In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often fa...In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often face challenges with handling high-resolution images and achieving accurate detection against complex backgrounds.To address these issues,this study employs the PatchCore unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm combined with data augmentation techniques to enhance the system’s generalization capability across varying lighting conditions,viewing angles,and object scales.The proposed method is evaluated in a complex industrial detection scenario involving the bogie of an electric multiple unit(EMU).A dataset consisting of complex backgrounds,diverse lighting conditions,and multiple viewing angles is constructed to validate the performance of the detection system in real industrial environments.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)of 0.92 and an average F1 score of 0.85.Combined with data augmentation,the proposed model exhibits improvements in AUROC by 0.06 and F1 score by 0.03,demonstrating enhanced accuracy and robustness for foreign object detection in complex industrial settings.In addition,the effects of key factors on detection performance are systematically analyzed,providing practical guidance for parameter selection in real industrial applications.展开更多
To support the process of grasping objects on a tabletop for the blind or robotic arm,it is necessary to address fundamental computer vision tasks,such as detecting,recognizing,and locating objects in space,and determ...To support the process of grasping objects on a tabletop for the blind or robotic arm,it is necessary to address fundamental computer vision tasks,such as detecting,recognizing,and locating objects in space,and determining the position of the grasping information.These results can then be used to guide the visually impaired or to execute grasping tasks with a robotic arm.In this paper,we collected,annotated,and published the benchmark TQUGraspingObject dataset for testing,validation,and evaluation of deep learning(DL)models for detecting,recognizing,and localizing grasping objects in 2D and 3D space,especially 3D point cloud data.Our dataset is collected in a shared room,with common everyday objects placed on the tabletop in jumbled positions by Intel RealSense D435(IR-D435).This dataset includes more than 63k RGB-D pairs and related data such as normalized 3D object point cloud,3D object point cloud segmented,coordinate system normalizationmatrix,3D object point cloud normalized,and hand pose for grasping each object.At the same time,we also conducted experiments on fourDL networks with the best performance:SSD-MobileNetV3,ResNet50-Transformer,ResNet101-Transformer,and YOLOv12.The results present that YOLOv12 has the most suitable results in detecting and recognizing objects in images.All data,annotations,toolkit,source code,point cloud data,and results are publicly available on our project website:https://github.com/HuaTThanhIT2327Tqu/datasetv2.展开更多
Augmented reality(AR)is an emerging dynamic technology that effectively supports education across different levels.The increased use of mobile devices has an even greater impact.As the demand for AR applications in ed...Augmented reality(AR)is an emerging dynamic technology that effectively supports education across different levels.The increased use of mobile devices has an even greater impact.As the demand for AR applications in education continues to increase,educators actively seek innovative and immersive methods to engage students in learning.However,exploring these possibilities also entails identifying and overcoming existing barriers to optimal educational integration.Concurrently,this surge in demand has prompted the identification of specific barriers,one of which is three-dimensional(3D)modeling.Creating 3D objects for augmented reality education applications can be challenging and time-consuming for the educators.To address this,we have developed a pipeline that creates realistic 3D objects from the two-dimensional(2D)photograph.Applications for augmented and virtual reality can then utilize these created 3D objects.We evaluated the proposed pipeline based on the usability of the 3D object and performance metrics.Quantitatively,with 117 respondents,the co-creation team was surveyed with openended questions to evaluate the precision of the 3D object created by the proposed photogrammetry pipeline.We analyzed the survey data using descriptive-analytical methods and found that the proposed pipeline produces 3D models that are positively accurate when compared to real-world objects,with an average mean score above 8.This study adds new knowledge in creating 3D objects for augmented reality applications by using the photogrammetry technique;finally,it discusses potential problems and future research directions for 3D objects in the education sector.展开更多
To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,a...To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.展开更多
Visible and infrared(RGB-IR)fusion object detection plays an important role in security,disaster relief,etc.In recent years,deep-learning-based RGB-IR fusion detection methods have been developing rapidly,but still st...Visible and infrared(RGB-IR)fusion object detection plays an important role in security,disaster relief,etc.In recent years,deep-learning-based RGB-IR fusion detection methods have been developing rapidly,but still struggle to deal with the complex and changing scenarios captured by drones,mainly due to two reasons:(A)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to inferior inputs that degrade performance and stability.(B)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to redundant features that reduce accuracy and efficiency.In this paper,an innovative RGB-IR fusion detection framework based on global-local feature optimization,named GLFDet,is proposed to improve the detection performance and efficiency of drone-captured objects.The key components of GLFDet include a Global Feature Optimization(GFO)module,a Local Feature Optimization(LFO)module and a Channel Separation Fusion(CSF)module.Specifically,GFO calculates the information content of the input image from the frequency domain and optimizes the features holistically.Then,LFO dynamically selects high-value features and filters out low-value features before fusion,which significantly improves the efficiency of fusion.Finally,CSF fuses the RGB and IR features across the corresponding channels,which avoids the rearrangement of the channel relationships and enhances the model stability.Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance on three popular RGB-IR datasets Drone Vehicle,VEDAI,and LLVIP.In addition,GLFDet is more lightweight than other comparable models,making it more appealing to edge devices such as drones.The code is available at https://github.com/lao chen330/GLFDet.展开更多
Transorbital craniocerebral injury is a relatively rare type of penetrating head injury that poses a significant threat to the ocular and cerebral structures.^([1])The clinical prognosis of transorbital craniocerebral...Transorbital craniocerebral injury is a relatively rare type of penetrating head injury that poses a significant threat to the ocular and cerebral structures.^([1])The clinical prognosis of transorbital craniocerebral injury is closely related to the size,shape,speed,nature,and trajectory of the foreign object,as well as the incidence of central nervous system damage and secondary complications.The foreign objects reported to have caused these injuries are categorized into wooden items,metallic items,^([2-8])and other materials,which penetrate the intracranial region via fi ve major pathways,including the orbital roof (OR),superior orbital fissure (SOF),inferior orbital fissure(IOF),optic canal (OC),and sphenoid wing.Herein,we present eight cases of transorbital craniocerebral injury caused by an unusual metallic foreign body.展开更多
With the rapid development of technology,artificial intelligence(AI)is increasingly being applied in various fields.In today’s context of resource scarcity,pursuit of sustainable development and resource reuse,the tr...With the rapid development of technology,artificial intelligence(AI)is increasingly being applied in various fields.In today’s context of resource scarcity,pursuit of sustainable development and resource reuse,the transformation of old objects is particularly important.This article analyzes the current status of old object transformation and the opportunities brought by the internet to old objects and delves into the application of artificial intelligence in old object transformation.The focus is on five aspects:intelligent identification and classification,intelligent evaluation and prediction,automation integration,intelligent design and optimization,and integration of 3D printing technology.Finally,the process of“redesigning an old furniture,such as a wooden desk,through AI technology”is described,including the recycling,identification,detection,design,transformation,and final user feedback of the old wooden desk.This illustrates the unlimited potential of the“AI+old object transformation”approach,advocates for people to strengthen green environmental protection,and drives sustainable development.展开更多
Shape prediction of deformable linear objects(DLO)plays critical roles in robotics,medical devices,aerospace,and manufacturing,especially in manipulating objects such as cables,wires,and fibers.Due to the inherent fle...Shape prediction of deformable linear objects(DLO)plays critical roles in robotics,medical devices,aerospace,and manufacturing,especially in manipulating objects such as cables,wires,and fibers.Due to the inherent flexibility of DLO and their complex deformation behaviors,such as bending and torsion,it is challenging to predict their dynamic characteristics accurately.Although the traditional physical modeling method can simulate the complex deformation behavior of DLO,the calculation cost is high and it is difficult to meet the demand of real-time prediction.In addition,the scarcity of data resources also limits the prediction accuracy of existing models.To solve these problems,a method of fiber shape prediction based on a physical information graph neural network(PIGNN)is proposed in this paper.This method cleverly combines the powerful expressive power of graph neural networks with the strict constraints of physical laws.Specifically,we learn the initial deformation model of the fiber through graph neural networks(GNN)to provide a good initial estimate for the model,which helps alleviate the problem of data resource scarcity.During the training process,we incorporate the physical prior knowledge of the dynamic deformation of the fiber optics into the loss function as a constraint,which is then fed back to the network model.This ensures that the shape of the fiber optics gradually approaches the true target shape,effectively solving the complex nonlinear behavior prediction problem of deformable linear objects.Experimental results demonstrate that,compared to traditional methods,the proposed method significantly reduces execution time and prediction error when handling the complex deformations of deformable fibers.This showcases its potential application value and superiority in fiber manipulation.展开更多
The increasing prevalence of violent incidents in public spaces has created an urgent need for intelligent surveillance systems capable of detecting dangerous objects in real time.While traditional video surveillance ...The increasing prevalence of violent incidents in public spaces has created an urgent need for intelligent surveillance systems capable of detecting dangerous objects in real time.While traditional video surveillance relies on human monitoring,this approach suffers from limitations such as fatigue and delayed response times.This study addresses these challenges by developing an automated detection system using advanced deep learning techniques to enhance public safety.Our approach leverages state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks(CNNs),specifically You Only Look Once version 4(YOLOv4)and EfficientDet,for real-time object detection.The system was trained on a comprehensive dataset of over 50,000 images,enhanced through data augmentation techniques to improve robustness across varying lighting conditions and viewing angles.Cloud-based deployment on Amazon Web Services(AWS)ensured scalability and efficient processing.Experimental evaluations demonstrated high performance,with YOLOv4 achieving 92%accuracy and processing images in 0.45 s,while EfficientDet reached 93%accuracy with a slightly longer processing time of 0.55 s per image.Field tests in high-traffic environments such as train stations and shopping malls confirmed the system’s reliability,with a false alarm rate of only 4.5%.The integration of automatic alerts enabled rapid security responses to potential threats.The proposed CNN-based system provides an effective solution for real-time detection of dangerous objects in video surveillance,significantly improving response times and public safety.While YOLOv4 proved more suitable for speed-critical applications,EfficientDet offered marginally better accuracy.Future work will focus on optimizing the system for low-light conditions and further reducing false positives.This research contributes to the advancement of AI-driven surveillance technologies,offering a scalable framework adaptable to various security scenarios.展开更多
Accurate segmentation of camouflage objects in aerial imagery is vital for improving the efficiency of UAV-based reconnaissance and rescue missions.However,camouflage object segmentation is increasingly challenging du...Accurate segmentation of camouflage objects in aerial imagery is vital for improving the efficiency of UAV-based reconnaissance and rescue missions.However,camouflage object segmentation is increasingly challenging due to advances in both camouflage materials and biological mimicry.Although multispectral-RGB based technology shows promise,conventional dual-aperture multispectral-RGB imaging systems are constrained by imprecise and time-consuming registration and fusion across different modalities,limiting their performance.Here,we propose the Reconstructed Multispectral-RGB Fusion Network(RMRF-Net),which reconstructs RGB images into multispectral ones,enabling efficient multimodal segmentation using only an RGB camera.Specifically,RMRF-Net employs a divergentsimilarity feature correction strategy to minimize reconstruction errors and includes an efficient boundary-aware decoder to enhance object contours.Notably,we establish the first real-world aerial multispectral-RGB semantic segmentation of camouflage objects dataset,including 11 object categories.Experimental results demonstrate that RMRF-Net outperforms existing methods,achieving 17.38 FPS on the NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin,with only a 0.96%drop in mIoU compared to the RTX 3090,showing its practical applicability in multimodal remote sensing.展开更多
Most image-based object detection methods employ horizontal bounding boxes(HBBs)to capture objects in tunnel images.However,these bounding boxes often fail to effectively enclose objects oriented in arbitrary directio...Most image-based object detection methods employ horizontal bounding boxes(HBBs)to capture objects in tunnel images.However,these bounding boxes often fail to effectively enclose objects oriented in arbitrary directions,resulting in reduced accuracy and suboptimal detection performance.Moreover,HBBs cannot provide directional information for rotated objects.This study proposes a rotated detection method for identifying apparent defects in shield tunnels.Specifically,the oriented region-convolutional neural network(oriented R-CNN)is utilized to detect rotated objects in tunnel images.To enhance feature extraction,a novel hybrid backbone combining CNN-based networks with Swin Transformers is proposed.A feature fusion strategy is employed to integrate features extracted from both networks.Additionally,a neck network based on the bidirectional-feature pyramid network(Bi-FPN)is designed to combine multi-scale object features.The bolt hole dataset is curated to evaluate the efficacyof the proposed method.In addition,a dedicated pre-processing approach is developed for large-sized images to accommodate the rotated,dense,and small-scale characteristics of objects in tunnel images.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a more than 4%improvement in mAP_(50-95)compared to other rotated detectors and a 6.6%-12.7%improvement over mainstream horizontal detectors.Furthermore,the proposed method outperforms mainstream methods by 6.5%-14.7%in detecting leakage bolt holes,underscoring its significant engineering applicability.展开更多
Human object detection and recognition is essential for elderly monitoring and assisted living however,models relying solely on pose or scene context often struggle in cluttered or visually ambiguous settings.To addre...Human object detection and recognition is essential for elderly monitoring and assisted living however,models relying solely on pose or scene context often struggle in cluttered or visually ambiguous settings.To address this,we present SCENET-3D,a transformer-drivenmultimodal framework that unifies human-centric skeleton features with scene-object semantics for intelligent robotic vision through a three-stage pipeline.In the first stage,scene analysis,rich geometric and texture descriptors are extracted from RGB frames,including surface-normal histograms,angles between neighboring normals,Zernike moments,directional standard deviation,and Gabor-filter responses.In the second stage,scene-object analysis,non-human objects are segmented and represented using local feature descriptors and complementary surface-normal information.In the third stage,human-pose estimation,silhouettes are processed through an enhanced MoveNet to obtain 2D anatomical keypoints,which are fused with depth information and converted into RGB-based point clouds to construct pseudo-3D skeletons.Features from all three stages are fused and fed in a transformer encoder with multi-head attention to resolve visually similar activities.Experiments on UCLA(95.8%),ETRI-Activity3D(89.4%),andCAD-120(91.2%)demonstrate that combining pseudo-3D skeletonswith rich scene-object fusion significantly improves generalizable activity recognition,enabling safer elderly care,natural human–robot interaction,and robust context-aware robotic perception in real-world environments.展开更多
The multi-objective optimization problems,especially in constrained environments such as power distribution planning,demand robust strategies for discovering effective solutions.This work presents the improved variant...The multi-objective optimization problems,especially in constrained environments such as power distribution planning,demand robust strategies for discovering effective solutions.This work presents the improved variant of the Multi-population Cooperative Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization(MCCMO)Algorithm,termed Adaptive Diversity Preservation(ADP).This enhancement is primarily focused on the improvement of constraint handling strategies,local search integration,hybrid selection approaches,and adaptive parameter control.Theimproved variant was experimented on with the RWMOP50 power distribution systemplanning benchmark.As per the findings,the improved variant outperformed the original MCCMO across the eleven performance metrics,particularly in terms of convergence speed,constraint handling efficiency,and solution diversity.The results also establish that MCCMOADP consistently delivers substantial performance gains over the baseline MCCMO,demonstrating its effectiveness across performancemetrics.The new variant also excels atmaintaining the balanced trade-off between exploration and exploitation throughout the search process,making it especially suitable for complex optimization problems in multiconstrained power systems.These enhancements make MCCMO-ADP a valuable and promising candidate for handling problems such as renewable energy scheduling,logistics planning,and power system optimization.Future work will benchmark the MCCMO-ADP against widely recognized algorithms such as NSGA-Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅲ,and MOEA/D and will also extend its validation to large-scale real-world optimization domains to further consolidate its generalizability.展开更多
Recognising human-object interactions(HOI)is a challenging task for traditional machine learning models,including convolutional neural networks(CNNs).Existing models show limited transferability across complex dataset...Recognising human-object interactions(HOI)is a challenging task for traditional machine learning models,including convolutional neural networks(CNNs).Existing models show limited transferability across complex datasets such as D3D-HOI and SYSU 3D HOI.The conventional architecture of CNNs restricts their ability to handle HOI scenarios with high complexity.HOI recognition requires improved feature extraction methods to overcome the current limitations in accuracy and scalability.This work proposes a Novel quantum gate-enabled hybrid CNN(QEH-CNN)for effectiveHOI recognition.Themodel enhancesCNNperformance by integrating quantumcomputing components.The framework begins with bilateral image filtering,followed bymulti-object tracking(MOT)and Felzenszwalb superpixel segmentation.A watershed algorithm refines object boundaries by cleaning merged superpixels.Feature extraction combines a histogram of oriented gradients(HOG),Global Image Statistics for Texture(GIST)descriptors,and a novel 23-joint keypoint extractionmethod using relative joint angles and joint proximitymeasures.A fuzzy optimization process refines the extracted features before feeding them into the QEH-CNNmodel.The proposed model achieves 95.06%accuracy on the 3D-D3D-HOI dataset and 97.29%on the SYSU3DHOI dataset.Theintegration of quantum computing enhances feature optimization,leading to improved accuracy and overall model efficiency.展开更多
Deep learning has made significant progress in the field of oriented object detection for remote sensing images.However,existing methods still face challenges when dealing with difficult tasks such as multi-scale targ...Deep learning has made significant progress in the field of oriented object detection for remote sensing images.However,existing methods still face challenges when dealing with difficult tasks such as multi-scale targets,complex backgrounds,and small objects in remote sensing.Maintaining model lightweight to address resource constraints in remote sensing scenarios while improving task completion for remote sensing tasks remains a research hotspot.Therefore,we propose an enhanced multi-scale feature extraction lightweight network EM-YOLO based on the YOLOv8s architecture,specifically optimized for the characteristics of large target scale variations,diverse orientations,and numerous small objects in remote sensing images.Our innovations lie in two main aspects:First,a dynamic snake convolution(DSC)is introduced into the backbone network to enhance the model’s feature extraction capability for oriented targets.Second,an innovative focusing-diffusion module is designed in the feature fusion neck to effectively integrate multi-scale feature information.Finally,we introduce Layer-Adaptive Sparsity for magnitude-based Pruning(LASP)method to perform lightweight network pruning to better complete tasks in resource-constrained scenarios.Experimental results on the lightweight platform Orin demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the original YOLOv8s model in oriented remote sensing object detection tasks,and achieves comparable or superior performance to state-of-the-art methods on three authoritative remote sensing datasets(DOTA v1.0,DOTA v1.5,and HRSC2016).展开更多
The ubiquity of mobile devices has driven advancements in mobile object detection.However,challenges in multi-scale object detection in open,complex environments persist due to limited computational resources.Traditio...The ubiquity of mobile devices has driven advancements in mobile object detection.However,challenges in multi-scale object detection in open,complex environments persist due to limited computational resources.Traditional approaches like network compression,quantization,and lightweight design often sacrifice accuracy or feature representation robustness.This article introduces the Fast Multi-scale Channel Shuffling Network(FMCSNet),a novel lightweight detection model optimized for mobile devices.FMCSNet integrates a fully convolutional Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)module,offering global perception without significantly increasing parameters,effectively bridging the gap between CNNs and Vision Transformers.FMCSNet achieves a delicate balance between computation and accuracy mainly by two key modules:the ShiftMLP module,including a shift operation and an MLP module,and a Partial group Convolutional(PGConv)module,reducing computation while enhancing information exchange between channels.With a computational complexity of 1.4G FLOPs and 1.3M parameters,FMCSNet outperforms CNN-based and DWConv-based ShuffleNetv2 by 1%and 4.5%mAP on the Pascal VOC 2007 dataset,respectively.Additionally,FMCSNet achieves a mAP of 30.0(0.5:0.95 IoU threshold)with only 2.5G FLOPs and 2.0M parameters.It achieves 32 FPS on low-performance i5-series CPUs,meeting real-time detection requirements.The versatility of the PGConv module’s adaptability across scenarios further highlights FMCSNet as a promising solution for real-time mobile object detection.展开更多
Small object detection has been a focus of attention since the emergence of deep learning-based object detection.Although classical object detection frameworks have made significant contributions to the development of...Small object detection has been a focus of attention since the emergence of deep learning-based object detection.Although classical object detection frameworks have made significant contributions to the development of object detection,there are still many issues to be resolved in detecting small objects due to the inherent complexity and diversity of real-world visual scenes.In particular,the YOLO(You Only Look Once)series of detection models,renowned for their real-time performance,have undergone numerous adaptations aimed at improving the detection of small targets.In this survey,we summarize the state-of-the-art YOLO-based small object detection methods.This review presents a systematic categorization of YOLO-based approaches for small-object detection,organized into four methodological avenues,namely attention-based feature enhancement,detection-head optimization,loss function,and multi-scale feature fusion strategies.We then examine the principal challenges addressed by each category.Finally,we analyze the performance of thesemethods on public benchmarks and,by comparing current approaches,identify limitations and outline directions for future research.展开更多
In recent years,with the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence,object detection algorithms have made significant strides in accuracy and computational efficiency.Notably,research and applications of Anchor-Free...In recent years,with the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence,object detection algorithms have made significant strides in accuracy and computational efficiency.Notably,research and applications of Anchor-Free models have opened new avenues for real-time target detection in optical remote sensing images(ORSIs).However,in the realmof adversarial attacks,developing adversarial techniques tailored to Anchor-Freemodels remains challenging.Adversarial examples generated based on Anchor-Based models often exhibit poor transferability to these new model architectures.Furthermore,the growing diversity of Anchor-Free models poses additional hurdles to achieving robust transferability of adversarial attacks.This study presents an improved cross-conv-block feature fusion You Only Look Once(YOLO)architecture,meticulously engineered to facilitate the extraction ofmore comprehensive semantic features during the backpropagation process.To address the asymmetry between densely distributed objects in ORSIs and the corresponding detector outputs,a novel dense bounding box attack strategy is proposed.This approach leverages dense target bounding boxes loss in the calculation of adversarial loss functions.Furthermore,by integrating translation-invariant(TI)and momentum-iteration(MI)adversarial methodologies,the proposed framework significantly improves the transferability of adversarial attacks.Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves superior adversarial attack performance,with adversarial transferability rates(ATR)of 67.53%on the NWPU VHR-10 dataset and 90.71%on the HRSC2016 dataset.Compared to ensemble adversarial attack and cascaded adversarial attack approaches,our method generates adversarial examples in an average of 0.64 s,representing an approximately 14.5%improvement in efficiency under equivalent conditions.展开更多
The fasteners employed in the railway tracks are susceptible to defects arising from their intricate composition.Foreign objects are frequently observed on the track bed in an open environment.These two types of defec...The fasteners employed in the railway tracks are susceptible to defects arising from their intricate composition.Foreign objects are frequently observed on the track bed in an open environment.These two types of defects pose potential threats to high-speed trains,thus necessitating timely and accurate track inspection.The majority of extant automatic inspection methods are predicated on the utilization of single visible light data,and the efficacy of the algorithmic processes is influenced by complex environments.Furthermore,due to the single information dimension,the detection accuracy of defects in similar,occluded,and small object categories is low.To address the aforementioned issues,this paper proposes a track defect detectionmethod based on dynamicmulti-modal fusion and challenging object enhanced perception.First,in light of the variances in the representation dimensions ofmultimodal information,this paper proposes a dynamic weighted multi-modal feature fusion module.The fused multi-modal features are assigned weights,and thenmultiplied with the extracted single-modal features atmultiple levels,achieving adaptive adjustment of the response degree of fusion features.Second,a novel stepwise multi-scale convolution feature aggregation module is proposed for challenging objects.The proposed method employs depth separable convolution and cross-scale aggregation operations of different receptive fields to enhance feature extraction and reuse,thereby reducing the degree of progressive loss of effective information.The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in comparison to eight established methods,encompassing both single-modal and multi-modal methods,as evidenced by the extensive findings within the constructed RGBD dataset.展开更多
Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)represent a cornerstone in modern traffic management,leveraging surveillance cameras as primary visual sensors to monitor road conditions.However,the fixed characteristics of pub...Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)represent a cornerstone in modern traffic management,leveraging surveillance cameras as primary visual sensors to monitor road conditions.However,the fixed characteristics of public surveillance cameras,coupled with inherent image resolution limitations,pose significant challenges for Small ObjectDetection(SOD)in traffic surveillance.To address these challenges,this paper proposes Ghost-Attention YOLO(GA-YOLO),a lightweight model derived from YOLOv8 and specifically designed for traffic SOD.To enhance the attention of small targets and critical features,a novel channel-spatial attentionmechanism,termed Small-object Extend Attention(SEA),is introduced.In addition,the original C2fmodule is replaced with a more efficient Cross-Stage Partial(CSP)module,C3k2,to achieve improved feature processing with lower cost.Building upon these designs,a CSP-based Ghost Bottleneck with Attention(CGBA)module is further developed by integrating SEA into C3k2 and is deployed within the FPN–PAN network to strengthen feature extraction and fusion.Compared with similar-scale baseline modelsYOLOv8n andYOLOv11n,GA-YOLOdemonstrates clear performance advantages on theUA-DETRACdataset.Specifically,GA-YOLOachieves over 3%improvements in precision and mAP@50,along with a 5.6%gain inmAP@50-95,while reducing the parameter count by nearly 10%and computational complexity by 0.5 GFLOPS compared with YOLOv8n.In addition,GA-YOLO outperforms YOLOv11n by 8.6%in precision and 3.2%in mAP@50-95.These results indicate that GA-YOLO effectively balances detection accuracy and computational efficiency.Furthermore,additional evaluations across varying occlusion levels and representative detection models indicate the effectiveness and practicality of GA-YOLOfor traffic-oriented SODtasks.展开更多
文摘In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often face challenges with handling high-resolution images and achieving accurate detection against complex backgrounds.To address these issues,this study employs the PatchCore unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm combined with data augmentation techniques to enhance the system’s generalization capability across varying lighting conditions,viewing angles,and object scales.The proposed method is evaluated in a complex industrial detection scenario involving the bogie of an electric multiple unit(EMU).A dataset consisting of complex backgrounds,diverse lighting conditions,and multiple viewing angles is constructed to validate the performance of the detection system in real industrial environments.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)of 0.92 and an average F1 score of 0.85.Combined with data augmentation,the proposed model exhibits improvements in AUROC by 0.06 and F1 score by 0.03,demonstrating enhanced accuracy and robustness for foreign object detection in complex industrial settings.In addition,the effects of key factors on detection performance are systematically analyzed,providing practical guidance for parameter selection in real industrial applications.
文摘To support the process of grasping objects on a tabletop for the blind or robotic arm,it is necessary to address fundamental computer vision tasks,such as detecting,recognizing,and locating objects in space,and determining the position of the grasping information.These results can then be used to guide the visually impaired or to execute grasping tasks with a robotic arm.In this paper,we collected,annotated,and published the benchmark TQUGraspingObject dataset for testing,validation,and evaluation of deep learning(DL)models for detecting,recognizing,and localizing grasping objects in 2D and 3D space,especially 3D point cloud data.Our dataset is collected in a shared room,with common everyday objects placed on the tabletop in jumbled positions by Intel RealSense D435(IR-D435).This dataset includes more than 63k RGB-D pairs and related data such as normalized 3D object point cloud,3D object point cloud segmented,coordinate system normalizationmatrix,3D object point cloud normalized,and hand pose for grasping each object.At the same time,we also conducted experiments on fourDL networks with the best performance:SSD-MobileNetV3,ResNet50-Transformer,ResNet101-Transformer,and YOLOv12.The results present that YOLOv12 has the most suitable results in detecting and recognizing objects in images.All data,annotations,toolkit,source code,point cloud data,and results are publicly available on our project website:https://github.com/HuaTThanhIT2327Tqu/datasetv2.
文摘Augmented reality(AR)is an emerging dynamic technology that effectively supports education across different levels.The increased use of mobile devices has an even greater impact.As the demand for AR applications in education continues to increase,educators actively seek innovative and immersive methods to engage students in learning.However,exploring these possibilities also entails identifying and overcoming existing barriers to optimal educational integration.Concurrently,this surge in demand has prompted the identification of specific barriers,one of which is three-dimensional(3D)modeling.Creating 3D objects for augmented reality education applications can be challenging and time-consuming for the educators.To address this,we have developed a pipeline that creates realistic 3D objects from the two-dimensional(2D)photograph.Applications for augmented and virtual reality can then utilize these created 3D objects.We evaluated the proposed pipeline based on the usability of the 3D object and performance metrics.Quantitatively,with 117 respondents,the co-creation team was surveyed with openended questions to evaluate the precision of the 3D object created by the proposed photogrammetry pipeline.We analyzed the survey data using descriptive-analytical methods and found that the proposed pipeline produces 3D models that are positively accurate when compared to real-world objects,with an average mean score above 8.This study adds new knowledge in creating 3D objects for augmented reality applications by using the photogrammetry technique;finally,it discusses potential problems and future research directions for 3D objects in the education sector.
文摘To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62276204)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.YJSJ24011)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,China(Nos.2022JM-340 and 2023-JC-QN-0710)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020T130494 and 2018M633470)。
文摘Visible and infrared(RGB-IR)fusion object detection plays an important role in security,disaster relief,etc.In recent years,deep-learning-based RGB-IR fusion detection methods have been developing rapidly,but still struggle to deal with the complex and changing scenarios captured by drones,mainly due to two reasons:(A)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to inferior inputs that degrade performance and stability.(B)RGB-IR fusion detectors are susceptible to redundant features that reduce accuracy and efficiency.In this paper,an innovative RGB-IR fusion detection framework based on global-local feature optimization,named GLFDet,is proposed to improve the detection performance and efficiency of drone-captured objects.The key components of GLFDet include a Global Feature Optimization(GFO)module,a Local Feature Optimization(LFO)module and a Channel Separation Fusion(CSF)module.Specifically,GFO calculates the information content of the input image from the frequency domain and optimizes the features holistically.Then,LFO dynamically selects high-value features and filters out low-value features before fusion,which significantly improves the efficiency of fusion.Finally,CSF fuses the RGB and IR features across the corresponding channels,which avoids the rearrangement of the channel relationships and enhances the model stability.Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance on three popular RGB-IR datasets Drone Vehicle,VEDAI,and LLVIP.In addition,GLFDet is more lightweight than other comparable models,making it more appealing to edge devices such as drones.The code is available at https://github.com/lao chen330/GLFDet.
文摘Transorbital craniocerebral injury is a relatively rare type of penetrating head injury that poses a significant threat to the ocular and cerebral structures.^([1])The clinical prognosis of transorbital craniocerebral injury is closely related to the size,shape,speed,nature,and trajectory of the foreign object,as well as the incidence of central nervous system damage and secondary complications.The foreign objects reported to have caused these injuries are categorized into wooden items,metallic items,^([2-8])and other materials,which penetrate the intracranial region via fi ve major pathways,including the orbital roof (OR),superior orbital fissure (SOF),inferior orbital fissure(IOF),optic canal (OC),and sphenoid wing.Herein,we present eight cases of transorbital craniocerebral injury caused by an unusual metallic foreign body.
基金2023 College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program-Provincial and Ministerial Level(Chongqing City):Jiangjiang-A DIY Old Object Transformation Platform Integrating AI Technology(Project No.:S202312608036)。
文摘With the rapid development of technology,artificial intelligence(AI)is increasingly being applied in various fields.In today’s context of resource scarcity,pursuit of sustainable development and resource reuse,the transformation of old objects is particularly important.This article analyzes the current status of old object transformation and the opportunities brought by the internet to old objects and delves into the application of artificial intelligence in old object transformation.The focus is on five aspects:intelligent identification and classification,intelligent evaluation and prediction,automation integration,intelligent design and optimization,and integration of 3D printing technology.Finally,the process of“redesigning an old furniture,such as a wooden desk,through AI technology”is described,including the recycling,identification,detection,design,transformation,and final user feedback of the old wooden desk.This illustrates the unlimited potential of the“AI+old object transformation”approach,advocates for people to strengthen green environmental protection,and drives sustainable development.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.2232024Y-01,LZB2023001)DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275478)AI-Enhanced Research Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.SMEC-AI-DHUY-05)。
文摘Shape prediction of deformable linear objects(DLO)plays critical roles in robotics,medical devices,aerospace,and manufacturing,especially in manipulating objects such as cables,wires,and fibers.Due to the inherent flexibility of DLO and their complex deformation behaviors,such as bending and torsion,it is challenging to predict their dynamic characteristics accurately.Although the traditional physical modeling method can simulate the complex deformation behavior of DLO,the calculation cost is high and it is difficult to meet the demand of real-time prediction.In addition,the scarcity of data resources also limits the prediction accuracy of existing models.To solve these problems,a method of fiber shape prediction based on a physical information graph neural network(PIGNN)is proposed in this paper.This method cleverly combines the powerful expressive power of graph neural networks with the strict constraints of physical laws.Specifically,we learn the initial deformation model of the fiber through graph neural networks(GNN)to provide a good initial estimate for the model,which helps alleviate the problem of data resource scarcity.During the training process,we incorporate the physical prior knowledge of the dynamic deformation of the fiber optics into the loss function as a constraint,which is then fed back to the network model.This ensures that the shape of the fiber optics gradually approaches the true target shape,effectively solving the complex nonlinear behavior prediction problem of deformable linear objects.Experimental results demonstrate that,compared to traditional methods,the proposed method significantly reduces execution time and prediction error when handling the complex deformations of deformable fibers.This showcases its potential application value and superiority in fiber manipulation.
文摘The increasing prevalence of violent incidents in public spaces has created an urgent need for intelligent surveillance systems capable of detecting dangerous objects in real time.While traditional video surveillance relies on human monitoring,this approach suffers from limitations such as fatigue and delayed response times.This study addresses these challenges by developing an automated detection system using advanced deep learning techniques to enhance public safety.Our approach leverages state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks(CNNs),specifically You Only Look Once version 4(YOLOv4)and EfficientDet,for real-time object detection.The system was trained on a comprehensive dataset of over 50,000 images,enhanced through data augmentation techniques to improve robustness across varying lighting conditions and viewing angles.Cloud-based deployment on Amazon Web Services(AWS)ensured scalability and efficient processing.Experimental evaluations demonstrated high performance,with YOLOv4 achieving 92%accuracy and processing images in 0.45 s,while EfficientDet reached 93%accuracy with a slightly longer processing time of 0.55 s per image.Field tests in high-traffic environments such as train stations and shopping malls confirmed the system’s reliability,with a false alarm rate of only 4.5%.The integration of automatic alerts enabled rapid security responses to potential threats.The proposed CNN-based system provides an effective solution for real-time detection of dangerous objects in video surveillance,significantly improving response times and public safety.While YOLOv4 proved more suitable for speed-critical applications,EfficientDet offered marginally better accuracy.Future work will focus on optimizing the system for low-light conditions and further reducing false positives.This research contributes to the advancement of AI-driven surveillance technologies,offering a scalable framework adaptable to various security scenarios.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62005049 and 62072110)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2020J01451).
文摘Accurate segmentation of camouflage objects in aerial imagery is vital for improving the efficiency of UAV-based reconnaissance and rescue missions.However,camouflage object segmentation is increasingly challenging due to advances in both camouflage materials and biological mimicry.Although multispectral-RGB based technology shows promise,conventional dual-aperture multispectral-RGB imaging systems are constrained by imprecise and time-consuming registration and fusion across different modalities,limiting their performance.Here,we propose the Reconstructed Multispectral-RGB Fusion Network(RMRF-Net),which reconstructs RGB images into multispectral ones,enabling efficient multimodal segmentation using only an RGB camera.Specifically,RMRF-Net employs a divergentsimilarity feature correction strategy to minimize reconstruction errors and includes an efficient boundary-aware decoder to enhance object contours.Notably,we establish the first real-world aerial multispectral-RGB semantic segmentation of camouflage objects dataset,including 11 object categories.Experimental results demonstrate that RMRF-Net outperforms existing methods,achieving 17.38 FPS on the NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin,with only a 0.96%drop in mIoU compared to the RTX 3090,showing its practical applicability in multimodal remote sensing.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52025084 and 52408420)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.8244058).
文摘Most image-based object detection methods employ horizontal bounding boxes(HBBs)to capture objects in tunnel images.However,these bounding boxes often fail to effectively enclose objects oriented in arbitrary directions,resulting in reduced accuracy and suboptimal detection performance.Moreover,HBBs cannot provide directional information for rotated objects.This study proposes a rotated detection method for identifying apparent defects in shield tunnels.Specifically,the oriented region-convolutional neural network(oriented R-CNN)is utilized to detect rotated objects in tunnel images.To enhance feature extraction,a novel hybrid backbone combining CNN-based networks with Swin Transformers is proposed.A feature fusion strategy is employed to integrate features extracted from both networks.Additionally,a neck network based on the bidirectional-feature pyramid network(Bi-FPN)is designed to combine multi-scale object features.The bolt hole dataset is curated to evaluate the efficacyof the proposed method.In addition,a dedicated pre-processing approach is developed for large-sized images to accommodate the rotated,dense,and small-scale characteristics of objects in tunnel images.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a more than 4%improvement in mAP_(50-95)compared to other rotated detectors and a 6.6%-12.7%improvement over mainstream horizontal detectors.Furthermore,the proposed method outperforms mainstream methods by 6.5%-14.7%in detecting leakage bolt holes,underscoring its significant engineering applicability.
基金funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R410),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Human object detection and recognition is essential for elderly monitoring and assisted living however,models relying solely on pose or scene context often struggle in cluttered or visually ambiguous settings.To address this,we present SCENET-3D,a transformer-drivenmultimodal framework that unifies human-centric skeleton features with scene-object semantics for intelligent robotic vision through a three-stage pipeline.In the first stage,scene analysis,rich geometric and texture descriptors are extracted from RGB frames,including surface-normal histograms,angles between neighboring normals,Zernike moments,directional standard deviation,and Gabor-filter responses.In the second stage,scene-object analysis,non-human objects are segmented and represented using local feature descriptors and complementary surface-normal information.In the third stage,human-pose estimation,silhouettes are processed through an enhanced MoveNet to obtain 2D anatomical keypoints,which are fused with depth information and converted into RGB-based point clouds to construct pseudo-3D skeletons.Features from all three stages are fused and fed in a transformer encoder with multi-head attention to resolve visually similar activities.Experiments on UCLA(95.8%),ETRI-Activity3D(89.4%),andCAD-120(91.2%)demonstrate that combining pseudo-3D skeletonswith rich scene-object fusion significantly improves generalizable activity recognition,enabling safer elderly care,natural human–robot interaction,and robust context-aware robotic perception in real-world environments.
文摘The multi-objective optimization problems,especially in constrained environments such as power distribution planning,demand robust strategies for discovering effective solutions.This work presents the improved variant of the Multi-population Cooperative Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization(MCCMO)Algorithm,termed Adaptive Diversity Preservation(ADP).This enhancement is primarily focused on the improvement of constraint handling strategies,local search integration,hybrid selection approaches,and adaptive parameter control.Theimproved variant was experimented on with the RWMOP50 power distribution systemplanning benchmark.As per the findings,the improved variant outperformed the original MCCMO across the eleven performance metrics,particularly in terms of convergence speed,constraint handling efficiency,and solution diversity.The results also establish that MCCMOADP consistently delivers substantial performance gains over the baseline MCCMO,demonstrating its effectiveness across performancemetrics.The new variant also excels atmaintaining the balanced trade-off between exploration and exploitation throughout the search process,making it especially suitable for complex optimization problems in multiconstrained power systems.These enhancements make MCCMO-ADP a valuable and promising candidate for handling problems such as renewable energy scheduling,logistics planning,and power system optimization.Future work will benchmark the MCCMO-ADP against widely recognized algorithms such as NSGA-Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅲ,and MOEA/D and will also extend its validation to large-scale real-world optimization domains to further consolidate its generalizability.
基金supported and funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R410),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Recognising human-object interactions(HOI)is a challenging task for traditional machine learning models,including convolutional neural networks(CNNs).Existing models show limited transferability across complex datasets such as D3D-HOI and SYSU 3D HOI.The conventional architecture of CNNs restricts their ability to handle HOI scenarios with high complexity.HOI recognition requires improved feature extraction methods to overcome the current limitations in accuracy and scalability.This work proposes a Novel quantum gate-enabled hybrid CNN(QEH-CNN)for effectiveHOI recognition.Themodel enhancesCNNperformance by integrating quantumcomputing components.The framework begins with bilateral image filtering,followed bymulti-object tracking(MOT)and Felzenszwalb superpixel segmentation.A watershed algorithm refines object boundaries by cleaning merged superpixels.Feature extraction combines a histogram of oriented gradients(HOG),Global Image Statistics for Texture(GIST)descriptors,and a novel 23-joint keypoint extractionmethod using relative joint angles and joint proximitymeasures.A fuzzy optimization process refines the extracted features before feeding them into the QEH-CNNmodel.The proposed model achieves 95.06%accuracy on the 3D-D3D-HOI dataset and 97.29%on the SYSU3DHOI dataset.Theintegration of quantum computing enhances feature optimization,leading to improved accuracy and overall model efficiency.
基金funded by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund under Grant ZDYF2024GXJS292.
文摘Deep learning has made significant progress in the field of oriented object detection for remote sensing images.However,existing methods still face challenges when dealing with difficult tasks such as multi-scale targets,complex backgrounds,and small objects in remote sensing.Maintaining model lightweight to address resource constraints in remote sensing scenarios while improving task completion for remote sensing tasks remains a research hotspot.Therefore,we propose an enhanced multi-scale feature extraction lightweight network EM-YOLO based on the YOLOv8s architecture,specifically optimized for the characteristics of large target scale variations,diverse orientations,and numerous small objects in remote sensing images.Our innovations lie in two main aspects:First,a dynamic snake convolution(DSC)is introduced into the backbone network to enhance the model’s feature extraction capability for oriented targets.Second,an innovative focusing-diffusion module is designed in the feature fusion neck to effectively integrate multi-scale feature information.Finally,we introduce Layer-Adaptive Sparsity for magnitude-based Pruning(LASP)method to perform lightweight network pruning to better complete tasks in resource-constrained scenarios.Experimental results on the lightweight platform Orin demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the original YOLOv8s model in oriented remote sensing object detection tasks,and achieves comparable or superior performance to state-of-the-art methods on three authoritative remote sensing datasets(DOTA v1.0,DOTA v1.5,and HRSC2016).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62371187the Open Program of Hunan Intelligent Rehabilitation Robot and Auxiliary Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center under Grant No.2024JS101.
文摘The ubiquity of mobile devices has driven advancements in mobile object detection.However,challenges in multi-scale object detection in open,complex environments persist due to limited computational resources.Traditional approaches like network compression,quantization,and lightweight design often sacrifice accuracy or feature representation robustness.This article introduces the Fast Multi-scale Channel Shuffling Network(FMCSNet),a novel lightweight detection model optimized for mobile devices.FMCSNet integrates a fully convolutional Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)module,offering global perception without significantly increasing parameters,effectively bridging the gap between CNNs and Vision Transformers.FMCSNet achieves a delicate balance between computation and accuracy mainly by two key modules:the ShiftMLP module,including a shift operation and an MLP module,and a Partial group Convolutional(PGConv)module,reducing computation while enhancing information exchange between channels.With a computational complexity of 1.4G FLOPs and 1.3M parameters,FMCSNet outperforms CNN-based and DWConv-based ShuffleNetv2 by 1%and 4.5%mAP on the Pascal VOC 2007 dataset,respectively.Additionally,FMCSNet achieves a mAP of 30.0(0.5:0.95 IoU threshold)with only 2.5G FLOPs and 2.0M parameters.It achieves 32 FPS on low-performance i5-series CPUs,meeting real-time detection requirements.The versatility of the PGConv module’s adaptability across scenarios further highlights FMCSNet as a promising solution for real-time mobile object detection.
基金supported in part by the by Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology under Grant CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX1309.
文摘Small object detection has been a focus of attention since the emergence of deep learning-based object detection.Although classical object detection frameworks have made significant contributions to the development of object detection,there are still many issues to be resolved in detecting small objects due to the inherent complexity and diversity of real-world visual scenes.In particular,the YOLO(You Only Look Once)series of detection models,renowned for their real-time performance,have undergone numerous adaptations aimed at improving the detection of small targets.In this survey,we summarize the state-of-the-art YOLO-based small object detection methods.This review presents a systematic categorization of YOLO-based approaches for small-object detection,organized into four methodological avenues,namely attention-based feature enhancement,detection-head optimization,loss function,and multi-scale feature fusion strategies.We then examine the principal challenges addressed by each category.Finally,we analyze the performance of thesemethods on public benchmarks and,by comparing current approaches,identify limitations and outline directions for future research.
文摘In recent years,with the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence,object detection algorithms have made significant strides in accuracy and computational efficiency.Notably,research and applications of Anchor-Free models have opened new avenues for real-time target detection in optical remote sensing images(ORSIs).However,in the realmof adversarial attacks,developing adversarial techniques tailored to Anchor-Freemodels remains challenging.Adversarial examples generated based on Anchor-Based models often exhibit poor transferability to these new model architectures.Furthermore,the growing diversity of Anchor-Free models poses additional hurdles to achieving robust transferability of adversarial attacks.This study presents an improved cross-conv-block feature fusion You Only Look Once(YOLO)architecture,meticulously engineered to facilitate the extraction ofmore comprehensive semantic features during the backpropagation process.To address the asymmetry between densely distributed objects in ORSIs and the corresponding detector outputs,a novel dense bounding box attack strategy is proposed.This approach leverages dense target bounding boxes loss in the calculation of adversarial loss functions.Furthermore,by integrating translation-invariant(TI)and momentum-iteration(MI)adversarial methodologies,the proposed framework significantly improves the transferability of adversarial attacks.Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves superior adversarial attack performance,with adversarial transferability rates(ATR)of 67.53%on the NWPU VHR-10 dataset and 90.71%on the HRSC2016 dataset.Compared to ensemble adversarial attack and cascaded adversarial attack approaches,our method generates adversarial examples in an average of 0.64 s,representing an approximately 14.5%improvement in efficiency under equivalent conditions.
基金funded by Beijing Natural Science Foundation,grant number L241078.
文摘The fasteners employed in the railway tracks are susceptible to defects arising from their intricate composition.Foreign objects are frequently observed on the track bed in an open environment.These two types of defects pose potential threats to high-speed trains,thus necessitating timely and accurate track inspection.The majority of extant automatic inspection methods are predicated on the utilization of single visible light data,and the efficacy of the algorithmic processes is influenced by complex environments.Furthermore,due to the single information dimension,the detection accuracy of defects in similar,occluded,and small object categories is low.To address the aforementioned issues,this paper proposes a track defect detectionmethod based on dynamicmulti-modal fusion and challenging object enhanced perception.First,in light of the variances in the representation dimensions ofmultimodal information,this paper proposes a dynamic weighted multi-modal feature fusion module.The fused multi-modal features are assigned weights,and thenmultiplied with the extracted single-modal features atmultiple levels,achieving adaptive adjustment of the response degree of fusion features.Second,a novel stepwise multi-scale convolution feature aggregation module is proposed for challenging objects.The proposed method employs depth separable convolution and cross-scale aggregation operations of different receptive fields to enhance feature extraction and reuse,thereby reducing the degree of progressive loss of effective information.The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in comparison to eight established methods,encompassing both single-modal and multi-modal methods,as evidenced by the extensive findings within the constructed RGBD dataset.
文摘Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)represent a cornerstone in modern traffic management,leveraging surveillance cameras as primary visual sensors to monitor road conditions.However,the fixed characteristics of public surveillance cameras,coupled with inherent image resolution limitations,pose significant challenges for Small ObjectDetection(SOD)in traffic surveillance.To address these challenges,this paper proposes Ghost-Attention YOLO(GA-YOLO),a lightweight model derived from YOLOv8 and specifically designed for traffic SOD.To enhance the attention of small targets and critical features,a novel channel-spatial attentionmechanism,termed Small-object Extend Attention(SEA),is introduced.In addition,the original C2fmodule is replaced with a more efficient Cross-Stage Partial(CSP)module,C3k2,to achieve improved feature processing with lower cost.Building upon these designs,a CSP-based Ghost Bottleneck with Attention(CGBA)module is further developed by integrating SEA into C3k2 and is deployed within the FPN–PAN network to strengthen feature extraction and fusion.Compared with similar-scale baseline modelsYOLOv8n andYOLOv11n,GA-YOLOdemonstrates clear performance advantages on theUA-DETRACdataset.Specifically,GA-YOLOachieves over 3%improvements in precision and mAP@50,along with a 5.6%gain inmAP@50-95,while reducing the parameter count by nearly 10%and computational complexity by 0.5 GFLOPS compared with YOLOv8n.In addition,GA-YOLO outperforms YOLOv11n by 8.6%in precision and 3.2%in mAP@50-95.These results indicate that GA-YOLO effectively balances detection accuracy and computational efficiency.Furthermore,additional evaluations across varying occlusion levels and representative detection models indicate the effectiveness and practicality of GA-YOLOfor traffic-oriented SODtasks.
