Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,micro...Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,microdroplet self-removal,and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications.However,developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge.In this paper,a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide(PI)film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed.Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation,the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity(~3.6°)to superhydrophobicity(~151.6°).Furthermore,three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized,including water transport,droplet arrays,and liquid wells.This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.展开更多
Electrochemiluminescence(ECL) is a kind of luminescent phenomenon caused by electrochemical reactions. Based on the advantages of ECL including low background, high sensitivity, strong spatiotemporal controllability a...Electrochemiluminescence(ECL) is a kind of luminescent phenomenon caused by electrochemical reactions. Based on the advantages of ECL including low background, high sensitivity, strong spatiotemporal controllability and simple operation, ECL imaging is able to visualize the ECL process,which can additionally achieve high throughput, fast and visual analysis. With the development of optical imaging technique, ECL imaging at micro-or nanoscale has been successfully applied in immunoassay,cell imaging, biochemical analysis, single-nanoparticle detection and study of mechanisms and kinetics of reactions, which has attracted extensive attention. In this review, the basic principles and apparatus of ECL imaging were briefly introduced at first. Then several latest and representative applications of ECL imaging based on nanomaterials and micro-/nanostructures were overviewed. Finally, the superiorities and challenges in ECL imaging for further development were discussed.展开更多
Porous CuO micro-/nanostructures with clean surface,prepared through Cu_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3) precursor followed by calcination in air,were proven to be an effective peroxidase mimic.They can quickly catalyze oxidation of...Porous CuO micro-/nanostructures with clean surface,prepared through Cu_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3) precursor followed by calcination in air,were proven to be an effective peroxidase mimic.They can quickly catalyze oxidation of the peroxidase substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)in the presence of H_(2)O_(2),producing a blue color.The obtained porous CuO micro-/nanostructure have potential application in wastewater treatment.The apparent steady-state kinetic parameter was studied with TMB as the substrate.In addition,the potential application of the porous CuO in wastewater treatment was demonstrated with phenol-containing water as an example.Such investigation not only confirms the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of micro-/nanostructured CuO,but also suggests its potential application in wastewater treatment.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries provide a most promising alternative to the existing lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity,intrinsic safety,and low cost.However,commercializing aqueous zinc-ion batte...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries provide a most promising alternative to the existing lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity,intrinsic safety,and low cost.However,commercializing aqueous zinc-ion batteries suffer from dendritic growth and side reactions on the surface of metallic zinc,resulting in poor reversibility.To overcome this critical challenge,here,we report a one-step ultrafast laser processing method for fabricating three-dimensional micro-/nanostructures on zinc anodes to optimize zinc nucleation and deposition processes.It is demonstrated that the three-dimensional micro-/nanostructure with increased specific surface area significantly reduces nucleation overpotential,as well as preferentially absorbs zinc ions to prevent dendritic protuberances and corrosion.As a result,the presence of threedimensional micro-/nanostructures on the zinc metal delivers stable zinc plating/stripping beyond 2500 h(2 mA cm-2/1 mAh cm-2)in symmetric cells,a high Coulombic efficiency(99.71%)in half cells,and moreover an improved capacity retention(71.8%)is also observed in full cells.Equally intriguingly,the pouch cell with three-dimensional micro-/nanostructures can operate across various bending states without severely compromising performance.This work provides an effective strategy to construct ultrafine and high-precision three-dimensional micro-/nanostructures achieving highperformance zinc metal anodes and is expected to be of immediate benefit to other metal-based electrodes.展开更多
High-performance aqueous zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(AZIBs)have emerged as one of the greatest favorable candidates for next-generation energy storage systems because of their low cost,sustainability,high safety,and eco-fr...High-performance aqueous zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(AZIBs)have emerged as one of the greatest favorable candidates for next-generation energy storage systems because of their low cost,sustainability,high safety,and eco-friendliness.In this report,we prepared magnesium vanadate(MgVO)-based nanostructures by a facile single-step solvothermal method with varying experimental reaction times(1,3,and 6 h)and investigated the effect of the reaction time on the morphology and layered structure for MgVO-based compounds.The newly prepared MgVO-1 h,MgVO-3 h and MgVO-6 h samples were used as cathode materials for AZIBs.Compared to the MgVO-1 h and MgVO-6 h cathodes,the MgVO-3 h cathode showed a higher specific capacity of 492.74 mA h g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1) over 500 cycles and excellent rate behavior(291.58 mA h g^(-1) at 3.75 A g^(-1))with high cycling stability(116%)over 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Moreover,the MgVO-3 h electrode exhibited good electrochemical performance owing to its fast Zn-ion diffusion kinetics.Additionally,various ex-situ analyses confirmed that the MgVO-3 h cathode displayed excellent insertion/extraction of Zn^(2+)ions during charge and discharge processes.This study offers an efficient method for the synthesis of nanostructured MgVO-based cathode materials for high-performance AZIBs.展开更多
Metallic glass composites hold significant potential as structural materials.However,few methods are available to enhance their mechanical properties postcasting.In this study,simple pre-tensile training was applied t...Metallic glass composites hold significant potential as structural materials.However,few methods are available to enhance their mechanical properties postcasting.In this study,simple pre-tensile training was applied to a TRIP-reinforced metallic glass composite,resulting in a more than one-third increase in plasticity,while the reliability of plasticity was also enhanced.The deformation mechanism was further elucidated,revealing that pre-tension induced the formation of multilayered nanostructures at the dendrite-glass interface.This microstructural evolution facilitates the formation of finer martensite laths within the dendrites and multiple shear bands in the glass matrix during compression,thereby enabling more uniform plastic deformation.These findings suggest that simple preloading treatments may offer a viable approach to regulating the microstructure of as-cast metallic glass composites and optimizing their mechanical properties.展开更多
The ability to control the electrode interfaces in an electrochemical energy storage system is essential for achieving the desired electrochemical performance.However,achieving this ability requires an in-depth unders...The ability to control the electrode interfaces in an electrochemical energy storage system is essential for achieving the desired electrochemical performance.However,achieving this ability requires an in-depth understanding of the detailed interfacial nanostructures of the electrode under electrochemical operating conditions.In-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)is one of the most powerful techniques for revealing electrochemical energy storage mechanisms with high spatiotemporal resolution and high sensitivity in complex electrochemical environments.These attributes play a unique role in understanding how ion transport inside electrode nanomaterials and across interfaces under the dynamic conditions within working batteries.This review aims to gain an in-depth insight into the latest developments of in-situ TEM imaging techniques for probing the interfacial nanostructures of electrochemical energy storage systems,including atomic-scale structural imaging,strain field imaging,electron holography,and integrated differential phase contrast imaging.Significant examples will be described to highlight the fundamental understanding of atomic-scale and nanoscale mechanisms from employing state-of-the-art imaging techniques to visualize structural evolution,ionic valence state changes,and strain mapping,ion transport dynamics.The review concludes by providing a perspective discussion of future directions of the development and application of in-situ TEM techniques in the field of electrochemical energy storage systems.展开更多
The effects of gradient nanostructures induced by supersonic fine particle bombardment(SFPB)on the surface integrity,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of a Ni-W-Co-Ta medium-heavy alloy(MHA)were syst...The effects of gradient nanostructures induced by supersonic fine particle bombardment(SFPB)on the surface integrity,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of a Ni-W-Co-Ta medium-heavy alloy(MHA)were systematically investigated.The results show that gradient nanostructures are formed on the surface of Ni-W-Co-Ta MHA after SFPB treatment.At a gas pressure of 1.0 MPa and an impact time of 60 s,the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy reached the maximum values of 1236 MPa and 758 MPa,respectively,which are 22.5%and 38.8%higher than those of the solid solution treated alloy,and the elongation(46.3%)is close to that of the solid solution treated alloy,achieving the optimal strength–ductility synergy.However,microcracks appear on the surface with excessive gas pressure and impact time,generating the relaxed residual stress and decreased strength.With the increase of the impact time and gas pressure,the depth of the deformation layer and the surface microhardness gradually increase,reaching the maximum values(29μm and HV 451)at 1.0 MPa and 120 s.The surface grain size is refined to a minimum of 11.67 nm.Notably,SFPB treatment has no obvious effect on elongation,and the fracture mode changes from the ductile fracture before treatment to ductile–brittle mixed fracture after treatment.展开更多
Triangular Au-Ag framework nanostructures （TFN） were synthesized via a multi-step galvanic replacement reaction （MGRR） of single-crystalline triangular silver nanoplates in a chlorauric acid （HAuCl4） solution at...Triangular Au-Ag framework nanostructures （TFN） were synthesized via a multi-step galvanic replacement reaction （MGRR） of single-crystalline triangular silver nanoplates in a chlorauric acid （HAuCl4） solution at room temperature. The morphological, compositional, and crystal structural changes involved with reaction steps were analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDX）, and X-ray diffraction. TEM combined with EDX and selected area electron diffraction confirmed the replacement of Ag with Au. The in-plane dipolar surface plasmon resonance （SPR） absorption band of the Ag nanoplates locating initially at around 700 nm gradually redshifted to 1 100 nm via a multi-stage replacement manner after 7 stages. The adding amount of HAuCl4 per stage influenced the average redshift value per stage, thus enabled a fine tuning of the in-plane dipolar band. A proposed formation mechanism of the original Ag nanoplates developing pores while growing Au nanoparticles covering this underlying structure at more reaction steps was confirmed by exploiting surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS）.展开更多
Silicon crystal-facet-dependent nanostructures have been successfully fabricated on a （100）-oriented silicon-oninsulator wafer using electron-beam lithography and the silicon anisotropic wet etching technique. This ...Silicon crystal-facet-dependent nanostructures have been successfully fabricated on a （100）-oriented silicon-oninsulator wafer using electron-beam lithography and the silicon anisotropic wet etching technique. This technique takes advantage of the large difference in etching properties for different crystallographic planes in alkaline solution. The minimum size of the trapezoidal top for those Si nanostructures can be reduced to less than 10nm. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and atomic force microscopy （AFM） observations indicate that the etched nanostructures have controllable shapes and smooth surfaces.展开更多
Ag dendritic nanostructures were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide covered glass sub- strates by the electrodeposition method. Results demonstrate that the size, diameter, crys- tallinity, and branch density of ...Ag dendritic nanostructures were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide covered glass sub- strates by the electrodeposition method. Results demonstrate that the size, diameter, crys- tallinity, and branch density of the Ag dendrites can be controlled by the applied potential, the surfactants and the concentration of AgNO3. Three kinds of typical silver dendrites were applied as substrates of the surface enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） and one of them was able to clearly detect rhodamine 6G concentrations up to 0.1 nmol/L. The differences of the SERS spectra at these Ag dendrites confirmed that the shapes and interparticle spacings have great effect on Raman enhancement, especially the interparticle spacings.展开更多
The fabrication of a new type of one-dimensional Au-Ag porous nanotube（NPT） structure was presented based on a facile combination of nanocrystal growth and surface modification.Ag nanowires with various diameters we...The fabrication of a new type of one-dimensional Au-Ag porous nanotube（NPT） structure was presented based on a facile combination of nanocrystal growth and surface modification.Ag nanowires with various diameters were firstly served as the chemical plating templates via a polyol-process.Then,one-dimensional（1D） Au-Ag porous nanostructures with tailored structural features could be prepared by controlling the individual steps involved in this process,such as nanowire growth,surface modification,thermal diffusion,and dealloying.Structural characterizations reveal these Au-Ag porous nanotubes,non-porous nanotubes and porous nanowires possess novel nano-architectures with multimodal open porosity and excellent structural continuity and integrity,which make them particularly desirable as novel 1D nanocarriers for biomedical,drug delivery and sensing applications.展开更多
TiO2 nanostructures were fabricated by a reaction of Ti foils in H2O2 solution at mild temperature, Porous TiO2 nanostructurcs, well adhered to Ti foil surfaces, were formed at 80 ℃ in 10 rain, and then flower- like ...TiO2 nanostructures were fabricated by a reaction of Ti foils in H2O2 solution at mild temperature, Porous TiO2 nanostructurcs, well adhered to Ti foil surfaces, were formed at 80 ℃ in 10 rain, and then flower- like and rod nanostructures formed in succession after a longer reaction time. Samples prepared at 80 ℃ for 4 h arc amorphous, and anatase-dominated crystal phase emerged in the sample prepared for as long as 10 h. Almost pure anatase phase were obtained in TiO2 nanostructures by annealing the samples at a temperature of 300 ℃. Photoeatalysis of the TiO2 nanostructures was characterized by the degradation of RhB dye molecules in an aqueous solution exposed to ultraviolet light. Results show a 7 cm^2 annealed TiO2 flower-like nanostrueture having the degradation rate of RhB as fast as 29.8 times that of the dye solution exposed to ultraviolet light alone.展开更多
Because of the interesting and multifunctional properties,recently,ZnO nanostructures are considered as excellent material for fabrication of highly sensitive and selective gas sensors.Thus,ZnO nanomaterials are widel...Because of the interesting and multifunctional properties,recently,ZnO nanostructures are considered as excellent material for fabrication of highly sensitive and selective gas sensors.Thus,ZnO nanomaterials are widely used to fabricate efficient gas sensors for the detection of various hazardous and toxic gases.The presented review article is focusing on the recent developments of NO2gas sensors based on ZnO nanomaterials.The review presents the general introduction of some metal oxide nanomaterials for gas sensing application and finally focusing on the structure of ZnO and its gas sensing mechanisms.Basic gas sensing characteristics such as gas response,response time,recovery time,selectivity,detection limit,stability and recyclability,etc are also discussed in this article.Further,the utilization of various ZnO nanomaterials such as nanorods,nanowires,nano-micro flowers,quantum dots,thin films and nanosheets,etc for the fabrication of NO2gas sensors are also presented.Moreover,various factors such as NO2concentrations,annealing temperature,ZnO morphologies and particle sizes,relative humidity,operating temperatures which are affecting the NO2gas sensing properties are discussed in this review.Finally,the review article is concluded and future directions are presented.展开更多
ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures were synthesized by simple and effcient low temperature method. The structure and morphology of the ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） and field emis...ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures were synthesized by simple and effcient low temperature method. The structure and morphology of the ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） and field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM）, which revealed elongated shaped CeO2 nanoparticles with diameters of 40–90 nm distributed on the surface of elongated ZnO nanostructures with diameters of 50–200 nm （edge–centre）. Further the structure of the synthesized ZnO-CeO2 nanostructure was supported by Raman spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. UV-vis absorption spectrum was used to confirm the optical properties of the CeO2 doped ZnO nanostructures. Photo-catalytic activity of CeO2 doped ZnO nanostructure was evaluated by degradation of acridine orange and methylene blue which degraded 84.55% and 48.65% in 170 min, respectively. ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures also showed good sensitivity （0.8331 μA·cm-2·（mol/l）-1） in short response time （10 s） by applying to chemical sensing using ethanol as a target compound by I-V technique. These degradation and chemical sensing properties of ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures are of great importance for the application of ZnO-CeO2 system as a photo-catalyst and chemical sensor.展开更多
The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as ...The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as the building block, were self-assembled into multilayer structures under the action of ethidene diamine, and then grew into uniform peony-like CuO architecture. The novel peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures exhibit a high cycling stability and improved rate capability. The peony-like CuO microJnanostructures electrodes show a high reversible capacity of 456 mAhJg after 200 cycles, much higher than that of the commercial CuO nanocrystals at a current 0.1 C. The excellent electrochemical performance of peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures might be ascribed to the unique assembly structure, which not only provide large electrode/electrolyte contact area to accelerate the lithiation reaction, but also the interval between the multilayer structures of CuO nanoplates electrode could provide enough interior space to accommodate the volume change during Li insertion and de-insertion process,展开更多
Metal organic frameworks(MOFs) represent a class of porous material which is formed by strong bonds between metal ions and organic linkers. By careful selection of constituents, MOFs can exhibit very high surface area...Metal organic frameworks(MOFs) represent a class of porous material which is formed by strong bonds between metal ions and organic linkers. By careful selection of constituents, MOFs can exhibit very high surface area, large pore volume, and excellent chemical stability.Research on synthesis, structures and properties of various MOFs has shown that they are promising materials for many applications, such as energy storage, gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis and sensing. Apart from direct use, MOFs have also been used as support substrates for nanomaterials or as sacrificial templates/precursors for preparation of various functional nanostructures. In this review, we aim to present the most recent development of MOFs as precursors for the preparation of various nanostructures and their potential applications in energy-related devices and processes. Specifically, this present survey intends to push the boundaries and covers the literatures from the year 2013 to early 2017,on supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, electrocatalysts, photocatalyst, gas sensing, water treatment, solar cells, and carbon dioxide capture.Finally, an outlook in terms of future challenges and potential prospects towards industrial applications are also discussed.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting using solar energy has attracted great attention for generation of renewable hydrogen with less carbon footprint, while there are enormous challenges that still remain for imp...Photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting using solar energy has attracted great attention for generation of renewable hydrogen with less carbon footprint, while there are enormous challenges that still remain for improving solar energy water splitting efficiency, due to limited light harvesting, energy loss associated to fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, as well as electrode degradation. This overview focuses on the recent development about catalyst nanomaterials and nanostructures in different PEC water splitting systems. As photoanode, Au nanoparticle-decorated TiO_2 nanowire electrodes exhibited enhanced photoactivity in both the UV and the visible regions due to surface plasmon resonance of Au and showed the largest photocurrent generation of up to 710 nm. Pt/Cd S/CGSe electrodes were developed as photocathode. With the role of p–n heterojunction, the photoelectrode showed high stability and evolved hydrogen continuously for more than 10 days. Further, in the Z-scheme system(Bi_2S_3/TNA as photoanode and Pt/Si PVC as photocathode at the same time), a self-bias(open-circuit voltage Voc= 0.766 V) was formed between two photoelectrodes, which could facilitate photogenerated charge transfers and enhance the photoelectrochemical performance, and which might provide new hints for PEC water splitting. Meanwhile, the existing problems and prospective solutions have also been reviewed.展开更多
The effect of synthesized nanostructures,including graphene oxide,chemically reduced graphene oxide with sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),chemically reduced graphene oxide with polyvinylpyrrolidone,and multi-walled carbon ...The effect of synthesized nanostructures,including graphene oxide,chemically reduced graphene oxide with sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),chemically reduced graphene oxide with polyvinylpyrrolidone,and multi-walled carbon nanotubes,on the kinetics of methane hydrate formation was investigated in this work.The experiments were carried out at a pressure of 4.5 MPa and a temperature of 0 ℃ in a batch reactor.By adding nanostructures,the induction time decreases,and the shortest induction time appeares at certain concentrations of reduced graphene oxide with SDS and graphene oxide,that is,at a concentration of 360 ppm for reduced graphene oxide with SDS and 180 ppm for graphene oxide,with a 98% decrease in induction time compared to that in pure water.Moreover,utilization of carbon nanostructures increases the amount and the rate of methane consumed during the hydrate formation process.Utilization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a concentration of 90 ppm showes the highest amount of methane consumption.The amount of methane consumption increases by 173% in comparison with that in pure water.The addition of carbon nanostructures does not change the storage capacity of methane hydrate in the hydrate formation process,while the percentage of water conversion to hydrate in the presence of carbon nanotubes increases considerably,the greatest value of which occurres at a 90 ppm concentration of carbon nanotubes,that is,a 253% increase in the presence of carbon nanotubes compared to that of pure water.展开更多
One-dimensional （1D） nanomaterials and nanostructures have received much attention due to their potential interest for understanding fundamental physical concepts and for applications in constructing nanoscale elect...One-dimensional （1D） nanomaterials and nanostructures have received much attention due to their potential interest for understanding fundamental physical concepts and for applications in constructing nanoscale electric and optoelectronic devices. Zinc sulfide （ZnS） is an important semiconductor compound of Ⅱ-Ⅵ group, and the synthesis of 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures has been of growing interest owing to their promising application in nanoscale optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the recent progress on 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures, including nanowires, nanowire arrays, nanorods, nanobelts or nanoribbons, nanocables, and hierarchical nanostructures etc. This article begins with a survey of various methods that have been developed for generating 1D nanomaterials and nanostructures, and then mainly focuses on structures, synthesis, characterization, formation mechanisms and optical property tuning, and luminescence mechanisms of 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures. Finally, this review concludes with personal views towards future research on 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures.展开更多
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075557,51805553)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ20067)+1 种基金The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3011)Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,microdroplet self-removal,and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications.However,developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge.In this paper,a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide(PI)film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed.Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation,the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity(~3.6°)to superhydrophobicity(~151.6°).Furthermore,three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized,including water transport,droplet arrays,and liquid wells.This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21575126 and 21874117)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. LZ18B050001)
文摘Electrochemiluminescence(ECL) is a kind of luminescent phenomenon caused by electrochemical reactions. Based on the advantages of ECL including low background, high sensitivity, strong spatiotemporal controllability and simple operation, ECL imaging is able to visualize the ECL process,which can additionally achieve high throughput, fast and visual analysis. With the development of optical imaging technique, ECL imaging at micro-or nanoscale has been successfully applied in immunoassay,cell imaging, biochemical analysis, single-nanoparticle detection and study of mechanisms and kinetics of reactions, which has attracted extensive attention. In this review, the basic principles and apparatus of ECL imaging were briefly introduced at first. Then several latest and representative applications of ECL imaging based on nanomaterials and micro-/nanostructures were overviewed. Finally, the superiorities and challenges in ECL imaging for further development were discussed.
基金The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51203069,51102117,51072071)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2011M500085,2012T50439).
文摘Porous CuO micro-/nanostructures with clean surface,prepared through Cu_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3) precursor followed by calcination in air,were proven to be an effective peroxidase mimic.They can quickly catalyze oxidation of the peroxidase substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)in the presence of H_(2)O_(2),producing a blue color.The obtained porous CuO micro-/nanostructure have potential application in wastewater treatment.The apparent steady-state kinetic parameter was studied with TMB as the substrate.In addition,the potential application of the porous CuO in wastewater treatment was demonstrated with phenol-containing water as an example.Such investigation not only confirms the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of micro-/nanostructured CuO,but also suggests its potential application in wastewater treatment.
基金support of the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2023YFB4605102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105437)+2 种基金Heilongjiang Touyan Team(No.HITTY-20190036)Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.SAST2021-067)National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(Grant RS-2023-00235596,RS-2023-00243788).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries provide a most promising alternative to the existing lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity,intrinsic safety,and low cost.However,commercializing aqueous zinc-ion batteries suffer from dendritic growth and side reactions on the surface of metallic zinc,resulting in poor reversibility.To overcome this critical challenge,here,we report a one-step ultrafast laser processing method for fabricating three-dimensional micro-/nanostructures on zinc anodes to optimize zinc nucleation and deposition processes.It is demonstrated that the three-dimensional micro-/nanostructure with increased specific surface area significantly reduces nucleation overpotential,as well as preferentially absorbs zinc ions to prevent dendritic protuberances and corrosion.As a result,the presence of threedimensional micro-/nanostructures on the zinc metal delivers stable zinc plating/stripping beyond 2500 h(2 mA cm-2/1 mAh cm-2)in symmetric cells,a high Coulombic efficiency(99.71%)in half cells,and moreover an improved capacity retention(71.8%)is also observed in full cells.Equally intriguingly,the pouch cell with three-dimensional micro-/nanostructures can operate across various bending states without severely compromising performance.This work provides an effective strategy to construct ultrafine and high-precision three-dimensional micro-/nanostructures achieving highperformance zinc metal anodes and is expected to be of immediate benefit to other metal-based electrodes.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIP)(No.2018R1A6A1A03025708).
文摘High-performance aqueous zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(AZIBs)have emerged as one of the greatest favorable candidates for next-generation energy storage systems because of their low cost,sustainability,high safety,and eco-friendliness.In this report,we prepared magnesium vanadate(MgVO)-based nanostructures by a facile single-step solvothermal method with varying experimental reaction times(1,3,and 6 h)and investigated the effect of the reaction time on the morphology and layered structure for MgVO-based compounds.The newly prepared MgVO-1 h,MgVO-3 h and MgVO-6 h samples were used as cathode materials for AZIBs.Compared to the MgVO-1 h and MgVO-6 h cathodes,the MgVO-3 h cathode showed a higher specific capacity of 492.74 mA h g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1) over 500 cycles and excellent rate behavior(291.58 mA h g^(-1) at 3.75 A g^(-1))with high cycling stability(116%)over 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Moreover,the MgVO-3 h electrode exhibited good electrochemical performance owing to its fast Zn-ion diffusion kinetics.Additionally,various ex-situ analyses confirmed that the MgVO-3 h cathode displayed excellent insertion/extraction of Zn^(2+)ions during charge and discharge processes.This study offers an efficient method for the synthesis of nanostructured MgVO-based cathode materials for high-performance AZIBs.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2021YFA1600600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271093 and 52074257)+3 种基金the Rare Earth Advanced Materials Technology Innovation Center(No.CXZX-B-2023110011)the Space Application System of China Manned Space Program(No.YYMT1201-EXP08)the special fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province(No.202304051001036)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N2325008)
文摘Metallic glass composites hold significant potential as structural materials.However,few methods are available to enhance their mechanical properties postcasting.In this study,simple pre-tensile training was applied to a TRIP-reinforced metallic glass composite,resulting in a more than one-third increase in plasticity,while the reliability of plasticity was also enhanced.The deformation mechanism was further elucidated,revealing that pre-tension induced the formation of multilayered nanostructures at the dendrite-glass interface.This microstructural evolution facilitates the formation of finer martensite laths within the dendrites and multiple shear bands in the glass matrix during compression,thereby enabling more uniform plastic deformation.These findings suggest that simple preloading treatments may offer a viable approach to regulating the microstructure of as-cast metallic glass composites and optimizing their mechanical properties.
基金supported by the National Key Research Program of China under Grant No.2024YFA1408000the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52231007,12327804,T2321003,22088101)+1 种基金in part by the National Key Research Program of China under Grant 2021YFA1200600the support from the U.S.National Science Foundation(CHE 2102482)。
文摘The ability to control the electrode interfaces in an electrochemical energy storage system is essential for achieving the desired electrochemical performance.However,achieving this ability requires an in-depth understanding of the detailed interfacial nanostructures of the electrode under electrochemical operating conditions.In-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)is one of the most powerful techniques for revealing electrochemical energy storage mechanisms with high spatiotemporal resolution and high sensitivity in complex electrochemical environments.These attributes play a unique role in understanding how ion transport inside electrode nanomaterials and across interfaces under the dynamic conditions within working batteries.This review aims to gain an in-depth insight into the latest developments of in-situ TEM imaging techniques for probing the interfacial nanostructures of electrochemical energy storage systems,including atomic-scale structural imaging,strain field imaging,electron holography,and integrated differential phase contrast imaging.Significant examples will be described to highlight the fundamental understanding of atomic-scale and nanoscale mechanisms from employing state-of-the-art imaging techniques to visualize structural evolution,ionic valence state changes,and strain mapping,ion transport dynamics.The review concludes by providing a perspective discussion of future directions of the development and application of in-situ TEM techniques in the field of electrochemical energy storage systems.
基金supported by the National key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3705200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1804146,51905153,52111530068)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Henan University of Science and Technology,China(No.2015XTD006)the Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province,China(No.221100230200)。
文摘The effects of gradient nanostructures induced by supersonic fine particle bombardment(SFPB)on the surface integrity,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of a Ni-W-Co-Ta medium-heavy alloy(MHA)were systematically investigated.The results show that gradient nanostructures are formed on the surface of Ni-W-Co-Ta MHA after SFPB treatment.At a gas pressure of 1.0 MPa and an impact time of 60 s,the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy reached the maximum values of 1236 MPa and 758 MPa,respectively,which are 22.5%and 38.8%higher than those of the solid solution treated alloy,and the elongation(46.3%)is close to that of the solid solution treated alloy,achieving the optimal strength–ductility synergy.However,microcracks appear on the surface with excessive gas pressure and impact time,generating the relaxed residual stress and decreased strength.With the increase of the impact time and gas pressure,the depth of the deformation layer and the surface microhardness gradually increase,reaching the maximum values(29μm and HV 451)at 1.0 MPa and 120 s.The surface grain size is refined to a minimum of 11.67 nm.Notably,SFPB treatment has no obvious effect on elongation,and the fracture mode changes from the ductile fracture before treatment to ductile–brittle mixed fracture after treatment.
基金Project(10804101)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2007CB815102)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2007B08007)supported by the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics,China
文摘Triangular Au-Ag framework nanostructures （TFN） were synthesized via a multi-step galvanic replacement reaction （MGRR） of single-crystalline triangular silver nanoplates in a chlorauric acid （HAuCl4） solution at room temperature. The morphological, compositional, and crystal structural changes involved with reaction steps were analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDX）, and X-ray diffraction. TEM combined with EDX and selected area electron diffraction confirmed the replacement of Ag with Au. The in-plane dipolar surface plasmon resonance （SPR） absorption band of the Ag nanoplates locating initially at around 700 nm gradually redshifted to 1 100 nm via a multi-stage replacement manner after 7 stages. The adding amount of HAuCl4 per stage influenced the average redshift value per stage, thus enabled a fine tuning of the in-plane dipolar band. A proposed formation mechanism of the original Ag nanoplates developing pores while growing Au nanoparticles covering this underlying structure at more reaction steps was confirmed by exploiting surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS）.
文摘Silicon crystal-facet-dependent nanostructures have been successfully fabricated on a （100）-oriented silicon-oninsulator wafer using electron-beam lithography and the silicon anisotropic wet etching technique. This technique takes advantage of the large difference in etching properties for different crystallographic planes in alkaline solution. The minimum size of the trapezoidal top for those Si nanostructures can be reduced to less than 10nm. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and atomic force microscopy （AFM） observations indicate that the etched nanostructures have controllable shapes and smooth surfaces.
文摘Ag dendritic nanostructures were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide covered glass sub- strates by the electrodeposition method. Results demonstrate that the size, diameter, crys- tallinity, and branch density of the Ag dendrites can be controlled by the applied potential, the surfactants and the concentration of AgNO3. Three kinds of typical silver dendrites were applied as substrates of the surface enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） and one of them was able to clearly detect rhodamine 6G concentrations up to 0.1 nmol/L. The differences of the SERS spectra at these Ag dendrites confirmed that the shapes and interparticle spacings have great effect on Raman enhancement, especially the interparticle spacings.
基金Project (2012CB932800) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject (2012M521330) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘The fabrication of a new type of one-dimensional Au-Ag porous nanotube（NPT） structure was presented based on a facile combination of nanocrystal growth and surface modification.Ag nanowires with various diameters were firstly served as the chemical plating templates via a polyol-process.Then,one-dimensional（1D） Au-Ag porous nanostructures with tailored structural features could be prepared by controlling the individual steps involved in this process,such as nanowire growth,surface modification,thermal diffusion,and dealloying.Structural characterizations reveal these Au-Ag porous nanotubes,non-porous nanotubes and porous nanowires possess novel nano-architectures with multimodal open porosity and excellent structural continuity and integrity,which make them particularly desirable as novel 1D nanocarriers for biomedical,drug delivery and sensing applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10574122 and No.60376008).
文摘TiO2 nanostructures were fabricated by a reaction of Ti foils in H2O2 solution at mild temperature, Porous TiO2 nanostructurcs, well adhered to Ti foil surfaces, were formed at 80 ℃ in 10 rain, and then flower- like and rod nanostructures formed in succession after a longer reaction time. Samples prepared at 80 ℃ for 4 h arc amorphous, and anatase-dominated crystal phase emerged in the sample prepared for as long as 10 h. Almost pure anatase phase were obtained in TiO2 nanostructures by annealing the samples at a temperature of 300 ℃. Photoeatalysis of the TiO2 nanostructures was characterized by the degradation of RhB dye molecules in an aqueous solution exposed to ultraviolet light. Results show a 7 cm^2 annealed TiO2 flower-like nanostrueture having the degradation rate of RhB as fast as 29.8 times that of the dye solution exposed to ultraviolet light alone.
基金supported by NSTIP strategic technologies programs,number(12-NAN2551-02)in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
文摘Because of the interesting and multifunctional properties,recently,ZnO nanostructures are considered as excellent material for fabrication of highly sensitive and selective gas sensors.Thus,ZnO nanomaterials are widely used to fabricate efficient gas sensors for the detection of various hazardous and toxic gases.The presented review article is focusing on the recent developments of NO2gas sensors based on ZnO nanomaterials.The review presents the general introduction of some metal oxide nanomaterials for gas sensing application and finally focusing on the structure of ZnO and its gas sensing mechanisms.Basic gas sensing characteristics such as gas response,response time,recovery time,selectivity,detection limit,stability and recyclability,etc are also discussed in this article.Further,the utilization of various ZnO nanomaterials such as nanorods,nanowires,nano-micro flowers,quantum dots,thin films and nanosheets,etc for the fabrication of NO2gas sensors are also presented.Moreover,various factors such as NO2concentrations,annealing temperature,ZnO morphologies and particle sizes,relative humidity,operating temperatures which are affecting the NO2gas sensing properties are discussed in this review.Finally,the review article is concluded and future directions are presented.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for all financial support
文摘ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures were synthesized by simple and effcient low temperature method. The structure and morphology of the ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） and field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM）, which revealed elongated shaped CeO2 nanoparticles with diameters of 40–90 nm distributed on the surface of elongated ZnO nanostructures with diameters of 50–200 nm （edge–centre）. Further the structure of the synthesized ZnO-CeO2 nanostructure was supported by Raman spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. UV-vis absorption spectrum was used to confirm the optical properties of the CeO2 doped ZnO nanostructures. Photo-catalytic activity of CeO2 doped ZnO nanostructure was evaluated by degradation of acridine orange and methylene blue which degraded 84.55% and 48.65% in 170 min, respectively. ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures also showed good sensitivity （0.8331 μA·cm-2·（mol/l）-1） in short response time （10 s） by applying to chemical sensing using ethanol as a target compound by I-V technique. These degradation and chemical sensing properties of ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures are of great importance for the application of ZnO-CeO2 system as a photo-catalyst and chemical sensor.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0601100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRFBD-16-008A)
文摘The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as the building block, were self-assembled into multilayer structures under the action of ethidene diamine, and then grew into uniform peony-like CuO architecture. The novel peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures exhibit a high cycling stability and improved rate capability. The peony-like CuO microJnanostructures electrodes show a high reversible capacity of 456 mAhJg after 200 cycles, much higher than that of the commercial CuO nanocrystals at a current 0.1 C. The excellent electrochemical performance of peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures might be ascribed to the unique assembly structure, which not only provide large electrode/electrolyte contact area to accelerate the lithiation reaction, but also the interval between the multilayer structures of CuO nanoplates electrode could provide enough interior space to accommodate the volume change during Li insertion and de-insertion process,
基金financial support from Ningbo Municipal Government (Innovation Team 2012882011,3315 Plan,2014A35001-1)the EPSRC (EP/J000582/1,GR/R68078)
文摘Metal organic frameworks(MOFs) represent a class of porous material which is formed by strong bonds between metal ions and organic linkers. By careful selection of constituents, MOFs can exhibit very high surface area, large pore volume, and excellent chemical stability.Research on synthesis, structures and properties of various MOFs has shown that they are promising materials for many applications, such as energy storage, gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis and sensing. Apart from direct use, MOFs have also been used as support substrates for nanomaterials or as sacrificial templates/precursors for preparation of various functional nanostructures. In this review, we aim to present the most recent development of MOFs as precursors for the preparation of various nanostructures and their potential applications in energy-related devices and processes. Specifically, this present survey intends to push the boundaries and covers the literatures from the year 2013 to early 2017,on supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, electrocatalysts, photocatalyst, gas sensing, water treatment, solar cells, and carbon dioxide capture.Finally, an outlook in terms of future challenges and potential prospects towards industrial applications are also discussed.
基金supported by the EU-China EcoFuel project(FP7,246772)from the European Commission
文摘Photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting using solar energy has attracted great attention for generation of renewable hydrogen with less carbon footprint, while there are enormous challenges that still remain for improving solar energy water splitting efficiency, due to limited light harvesting, energy loss associated to fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, as well as electrode degradation. This overview focuses on the recent development about catalyst nanomaterials and nanostructures in different PEC water splitting systems. As photoanode, Au nanoparticle-decorated TiO_2 nanowire electrodes exhibited enhanced photoactivity in both the UV and the visible regions due to surface plasmon resonance of Au and showed the largest photocurrent generation of up to 710 nm. Pt/Cd S/CGSe electrodes were developed as photocathode. With the role of p–n heterojunction, the photoelectrode showed high stability and evolved hydrogen continuously for more than 10 days. Further, in the Z-scheme system(Bi_2S_3/TNA as photoanode and Pt/Si PVC as photocathode at the same time), a self-bias(open-circuit voltage Voc= 0.766 V) was formed between two photoelectrodes, which could facilitate photogenerated charge transfers and enhance the photoelectrochemical performance, and which might provide new hints for PEC water splitting. Meanwhile, the existing problems and prospective solutions have also been reviewed.
文摘The effect of synthesized nanostructures,including graphene oxide,chemically reduced graphene oxide with sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),chemically reduced graphene oxide with polyvinylpyrrolidone,and multi-walled carbon nanotubes,on the kinetics of methane hydrate formation was investigated in this work.The experiments were carried out at a pressure of 4.5 MPa and a temperature of 0 ℃ in a batch reactor.By adding nanostructures,the induction time decreases,and the shortest induction time appeares at certain concentrations of reduced graphene oxide with SDS and graphene oxide,that is,at a concentration of 360 ppm for reduced graphene oxide with SDS and 180 ppm for graphene oxide,with a 98% decrease in induction time compared to that in pure water.Moreover,utilization of carbon nanostructures increases the amount and the rate of methane consumed during the hydrate formation process.Utilization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a concentration of 90 ppm showes the highest amount of methane consumption.The amount of methane consumption increases by 173% in comparison with that in pure water.The addition of carbon nanostructures does not change the storage capacity of methane hydrate in the hydrate formation process,while the percentage of water conversion to hydrate in the presence of carbon nanotubes increases considerably,the greatest value of which occurres at a 90 ppm concentration of carbon nanotubes,that is,a 253% increase in the presence of carbon nanotubes compared to that of pure water.
基金The authors acknowledge the support from the National Major Project of Fundamental Research:Nanomaterials and Nanostructures(Grant No.2005CB623603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10304018,10574131)Special Fund for President Scholarship,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘One-dimensional （1D） nanomaterials and nanostructures have received much attention due to their potential interest for understanding fundamental physical concepts and for applications in constructing nanoscale electric and optoelectronic devices. Zinc sulfide （ZnS） is an important semiconductor compound of Ⅱ-Ⅵ group, and the synthesis of 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures has been of growing interest owing to their promising application in nanoscale optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the recent progress on 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures, including nanowires, nanowire arrays, nanorods, nanobelts or nanoribbons, nanocables, and hierarchical nanostructures etc. This article begins with a survey of various methods that have been developed for generating 1D nanomaterials and nanostructures, and then mainly focuses on structures, synthesis, characterization, formation mechanisms and optical property tuning, and luminescence mechanisms of 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures. Finally, this review concludes with personal views towards future research on 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures.
