MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a group of regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by the degradation or translational inhibition of their target messenger RNAs （mRNAs）. Regulation is accomplis...MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a group of regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by the degradation or translational inhibition of their target messenger RNAs （mRNAs）. Regulation is accomplished when the 22-25 nucleotide miRNAs bind to complementary sequences in the 3＇-untranslated regions （UTR）. One barrier to miRNA research is to find target genes. Although computational target predictions have shed light on important aspects of microRNA target recognition, questions remain concerning the rates of false positives. In addition, we do not completely understand how microRNAs can recognize and regulate their targets. As such, experimental positive predictions and allow for an unbiased stu ap dy proaches are required, which can reflect in vivo processes, eliminating false of microRNA target recognition. In this review, we summarized experimental approaches that have been described for the identification and validation of mRNA targets associated with specific miRNAs.展开更多
背景:激素诱导股骨头坏死的发病机制复杂,涉及血管内皮损伤、骨细胞凋亡、炎症反应和骨代谢紊乱。微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNA)作为基因表达的关键调控因子在激素诱导股骨头坏死中扮演着重要角色。目的:综合分析miRNA在激素诱导股骨头坏死...背景:激素诱导股骨头坏死的发病机制复杂,涉及血管内皮损伤、骨细胞凋亡、炎症反应和骨代谢紊乱。微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNA)作为基因表达的关键调控因子在激素诱导股骨头坏死中扮演着重要角色。目的:综合分析miRNA在激素诱导股骨头坏死病理过程中的作用,评估miRNA作为激素诱导股骨头坏死生物标志物的潜力与治疗策略的最新进展。方法:通过计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI和万方数据库中的相关文献,使用特定的关键词进行筛选,并根据纳入和排除标准选择相关文章。通过阅读标题和摘要或全文,排除与主题相关性差或内容重复的文献,最终筛选出76篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:miRNA通过与目标mRNA的3’非翻译区结合调控基因表达,影响细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和应激反应。特定的miRNA如miR-33-5p、miR-99a、miR-106b-5p、miR-155、miR-146a和miR-21在激素诱导股骨头坏死的血管损伤、炎症反应、骨细胞分化和凋亡中起着核心调控作用;此外,miRNA的表达模式与激素诱导股骨头坏死的发病机制密切相关,显示出作为生物标志物的潜力。尽管miRNA作为生物标志物展现出巨大潜力,但样本量有限和缺乏多人群验证限制了其普适性;此外,miRNA治疗策略的有效性和安全性(包括脱靶效应和递送问题)仍是实现临床应用的主要挑战。展开更多
Recently, the identification of miRNA targets has received much attention. The strategies to determine miRNA targets include bioinformatic prediction and experimental assays. The bioinformatic prediction methods are m...Recently, the identification of miRNA targets has received much attention. The strategies to determine miRNA targets include bioinformatic prediction and experimental assays. The bioinformatic prediction methods are mainly based on the confirmed rules of interaction between miRNAs and their targets, and are carried out by programs, such as miRanda, TargetScan, TargetScanS, RNAhybrid, DIANA-microT, PicTar, RNA22 and FindTar, which follow well-known principles. The experimental assays to find miRNA targets employ immunoprecipitation of AGO proteins to identify interacting mRNAs, or the analysis of mRNA or protein levels to identify genes which can be regulated by miRNAs. The improvement of current bioinformatic and experimental assays and the development of novel assays will enable greater efficiency in the identification of miRNA targets and thus facilitate miRNA research. This paper describes progress in the prediction and identification of miRNA targets.展开更多
Bioinformatic approaches have complemented experimental efforts to inventorize plant miRNA targets. We carried out global computational analysis of rice （Oryza sativa） transcriptome to generate a comprehensive list ...Bioinformatic approaches have complemented experimental efforts to inventorize plant miRNA targets. We carried out global computational analysis of rice （Oryza sativa） transcriptome to generate a comprehensive list of putative miRNA targets. Our predictions （684 unique transcripts） showed that rice miRNAs mediate regulation of diverse functions including transcription （41%）, catalysis （28%）, binding （18%）, and transporter activity （11%）. Among the predicted targets, 61.7% hits were in coding regions and nearly 72% targets had a solitary miRNA hit. The study predicted more than 70 novel targets of 34 miRNAs putatively regulating functions like stress-response, catalysis, and binding. It was observed that more than half （55%） of the targets were conserved between O. sativa indica and O. sativa japonica. Members of 31 miRNA families were found to possess conserved targets between rice and at least one of other grass family members. About 44% of the unique targets were common between two dissimilar miRNA prediction algorithms. Such an extent of cross-species conservation and algorithmic consensus confers confidence in the list of rice miRNA targets predicted in this study.展开更多
To investigate the influence of miRNAs on target gene at transcription levels, we have systematically analyzed the expression profiles by a regression method. The results indicated that the down-regulation level of ta...To investigate the influence of miRNAs on target gene at transcription levels, we have systematically analyzed the expression profiles by a regression method. The results indicated that the down-regulation level of target mRNA is determined by multiple factors including the length and secondary structure of target mRNA, the structural accessibility of the target site and so on. Furthermore, by comparison of different miRNAs, the results indicated that, in animals, all miRNAs regulate their targets in a similar way.展开更多
为阐明microRNA(miRNA)及其靶基因调控植物根系生长发育的分子机制,依据PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网数据库,以“miRNA”、“植物”和“根系”为关键词,检索了1993—2021年发表的相关文献,进行整理和归纳,分析了miRNA及其靶基因对...为阐明microRNA(miRNA)及其靶基因调控植物根系生长发育的分子机制,依据PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网数据库,以“miRNA”、“植物”和“根系”为关键词,检索了1993—2021年发表的相关文献,进行整理和归纳,分析了miRNA及其靶基因对植物根系的调控机理。结果表明:1)根系生长发育是一个复杂且高度有序的生物学过程,众多的miRNA及其靶基因参与调控。2)miRNA通过互补配对的方式对靶基因进行转录切割或翻译抑制,在转录后水平调控根系生长发育相关基因的表达。3)miRNA介导的根系生长发育调控在主根生长、侧根形成、不定根发育、根系形态结构、维管束形态、植物激素诱导、生物和非生物胁迫响应等方面发挥着重要的调控作用。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30570990, 30471059, 31171578)the "863" project (2008AA10Z153)+2 种基金the Key Research Plan of Heilongjiang Province (GA06B103-3)the Innovation Research Group of NEAU (CXT004)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20102325120002)
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a group of regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by the degradation or translational inhibition of their target messenger RNAs （mRNAs）. Regulation is accomplished when the 22-25 nucleotide miRNAs bind to complementary sequences in the 3＇-untranslated regions （UTR）. One barrier to miRNA research is to find target genes. Although computational target predictions have shed light on important aspects of microRNA target recognition, questions remain concerning the rates of false positives. In addition, we do not completely understand how microRNAs can recognize and regulate their targets. As such, experimental positive predictions and allow for an unbiased stu ap dy proaches are required, which can reflect in vivo processes, eliminating false of microRNA target recognition. In this review, we summarized experimental approaches that have been described for the identification and validation of mRNA targets associated with specific miRNAs.
文摘背景:激素诱导股骨头坏死的发病机制复杂,涉及血管内皮损伤、骨细胞凋亡、炎症反应和骨代谢紊乱。微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNA)作为基因表达的关键调控因子在激素诱导股骨头坏死中扮演着重要角色。目的:综合分析miRNA在激素诱导股骨头坏死病理过程中的作用,评估miRNA作为激素诱导股骨头坏死生物标志物的潜力与治疗策略的最新进展。方法:通过计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI和万方数据库中的相关文献,使用特定的关键词进行筛选,并根据纳入和排除标准选择相关文章。通过阅读标题和摘要或全文,排除与主题相关性差或内容重复的文献,最终筛选出76篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:miRNA通过与目标mRNA的3’非翻译区结合调控基因表达,影响细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和应激反应。特定的miRNA如miR-33-5p、miR-99a、miR-106b-5p、miR-155、miR-146a和miR-21在激素诱导股骨头坏死的血管损伤、炎症反应、骨细胞分化和凋亡中起着核心调控作用;此外,miRNA的表达模式与激素诱导股骨头坏死的发病机制密切相关,显示出作为生物标志物的潜力。尽管miRNA作为生物标志物展现出巨大潜力,但样本量有限和缺乏多人群验证限制了其普适性;此外,miRNA治疗策略的有效性和安全性(包括脱靶效应和递送问题)仍是实现临床应用的主要挑战。
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB724600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30600110)
文摘Recently, the identification of miRNA targets has received much attention. The strategies to determine miRNA targets include bioinformatic prediction and experimental assays. The bioinformatic prediction methods are mainly based on the confirmed rules of interaction between miRNAs and their targets, and are carried out by programs, such as miRanda, TargetScan, TargetScanS, RNAhybrid, DIANA-microT, PicTar, RNA22 and FindTar, which follow well-known principles. The experimental assays to find miRNA targets employ immunoprecipitation of AGO proteins to identify interacting mRNAs, or the analysis of mRNA or protein levels to identify genes which can be regulated by miRNAs. The improvement of current bioinformatic and experimental assays and the development of novel assays will enable greater efficiency in the identification of miRNA targets and thus facilitate miRNA research. This paper describes progress in the prediction and identification of miRNA targets.
文摘Bioinformatic approaches have complemented experimental efforts to inventorize plant miRNA targets. We carried out global computational analysis of rice （Oryza sativa） transcriptome to generate a comprehensive list of putative miRNA targets. Our predictions （684 unique transcripts） showed that rice miRNAs mediate regulation of diverse functions including transcription （41%）, catalysis （28%）, binding （18%）, and transporter activity （11%）. Among the predicted targets, 61.7% hits were in coding regions and nearly 72% targets had a solitary miRNA hit. The study predicted more than 70 novel targets of 34 miRNAs putatively regulating functions like stress-response, catalysis, and binding. It was observed that more than half （55%） of the targets were conserved between O. sativa indica and O. sativa japonica. Members of 31 miRNA families were found to possess conserved targets between rice and at least one of other grass family members. About 44% of the unique targets were common between two dissimilar miRNA prediction algorithms. Such an extent of cross-species conservation and algorithmic consensus confers confidence in the list of rice miRNA targets predicted in this study.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK2010500)
文摘To investigate the influence of miRNAs on target gene at transcription levels, we have systematically analyzed the expression profiles by a regression method. The results indicated that the down-regulation level of target mRNA is determined by multiple factors including the length and secondary structure of target mRNA, the structural accessibility of the target site and so on. Furthermore, by comparison of different miRNAs, the results indicated that, in animals, all miRNAs regulate their targets in a similar way.
文摘为阐明microRNA(miRNA)及其靶基因调控植物根系生长发育的分子机制,依据PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网数据库,以“miRNA”、“植物”和“根系”为关键词,检索了1993—2021年发表的相关文献,进行整理和归纳,分析了miRNA及其靶基因对植物根系的调控机理。结果表明:1)根系生长发育是一个复杂且高度有序的生物学过程,众多的miRNA及其靶基因参与调控。2)miRNA通过互补配对的方式对靶基因进行转录切割或翻译抑制,在转录后水平调控根系生长发育相关基因的表达。3)miRNA介导的根系生长发育调控在主根生长、侧根形成、不定根发育、根系形态结构、维管束形态、植物激素诱导、生物和非生物胁迫响应等方面发挥着重要的调控作用。
