is a unique phenomenon in the history of humankind. Numerous cross-sectional studies, comprehensive longitudinal cohort studies of children living in various types of environment, and mechanistic experimental studies have pointed to the disappearance of ＂protective factors＂ related to major changes in lifestyle and environment. A common unifying concept is that of the immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota. This review focuses on the protection against allergic disorders that is provided by the farming environment and by exposure to microbial diversity. It also questions whether and how microbial bioengineering will be able in the future to restore an interplay that was beneficial to the proper immunological development of children in the past and that was irreversibly disrupted by changes in lifestyle. The protective ＂farming environment＂ includes independent and additional influences： contact with animals, stay in barns/stables, and consumption of unprocessed milk and milk products, by mothers during pregnancy and by children in early life. More than the overall quanti- ty of microbes, the biodiversity of the farm microbial environment appears to be crucial for this protection, as does the biodiversity of the gut microbiota that it may provide. Use of conventional probiotics, especially various species or strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, has not fulfilled the expectations of allergists and pediatricians to prevent allergy. Among the specific organisms present in cowsheds that could be used for prevention, Acinetobacter （A.） lwoffii F78, Lactococcus （ L.） lactis G121, and Staphylococcus （S.） sciuri W620 seem to be the most promising, based on experimental studies in mouse models of allergic respiratory diseases. However, the development of a new generation of probiotics based on very productive research on the farming environment faces several obstacles that cannot be overcome without a close collaboration between microbiologists, immunologists, and bioengineers, as well as pediatricians, allergists, specialists of clinical trials, and ethical committees.
基金The Sul Serrana of Espírito Santo Free Admission Credit Cooperative-Sicoob(23186000886201801)Universidade Federal de Viçosa,UFVBIAGROLAMIC,and Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo-Coffee Design Group(dgp.cnpq.br/dgp/espelhogrupo/5617656954660266),for supporting the research,through the PRPPG no.12/2021-PPP-Productivity Researcher Program-PPP+5 种基金the coffee growers,Q-Graders and other partners for providing support to develop this scientific approachsupported by the financial agencies Coordenacao de Aperfeicoa-mento de Pessoal de nível Superior(CAPES/CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico(CNPq,404228/2021-6)Fundacao de Amparoa Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais(FAPEMIG)Fundacao de Amparoa Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espírito Santo(FAPES433/2021).
文摘The growing demand for specialty coffees has driven the development of new post-harvest techniques aimed at improving sensory quality.Fermentation with microbial starter cultures has emerged as a promising strategy for both flavor enhancement and food safety.The microbial diversity present in coffee fruits contributes to the beverage’s sensory profile,which is shaped by environmental factors,genetic variety,and post-harvest processing.This study aimed to evaluate microbial succession during 288 h of coffee fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to correlate the most abundant microorganisms with the sensory quality of the beverage.The experiment involved manual harvesting,washing,and fermentation under anaerobic conditions at 28℃,with periodic sampling for microbial diversity analysis.DNA extraction,PCR amplification,and sequencing were performed to assess bacterial and fungal population dynamics.Changes in bacterial and fungal alpha and beta diversity were most pronounced in the early stages of fermentation.The dominant bacterial genera were Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc,while S.cerevisiae remained the most abundant fungus throughout the process.A correlation between the relative abundance of Leuconostoc sp.,L.plantarum,and L.brevis and the sensory scores of coffee beverages was observed.Initial microbial richness was higher in natural coffee,whereas pulped coffee stabilized earlier.Overall,post-harvest processing and fermentation time significantly influenced microbial succession and the sensory quality of coffee.
基金supported by grants from the Discipline Construction of Important Weak Disciplines in Shanghai Health System(No.2015ZB0402)ChineseMedicine Research Fund from Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission(No.2014LP006Aand ZY3-RCPY-4-2005)Dual Task Training to Prevent Fall of the Elderly Patients with Cognitive(No.SHDCI2014126).
文摘Background:Emerging evidences have indicated that the composition of gut microbiota was significantly influenced by central nervous system diseases.The digestion and metabolism disturbances of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)might be strongly associated with ALS;however,this has rarely been evaluated in these populations.This study was to evaluate bacterial and archaeal composition of gut flora and the corresponding metabolism performance of these micro-organisms in fecal samples of patients with ALS.Methods:A comparative study was performed on the intestinal microbiota from eight patients with ALS and eight healthy individuals at Huadong Hospital during November 2017 to April 2018;meanwhile,the metabolite concentrations of human endotoxin,short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),NO2-N/NO3-N,andγ-aminobutyric acid were also evaluated by spectrophotometry methods.The correlations between intestinal microbiota and metabolite concentration were compared between the two groups using one-way analysis of variance;the relative abundance of beneficial and harmful micro-organisms in fecal samples was also analyzed.Results:In general,the richness and evenness of bacterial and archaeal communities of healthy individuals were healthier than that of patients with ALS.The phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio,genus Methanobrevibacter showed an enhancive tendency in patients with ALS,whereas the relative abundance of beneficial micro-organisms(genera Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides)presented a significant decrease tendency in patients with ALS.In addition,the average concentrations of human endotoxin,SCFA,NO2-N/NO3-N,andγ-aminobutyric acid in patients with ALS and healthy individuals were 64.2 vs.65.3 EU/mL,57.5 vs.55.3μg/mL,5.7 vs.5.3 ng/mL,and 6.1 vs.5.4 tmol/L,respectively,indicating that the digestion and metabolism functions of gastrointestinal tract of patients might decline with this disease.Conclusions:The relative abundance of beneficial and harmful micro-organisms respectively showed decrease and increase tendency in patients with ALS.
