The concurrent exploration of shale oil wells in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin has uncovered promising hydrocarbon shows in the Fuyu pay zone of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation.To assess the hydrocarbon ...The concurrent exploration of shale oil wells in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin has uncovered promising hydrocarbon shows in the Fuyu pay zone of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation.To assess the hydrocarbon exploration potential of the Fuyu pay zone,this study systematically analyzes the main controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation,including source rock conditions,reservoir characteristics and migration capacity,in the deep area of the Gulong Sag,using seismic,drilling and core data,and reveals the hydrocarbon enrichment mechanism and accumulation model.The results indicate that the source rocks in the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(Qing-1 Member)in the Gulong Sag are widely distributed,characterized by high quality,large area,high maturity and high hydrocarbon generation intensity,providing an ample oil source for the Fuyu pay zone.The Fuyu pay zone in the Gulong Sag features multi-phase channel sand bodies and beach-bar sands that are laterally superimposed and vertically stacked,forming large-scale sand-rich reservoir assemblages,which provide the storage space for tight oil enrichment.Influenced by overpressure pore preservation and dissolution-enhanced porosity,the porosity of the Fuyu pay zone can reach up to 13%,meeting the reservoir conditions necessary for large-scale tight oil enrichment.The episodic opening of hydrocarbon-source connected faults during the hydrocarbon expulsion period,combined with source-reservoir pressure differentials,drives the efficient charging and enrichment of hydrocarbons into the underlying tight reservoirs.The hydrocarbon accumulation model of the Fuyu pay zone is summarized as“source-reservoir juxtaposition,overpressure charging,lateral source-reservoir connection+vertical fault-directed bidirectional hydrocarbon supply,continuous sand body distribution,and large-scale enrichment in fault-horst belts”.A new insight for the deep area of the Gulong Sag is proposed as being sand-rich,having superior reservoirs,and being oil-rich.This insight guided the deployment of three risk exploration wells.The Well HT1H achieved a high-yield industrial oil flow rate of 35.27 t/d during testing,discovering light tight oil with low density and low viscosity.Through horizontal well volumetric fracturing treatment,the Well HT1H achieved the first high-yield breakthrough of tight oil in the deep area of the Gulong Sag,confirming the presence of geological conditions for large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation in this area.This expands the potential for hundred-million-ton tight oil resource additions in the Songliao Basin and deepens the theoretical understanding of continental tight oil accumulation.展开更多
Time flows with no stop,and seasons change in swift succession.As we bid farewell to 2025 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2026,the Editorial Office of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends our most heartfel...Time flows with no stop,and seasons change in swift succession.As we bid farewell to 2025 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2026,the Editorial Office of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends our most heartfelt gratitude and sincerest New Year wishes to our editorial board members,experts,authors,readers,and friends from all sectors.展开更多
The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation backgroun...The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.展开更多
Oil and gas resources serve as the driving force for economic and social development.This rapid development of science and technology has accelerated the exploration,development,and utilization of oil and gas resource...Oil and gas resources serve as the driving force for economic and social development.This rapid development of science and technology has accelerated the exploration,development,and utilization of oil and gas resources,and thus led to spurts in related research.However,the research trends in global oil and gas exploration vary with the progress of science and technology as well as social demands.Accordingly,they are not easily captured.This study explores the research trends in global oil and gas exploration through the bibliometric analysis of 3460 articles on oil and gas exploration collected from the Web of Science database and published from 2013 to 2023.The research hotspots,objects,regional distribution,methods,and evaluation methods in oil and gas exploration are analyzed,and the direction of development of oil and gas exploration is presented on this basis.The research characteristics of four major countries or regions related to oil and gas exploration were further investigated and compared.The results show that the number of publications on oil and gas exploration research has been continuously increasing in the past decade,with China ranking the top in terms of publications.Given the continuously evolving global energy demand,exploration of unconventional oil and gas,application of digital technology,deep and emerging regional resource exploration,and environmentally friendly and low-carbon source exploration will be future research hotspots.展开更多
The most common aspect of water conveyance tunnel construction is the use of horizontal and sub-horizontal exploration drilling of headings of a tunnel to predict geology and groundwater conditions.The instability of ...The most common aspect of water conveyance tunnel construction is the use of horizontal and sub-horizontal exploration drilling of headings of a tunnel to predict geology and groundwater conditions.The instability of boreholes,extreme loss of circulation,and high-head inflow are also common in fractured strata,which often inhibit completion of probe holes and the reliability of coring,packer testing,and grouting tests.Casing,consequently,is a significant enabling technology to stabilize fractured intervals and has a hydraulic isolation under coupled mechanical and hydrogeological disturbances.The review is a synthesis of research and engineering experience on methods of casing to be used in horizontal drilling of fractured rock masses used in the exploration of water conveyance tunnels.The geological and working environment is initially outlined with a focus on fracture-adaptable instability processes and the special goings on of underground drilling,such as the restricted workspace,cuttings difficult to move,and fast movement of the competent and crushed regions.Types of casing systems are then listed,including both standard threaded steel strings and telescopic programs,and more specialized casing system types,including expandable casing,swellable sealing elements,and external casing packers.Special focus is made on the sealing of annulus in horizontal holes,wherein slurry loss,gravity segregation,and non-uniform borehole geometry usually worsen isolation.Lastly,the article suggests adaptive choice of strategy according to real-time drilling reaction,and research priorities,such as tunnel-specific performance measurements,coupled hydro-mechanical modelling,and field trials of sophisticated sealing material and data-driven choice making.展开更多
The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)into groundwater exploration and water resources management has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing global water challenges.This rev...The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)into groundwater exploration and water resources management has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing global water challenges.This review explores key AI and ML concepts,methodologies,and their applications in hydrology,focusing on groundwater potential mapping,water quality prediction,and groundwater level forecasting.It discusses various data acquisition techniques,including remote sensing,geospatial analysis,and geophysical surveys,alongside preprocessing methods that are essential for enhancing model accuracy.The study highlights AI-driven solutions in water distribution,allocation optimization,and realtime resource management.Despite their advantages,the application of AI and ML in water sciences faces several challenges,including data scarcity,model reliability,and the integration of these tools with traditional water management systems.Ethical and regulatory concerns also demand careful consideration.The paper also outlines future research directions,emphasizing the need for improved data collection,interpretable models,real-time monitoring capabilities,and interdisciplinary collaboration.By leveraging AI and ML advancements,the water sector can enhance decision-making,optimize resource distribution,and support the development of sustainable water management strategies.展开更多
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)plays a prominent role in various fields,and autonomous navigation is a crucial component of UAV intelligence.Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)has expanded the research avenues for addressin...Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)plays a prominent role in various fields,and autonomous navigation is a crucial component of UAV intelligence.Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)has expanded the research avenues for addressing challenges in autonomous navigation.Nonetheless,challenges persist,including getting stuck in local optima,consuming excessive computations during action space exploration,and neglecting deterministic experience.This paper proposes a noise-driven enhancement strategy.In accordance with the overall learning phases,a global noise control method is designed,while a differentiated local noise control method is developed by analyzing the exploration demands of four typical situations encountered by UAV during navigation.Both methods are integrated into a dual-model for noise control to regulate action space exploration.Furthermore,noise dual experience replay buffers are designed to optimize the rational utilization of both deterministic and noisy experience.In uncertain environments,based on the Twin Delay Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(TD3)algorithm with Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)network and Priority Experience Replay(PER),a Noise-Driven Enhancement Priority Memory TD3(NDE-PMTD3)is developed.We established a simulation environment to compare different algorithms,and the performance of the algorithms is analyzed in various scenarios.The training results indicate that the proposed algorithm accelerates the convergence speed and enhances the convergence stability.In test experiments,the proposed algorithm successfully and efficiently performs autonomous navigation tasks in diverse environments,demonstrating superior generalization results.展开更多
In 2025,the global rare earth exploration and development sector achieved breakthroughs across multiple fronts.Projects advanced intensively across the Americas,Oceania,Africa,and Europe,with significant growth in res...In 2025,the global rare earth exploration and development sector achieved breakthroughs across multiple fronts.Projects advanced intensively across the Americas,Oceania,Africa,and Europe,with significant growth in resources,continuous emergence of new deposits,and strong impetus injected into the industry by technological innovation and policy support.The global rare earth resource supply pattern was further optimized (Table 1).1.Fruitful results in resource growth and new deposit discoveriesBrazil emerged as a core region for resource growth.The Colossus rare earth deposit saw a 150%increase in resources and announced its first reserve estimate.The Caldeira rare earth deposit’s resource estimate grew by 50%.The combined ore resources in the Caladão rare earth deposit’s Zones A and B reached 5.72×10~8 tonnes,with a total rare earth oxide(TREO) grade of 0.1506%,concurrently hosting 2.29×10~4tonnes of gallium metal resources.展开更多
Bubbles play crucial roles in various fields,including naval and ocean engineering,chemical engineering,and biochemical engineering.Numerous theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,and experimental studies have bee...Bubbles play crucial roles in various fields,including naval and ocean engineering,chemical engineering,and biochemical engineering.Numerous theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,and experimental studies have been conducted to reveal the mysteries of bubble motion and its mechanisms.These efforts have significantly advanced research in bubble dynamics,where theoretical study is an efficient method for bubble motion prediction.Since Lord Rayleigh introduced the theoretical model of single-bubble motion in incompressible fluid in 1917,theoretical studies have been pivotal in understanding bubble dynamics.This study provides a comprehensive review of the development and applicability of theoretical studies in bubble dynamics using typical theoretical bubble models across different periods as a focal point and an overview of bubble theory applications in underwater explosion,marine cavitation,and seismic exploration.This study aims to serve as a reference and catalyst for further advancements in theoretical analysis and practical applications of bubble theory across marine fields.展开更多
Embodied visual exploration is critical for building intelligent visual agents. This paper presents the neural exploration with feature-based visual odometry and tracking-failure-reduction policy(Ne OR), a framework f...Embodied visual exploration is critical for building intelligent visual agents. This paper presents the neural exploration with feature-based visual odometry and tracking-failure-reduction policy(Ne OR), a framework for embodied visual exploration that possesses the efficient exploration capabilities of deep reinforcement learning(DRL)-based exploration policies and leverages feature-based visual odometry(VO) for more accurate mapping and positioning results. An improved local policy is also proposed to reduce tracking failures of feature-based VO in weakly textured scenes through a refined multi-discrete action space, keyframe fusion, and an auxiliary task. The experimental results demonstrate that Ne OR has better mapping and positioning accuracy compared to other entirely learning-based exploration frameworks and improves the robustness of feature-based VO by significantly reducing tracking failures in weakly textured scenes.展开更多
The Zijinshan ore field located in southwestern Fujian Province,China,is a representative porphyry-epithermal ore system hosting diverse mineralization types(Mao et al.,2013).The ore field comprises of the Zijinshan h...The Zijinshan ore field located in southwestern Fujian Province,China,is a representative porphyry-epithermal ore system hosting diverse mineralization types(Mao et al.,2013).The ore field comprises of the Zijinshan highsulfidation Cu-Au deposit,the Luoboling porphyry Cu-Mo deposit,the transitional style Cu deposit(Longjiangting and Wuziqilong)and the Yueyang low-sulfidation Agpolymetallic deposit(Zhang,2013;Zhang et al.,2003)展开更多
Based on the analysis of surface geological survey,exploratory well,gravity-magnetic-electric and seismic data,and through mapping the sedimentary basin and its peripheral orogenic belts together,this paper explores s...Based on the analysis of surface geological survey,exploratory well,gravity-magnetic-electric and seismic data,and through mapping the sedimentary basin and its peripheral orogenic belts together,this paper explores systematically the boundary,distribution,geological structure,and tectonic attributes of the Ordos prototype basin in the geological historical periods.The results show that the Ordos block is bounded to the west by the Engorwusu Fault Zone,to the east by the Taihangshan Mountain Piedmont Fault Zone,to the north by the Solonker-Xilamuron Suture Zone,and to the south by the Shangnan-Danfeng Suture Zone.The Ordos Basin boundary was the plate tectonic boundary during the Middle Proterozoic to Paleozoic,and the intra-continental deformation boundary in the Meso-Cenozoic.The basin survived as a marine cratonic basin covering the entire Ordos block during the Middle Proterozoic to Ordovician,a marine-continental transitional depression basin enclosed by an island arc uplift belt at the plate margin during the Carboniferous to Permian,a unified intra-continental lacustrine depression basin in the Triassic,and an intra-continental cratonic basin circled by a rift system in the Cenozoic.The basin scope has been decreasing till the present.The large,widespread prototype basin controlled the exploration area far beyond the present-day sedimentary basin boundary,with multiple target plays vertically.The Ordos Basin has the characteristics of a whole petroleum(or deposition)system.The Middle Proterozoic wide-rift system as a typical basin under the overlying Phanerozoic basin and the Cambrian-Ordovician passive margin basin and intra-cratonic depression in the deep-sited basin will be the important successions for oil and gas exploration in the coming years.展开更多
The Mesozoic volcanic rocks of the Bodong Low Uplift in the Bohai Bay Basin have been studied and explored for years.In 2024,the LK7-A well drilled in this region tested high-yield oil and gas flows from volcanic weat...The Mesozoic volcanic rocks of the Bodong Low Uplift in the Bohai Bay Basin have been studied and explored for years.In 2024,the LK7-A well drilled in this region tested high-yield oil and gas flows from volcanic weathered crust.These volcanic rocks need to be further investigated in terms of distribution patterns,conditions for forming high-quality reservoirs,and main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation.Based on the logging,geochemical and mineralogical data from wells newly drilled to the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the basin,and high-resolution 3D seismic data,a comprehensive study was conducted for this area.The research findings are as follows.First,the volcanic rocks in the LK7-A structure are adakites with a large source area depth,and the deep and large faults have provided channels for the emplacement of intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks.Second,volcanic rock reservoirs are mainly distributed in tectonic breccias and intermediate-acidic lavas,and they are dominantly fractured-porous reservoirs,with high-porosity and low-permeability or medium-porosity and low-permeability.Third,the dominant lithologies/lithofacies is the basic condition for forming large-scale volcanic rock reservoirs.Structural fractures and late-stage strong weathering are crucial mechanisms for the formation scale of reservoirs in the Mesozoic volcanic rocks.Fourth,the Bodong Low Uplift exhibits strong hydrocarbon charging by two sags and overpressure mudstone capping,which are favorable for forming high-abundance oil and gas reservoirs.The Mesozoic volcanic buried hills in the study area reflect good trap geometry,providing favorable conditions for large-scale reservoir formation,and also excellent migration and accumulation conditions.Areas with long-term exposure of intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks,particularly in active structural regions,are the key targets for future exploration.展开更多
From a harmonized structural map at the scale of a portion of SW Burkina Faso (90 × 80 km2), we targeted prospective zones on the basis of structural criteria and structure-geology relationships. The map was cons...From a harmonized structural map at the scale of a portion of SW Burkina Faso (90 × 80 km2), we targeted prospective zones on the basis of structural criteria and structure-geology relationships. The map was constructed from an aeromagnetic image, and the geology was deduced from old geological maps. The procedure involved extracting the magnetic fabric and deducing the deformation gradients, which led to the identification of shear zones. Analysis and interpretation of the structural geometry of the obtained structural pattern led us to target areas of interference between structures or geology-structures interplays, which are conducive to the deposition of metallic elements. The subsequent overlay of known gold prospects and deposits documented in the region revealed the validity of the predefined prospects. This result reinforces the applicability of the methodology as a first-order regional approach to mineral exploration.展开更多
In mid-May,good news came from Tajikistan,the country of high mountains.The Tajikistan Bogda Mountain geological exploration and sampling project,which had been dormant for over a decade,achieved a key breakthrough af...In mid-May,good news came from Tajikistan,the country of high mountains.The Tajikistan Bogda Mountain geological exploration and sampling project,which had been dormant for over a decade,achieved a key breakthrough after years of careful research,multi-party collaboration,and optimization of various plans,launching a new round of field exploration and testing work.展开更多
The Late Yanshanian granite belt in the Yidun Island Arc of western Sichuan constitutes a critical rare metal metallogenic zone along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,yet its deep-seated resource distribution...The Late Yanshanian granite belt in the Yidun Island Arc of western Sichuan constitutes a critical rare metal metallogenic zone along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,yet its deep-seated resource distribution has remained poorly understood.Focusing on the northern contact zone of Hagala rock mass,this study innovatively integrates geological mapping,high-power induced polarization(IP)sounding(AB/2=1500m,MN=20m),and 3D modeling to systematically constrain the spatial architecture and resource potential of deep-seated ore bodies.Key findings include:(1)Surface discovery of 12 NW-trending pegmatitetype Nb-Ta-Li-Be veins,with the No.3 principal vein exhibiting maximum dimensions(850m length×5-15m width)and average grades of 0.031%Ta_(2)O_(5)and 0.017%Nb_(2)O_(5)-significantly exceeding industrial thresholds(0.012%),while Li_(2)O(0.55%)and Rb_(2)O(0.24%)reach cutoff grades;(2)IP sounding reveals spatial correlation between deep high-resistivity anomalies(4,684Ω·m)and low polarization rates(1.28%),with 3D inversion demonstrating NE-dipping extensions exceeding 800m depth,establishing a geometrically constrained mineralization model of 2.28 million m^(3)volume;(3)Resource estimates for the No.3 vein yield 35,000 tonnes Li_(2)O and 15,000 tonnes Rb_(2)O,with 1,981 tonnes Ta_(2)O_(5)and 1,086 tonnes Nb_(2)O_(5)metal content,confirming large-scale rare metal deposit potential.The developed geology-geophysics collaborative exploration framework establishes a paradigm for rare metal prospecting in collisional orogenic belts.展开更多
On June 3,Scopus,a database owned by Elsevier,released CiteScore 2024 metrics for academic journal evaluation.Both the Chinese and English editions of Petroleum Exploration and Development achieved record highs in the...On June 3,Scopus,a database owned by Elsevier,released CiteScore 2024 metrics for academic journal evaluation.Both the Chinese and English editions of Petroleum Exploration and Development achieved record highs in the past year,ranking among the top in various categories.The CiteScore of the Chinese edition increased to 9.9 in 2024 from 8.4 in 2023,ranking 13th out of 330 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geology category and 2lst out of 239 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology category.展开更多
China’s energy resource endowment is characterized by being“poor in oil,scarce in gas,and rich in coal”,a fundamental national condition that determines the uniqueness of China’s energy strategy.At the beginning o...China’s energy resource endowment is characterized by being“poor in oil,scarce in gas,and rich in coal”,a fundamental national condition that determines the uniqueness of China’s energy strategy.At the beginning of the 20th century,foreign experts and scholars generally concluded and claimed that China was an“oil-poor country”lacking the geological conditions for hydrocarbon formation.展开更多
At the turn of the new spring,as we bid farewell to 2024 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2025,our entire editorial team of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends heartfelt gratitude and sincere New Year'...At the turn of the new spring,as we bid farewell to 2024 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2025,our entire editorial team of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends heartfelt gratitude and sincere New Year's greetings to our editorial board,experts,authors,readers,and friends from all fields!展开更多
Sent out at 1:31am GMT+8 on May 29 by a Long March-3B carrier rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province,China,Tianwen-2,the second mission of China’s Planetary Exploration Program,correctly ...Sent out at 1:31am GMT+8 on May 29 by a Long March-3B carrier rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province,China,Tianwen-2,the second mission of China’s Planetary Exploration Program,correctly entered the transfer trajectory toward an asteroid named 2016HO3 after flying for 18 minutes.Its solar wings unfolded properly,signaling a successful start,and primed for the next stage of its mission.展开更多
基金Supported by the PetroChina Oil,Gas and New Energy Division Science and Technology Special Project(2023YQX10102)。
文摘The concurrent exploration of shale oil wells in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin has uncovered promising hydrocarbon shows in the Fuyu pay zone of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation.To assess the hydrocarbon exploration potential of the Fuyu pay zone,this study systematically analyzes the main controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation,including source rock conditions,reservoir characteristics and migration capacity,in the deep area of the Gulong Sag,using seismic,drilling and core data,and reveals the hydrocarbon enrichment mechanism and accumulation model.The results indicate that the source rocks in the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(Qing-1 Member)in the Gulong Sag are widely distributed,characterized by high quality,large area,high maturity and high hydrocarbon generation intensity,providing an ample oil source for the Fuyu pay zone.The Fuyu pay zone in the Gulong Sag features multi-phase channel sand bodies and beach-bar sands that are laterally superimposed and vertically stacked,forming large-scale sand-rich reservoir assemblages,which provide the storage space for tight oil enrichment.Influenced by overpressure pore preservation and dissolution-enhanced porosity,the porosity of the Fuyu pay zone can reach up to 13%,meeting the reservoir conditions necessary for large-scale tight oil enrichment.The episodic opening of hydrocarbon-source connected faults during the hydrocarbon expulsion period,combined with source-reservoir pressure differentials,drives the efficient charging and enrichment of hydrocarbons into the underlying tight reservoirs.The hydrocarbon accumulation model of the Fuyu pay zone is summarized as“source-reservoir juxtaposition,overpressure charging,lateral source-reservoir connection+vertical fault-directed bidirectional hydrocarbon supply,continuous sand body distribution,and large-scale enrichment in fault-horst belts”.A new insight for the deep area of the Gulong Sag is proposed as being sand-rich,having superior reservoirs,and being oil-rich.This insight guided the deployment of three risk exploration wells.The Well HT1H achieved a high-yield industrial oil flow rate of 35.27 t/d during testing,discovering light tight oil with low density and low viscosity.Through horizontal well volumetric fracturing treatment,the Well HT1H achieved the first high-yield breakthrough of tight oil in the deep area of the Gulong Sag,confirming the presence of geological conditions for large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation in this area.This expands the potential for hundred-million-ton tight oil resource additions in the Songliao Basin and deepens the theoretical understanding of continental tight oil accumulation.
文摘Time flows with no stop,and seasons change in swift succession.As we bid farewell to 2025 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2026,the Editorial Office of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends our most heartfelt gratitude and sincerest New Year wishes to our editorial board members,experts,authors,readers,and friends from all sectors.
基金co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372160,42072172)。
文摘The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.
文摘Oil and gas resources serve as the driving force for economic and social development.This rapid development of science and technology has accelerated the exploration,development,and utilization of oil and gas resources,and thus led to spurts in related research.However,the research trends in global oil and gas exploration vary with the progress of science and technology as well as social demands.Accordingly,they are not easily captured.This study explores the research trends in global oil and gas exploration through the bibliometric analysis of 3460 articles on oil and gas exploration collected from the Web of Science database and published from 2013 to 2023.The research hotspots,objects,regional distribution,methods,and evaluation methods in oil and gas exploration are analyzed,and the direction of development of oil and gas exploration is presented on this basis.The research characteristics of four major countries or regions related to oil and gas exploration were further investigated and compared.The results show that the number of publications on oil and gas exploration research has been continuously increasing in the past decade,with China ranking the top in terms of publications.Given the continuously evolving global energy demand,exploration of unconventional oil and gas,application of digital technology,deep and emerging regional resource exploration,and environmentally friendly and low-carbon source exploration will be future research hotspots.
文摘The most common aspect of water conveyance tunnel construction is the use of horizontal and sub-horizontal exploration drilling of headings of a tunnel to predict geology and groundwater conditions.The instability of boreholes,extreme loss of circulation,and high-head inflow are also common in fractured strata,which often inhibit completion of probe holes and the reliability of coring,packer testing,and grouting tests.Casing,consequently,is a significant enabling technology to stabilize fractured intervals and has a hydraulic isolation under coupled mechanical and hydrogeological disturbances.The review is a synthesis of research and engineering experience on methods of casing to be used in horizontal drilling of fractured rock masses used in the exploration of water conveyance tunnels.The geological and working environment is initially outlined with a focus on fracture-adaptable instability processes and the special goings on of underground drilling,such as the restricted workspace,cuttings difficult to move,and fast movement of the competent and crushed regions.Types of casing systems are then listed,including both standard threaded steel strings and telescopic programs,and more specialized casing system types,including expandable casing,swellable sealing elements,and external casing packers.Special focus is made on the sealing of annulus in horizontal holes,wherein slurry loss,gravity segregation,and non-uniform borehole geometry usually worsen isolation.Lastly,the article suggests adaptive choice of strategy according to real-time drilling reaction,and research priorities,such as tunnel-specific performance measurements,coupled hydro-mechanical modelling,and field trials of sophisticated sealing material and data-driven choice making.
文摘The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)into groundwater exploration and water resources management has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing global water challenges.This review explores key AI and ML concepts,methodologies,and their applications in hydrology,focusing on groundwater potential mapping,water quality prediction,and groundwater level forecasting.It discusses various data acquisition techniques,including remote sensing,geospatial analysis,and geophysical surveys,alongside preprocessing methods that are essential for enhancing model accuracy.The study highlights AI-driven solutions in water distribution,allocation optimization,and realtime resource management.Despite their advantages,the application of AI and ML in water sciences faces several challenges,including data scarcity,model reliability,and the integration of these tools with traditional water management systems.Ethical and regulatory concerns also demand careful consideration.The paper also outlines future research directions,emphasizing the need for improved data collection,interpretable models,real-time monitoring capabilities,and interdisciplinary collaboration.By leveraging AI and ML advancements,the water sector can enhance decision-making,optimize resource distribution,and support the development of sustainable water management strategies.
基金the Collaborative Innovation Project of Shanghai,China for the financial support。
文摘Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)plays a prominent role in various fields,and autonomous navigation is a crucial component of UAV intelligence.Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)has expanded the research avenues for addressing challenges in autonomous navigation.Nonetheless,challenges persist,including getting stuck in local optima,consuming excessive computations during action space exploration,and neglecting deterministic experience.This paper proposes a noise-driven enhancement strategy.In accordance with the overall learning phases,a global noise control method is designed,while a differentiated local noise control method is developed by analyzing the exploration demands of four typical situations encountered by UAV during navigation.Both methods are integrated into a dual-model for noise control to regulate action space exploration.Furthermore,noise dual experience replay buffers are designed to optimize the rational utilization of both deterministic and noisy experience.In uncertain environments,based on the Twin Delay Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(TD3)algorithm with Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)network and Priority Experience Replay(PER),a Noise-Driven Enhancement Priority Memory TD3(NDE-PMTD3)is developed.We established a simulation environment to compare different algorithms,and the performance of the algorithms is analyzed in various scenarios.The training results indicate that the proposed algorithm accelerates the convergence speed and enhances the convergence stability.In test experiments,the proposed algorithm successfully and efficiently performs autonomous navigation tasks in diverse environments,demonstrating superior generalization results.
文摘In 2025,the global rare earth exploration and development sector achieved breakthroughs across multiple fronts.Projects advanced intensively across the Americas,Oceania,Africa,and Europe,with significant growth in resources,continuous emergence of new deposits,and strong impetus injected into the industry by technological innovation and policy support.The global rare earth resource supply pattern was further optimized (Table 1).1.Fruitful results in resource growth and new deposit discoveriesBrazil emerged as a core region for resource growth.The Colossus rare earth deposit saw a 150%increase in resources and announced its first reserve estimate.The Caldeira rare earth deposit’s resource estimate grew by 50%.The combined ore resources in the Caladão rare earth deposit’s Zones A and B reached 5.72×10~8 tonnes,with a total rare earth oxide(TREO) grade of 0.1506%,concurrently hosting 2.29×10~4tonnes of gallium metal resources.
文摘Bubbles play crucial roles in various fields,including naval and ocean engineering,chemical engineering,and biochemical engineering.Numerous theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,and experimental studies have been conducted to reveal the mysteries of bubble motion and its mechanisms.These efforts have significantly advanced research in bubble dynamics,where theoretical study is an efficient method for bubble motion prediction.Since Lord Rayleigh introduced the theoretical model of single-bubble motion in incompressible fluid in 1917,theoretical studies have been pivotal in understanding bubble dynamics.This study provides a comprehensive review of the development and applicability of theoretical studies in bubble dynamics using typical theoretical bubble models across different periods as a focal point and an overview of bubble theory applications in underwater explosion,marine cavitation,and seismic exploration.This study aims to serve as a reference and catalyst for further advancements in theoretical analysis and practical applications of bubble theory across marine fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62202137)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2023M730599)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.LMS25F020009)。
文摘Embodied visual exploration is critical for building intelligent visual agents. This paper presents the neural exploration with feature-based visual odometry and tracking-failure-reduction policy(Ne OR), a framework for embodied visual exploration that possesses the efficient exploration capabilities of deep reinforcement learning(DRL)-based exploration policies and leverages feature-based visual odometry(VO) for more accurate mapping and positioning results. An improved local policy is also proposed to reduce tracking failures of feature-based VO in weakly textured scenes through a refined multi-discrete action space, keyframe fusion, and an auxiliary task. The experimental results demonstrate that Ne OR has better mapping and positioning accuracy compared to other entirely learning-based exploration frameworks and improves the robustness of feature-based VO by significantly reducing tracking failures in weakly textured scenes.
基金financially supported by Zijin Mining Group(No.01612216)the Ministry of Natural Resources,China(No.ZKKJ202426)。
文摘The Zijinshan ore field located in southwestern Fujian Province,China,is a representative porphyry-epithermal ore system hosting diverse mineralization types(Mao et al.,2013).The ore field comprises of the Zijinshan highsulfidation Cu-Au deposit,the Luoboling porphyry Cu-Mo deposit,the transitional style Cu deposit(Longjiangting and Wuziqilong)and the Yueyang low-sulfidation Agpolymetallic deposit(Zhang,2013;Zhang et al.,2003)
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42330810)Major Science and Technology Project of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company(ZDZX2021-01).
文摘Based on the analysis of surface geological survey,exploratory well,gravity-magnetic-electric and seismic data,and through mapping the sedimentary basin and its peripheral orogenic belts together,this paper explores systematically the boundary,distribution,geological structure,and tectonic attributes of the Ordos prototype basin in the geological historical periods.The results show that the Ordos block is bounded to the west by the Engorwusu Fault Zone,to the east by the Taihangshan Mountain Piedmont Fault Zone,to the north by the Solonker-Xilamuron Suture Zone,and to the south by the Shangnan-Danfeng Suture Zone.The Ordos Basin boundary was the plate tectonic boundary during the Middle Proterozoic to Paleozoic,and the intra-continental deformation boundary in the Meso-Cenozoic.The basin survived as a marine cratonic basin covering the entire Ordos block during the Middle Proterozoic to Ordovician,a marine-continental transitional depression basin enclosed by an island arc uplift belt at the plate margin during the Carboniferous to Permian,a unified intra-continental lacustrine depression basin in the Triassic,and an intra-continental cratonic basin circled by a rift system in the Cenozoic.The basin scope has been decreasing till the present.The large,widespread prototype basin controlled the exploration area far beyond the present-day sedimentary basin boundary,with multiple target plays vertically.The Ordos Basin has the characteristics of a whole petroleum(or deposition)system.The Middle Proterozoic wide-rift system as a typical basin under the overlying Phanerozoic basin and the Cambrian-Ordovician passive margin basin and intra-cratonic depression in the deep-sited basin will be the important successions for oil and gas exploration in the coming years.
基金Supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24B2017)。
文摘The Mesozoic volcanic rocks of the Bodong Low Uplift in the Bohai Bay Basin have been studied and explored for years.In 2024,the LK7-A well drilled in this region tested high-yield oil and gas flows from volcanic weathered crust.These volcanic rocks need to be further investigated in terms of distribution patterns,conditions for forming high-quality reservoirs,and main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation.Based on the logging,geochemical and mineralogical data from wells newly drilled to the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the basin,and high-resolution 3D seismic data,a comprehensive study was conducted for this area.The research findings are as follows.First,the volcanic rocks in the LK7-A structure are adakites with a large source area depth,and the deep and large faults have provided channels for the emplacement of intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks.Second,volcanic rock reservoirs are mainly distributed in tectonic breccias and intermediate-acidic lavas,and they are dominantly fractured-porous reservoirs,with high-porosity and low-permeability or medium-porosity and low-permeability.Third,the dominant lithologies/lithofacies is the basic condition for forming large-scale volcanic rock reservoirs.Structural fractures and late-stage strong weathering are crucial mechanisms for the formation scale of reservoirs in the Mesozoic volcanic rocks.Fourth,the Bodong Low Uplift exhibits strong hydrocarbon charging by two sags and overpressure mudstone capping,which are favorable for forming high-abundance oil and gas reservoirs.The Mesozoic volcanic buried hills in the study area reflect good trap geometry,providing favorable conditions for large-scale reservoir formation,and also excellent migration and accumulation conditions.Areas with long-term exposure of intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks,particularly in active structural regions,are the key targets for future exploration.
文摘From a harmonized structural map at the scale of a portion of SW Burkina Faso (90 × 80 km2), we targeted prospective zones on the basis of structural criteria and structure-geology relationships. The map was constructed from an aeromagnetic image, and the geology was deduced from old geological maps. The procedure involved extracting the magnetic fabric and deducing the deformation gradients, which led to the identification of shear zones. Analysis and interpretation of the structural geometry of the obtained structural pattern led us to target areas of interference between structures or geology-structures interplays, which are conducive to the deposition of metallic elements. The subsequent overlay of known gold prospects and deposits documented in the region revealed the validity of the predefined prospects. This result reinforces the applicability of the methodology as a first-order regional approach to mineral exploration.
文摘In mid-May,good news came from Tajikistan,the country of high mountains.The Tajikistan Bogda Mountain geological exploration and sampling project,which had been dormant for over a decade,achieved a key breakthrough after years of careful research,multi-party collaboration,and optimization of various plans,launching a new round of field exploration and testing work.
基金supported by the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant No.2024NSFSC0093)Sichuan Provincial Department of Natural Resources(Grants No.ZDKJ-2024-003 and KJ-2024-012)+2 种基金Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey(Grant No.SCIGS-CZDZX-2024001)the 2024 New Round of Strategic Mineral Exploration Initiative(ZKKJ202412)the Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Rare and Rare Earth Resource Evaluation and Utilization.
文摘The Late Yanshanian granite belt in the Yidun Island Arc of western Sichuan constitutes a critical rare metal metallogenic zone along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,yet its deep-seated resource distribution has remained poorly understood.Focusing on the northern contact zone of Hagala rock mass,this study innovatively integrates geological mapping,high-power induced polarization(IP)sounding(AB/2=1500m,MN=20m),and 3D modeling to systematically constrain the spatial architecture and resource potential of deep-seated ore bodies.Key findings include:(1)Surface discovery of 12 NW-trending pegmatitetype Nb-Ta-Li-Be veins,with the No.3 principal vein exhibiting maximum dimensions(850m length×5-15m width)and average grades of 0.031%Ta_(2)O_(5)and 0.017%Nb_(2)O_(5)-significantly exceeding industrial thresholds(0.012%),while Li_(2)O(0.55%)and Rb_(2)O(0.24%)reach cutoff grades;(2)IP sounding reveals spatial correlation between deep high-resistivity anomalies(4,684Ω·m)and low polarization rates(1.28%),with 3D inversion demonstrating NE-dipping extensions exceeding 800m depth,establishing a geometrically constrained mineralization model of 2.28 million m^(3)volume;(3)Resource estimates for the No.3 vein yield 35,000 tonnes Li_(2)O and 15,000 tonnes Rb_(2)O,with 1,981 tonnes Ta_(2)O_(5)and 1,086 tonnes Nb_(2)O_(5)metal content,confirming large-scale rare metal deposit potential.The developed geology-geophysics collaborative exploration framework establishes a paradigm for rare metal prospecting in collisional orogenic belts.
文摘On June 3,Scopus,a database owned by Elsevier,released CiteScore 2024 metrics for academic journal evaluation.Both the Chinese and English editions of Petroleum Exploration and Development achieved record highs in the past year,ranking among the top in various categories.The CiteScore of the Chinese edition increased to 9.9 in 2024 from 8.4 in 2023,ranking 13th out of 330 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geology category and 2lst out of 239 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology category.
文摘China’s energy resource endowment is characterized by being“poor in oil,scarce in gas,and rich in coal”,a fundamental national condition that determines the uniqueness of China’s energy strategy.At the beginning of the 20th century,foreign experts and scholars generally concluded and claimed that China was an“oil-poor country”lacking the geological conditions for hydrocarbon formation.
文摘At the turn of the new spring,as we bid farewell to 2024 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2025,our entire editorial team of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends heartfelt gratitude and sincere New Year's greetings to our editorial board,experts,authors,readers,and friends from all fields!
文摘Sent out at 1:31am GMT+8 on May 29 by a Long March-3B carrier rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province,China,Tianwen-2,the second mission of China’s Planetary Exploration Program,correctly entered the transfer trajectory toward an asteroid named 2016HO3 after flying for 18 minutes.Its solar wings unfolded properly,signaling a successful start,and primed for the next stage of its mission.
