microRNAs(miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs(siRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) that trigger RNA interference(RNAi) in eukaryotic organisms. The biogenesis pathways for these ncRNAs are well established in Dros...microRNAs(miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs(siRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) that trigger RNA interference(RNAi) in eukaryotic organisms. The biogenesis pathways for these ncRNAs are well established in Drosophila melanogaster, Aedes aegypti, Bombyx mori and other insects, but lacking in hymenopteran species, particularly in parasitoid wasps. Pteromalus puparum is a parasitoid of pupal butterflies. This study identified and analyzed two pathways by interrogating the P. puparum genome. All core genes of the two pathways are present in the genome as a single copy, except for two genes in the siRNA pathway, R2D2(two copies) and Argonaute-2(three). Conserved domain analyses showed the protein structures in P. puparum were similar to cognate proteins in other insect species. Phylogenetic analyses of hymenopteran Dicer and Argonaute genes suggested that the siRNA pathway-related genes evolved faster than those in the miRNA pathway. The study found a decelerated evolution rate of P. puparum Dicer-2 with respect to Dicer-1, which was contrary to other hymenopterans. Expression analyses revealed high mRNA levels for all miRNA pathway genes in P. puparum adults and the siRNA related genes were expressed in different patterns. The findings add valuable new knowledge of the miRNA and siRNA pathways and their regulatory actions in parasitoid wasps.展开更多
Objective To summarize the recent findings of dysregulation of signaling pathways and miRNAs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia （CLL）. Data sources We searched PubMed database with the keywords ＂chronic lymphocytic le...Objective To summarize the recent findings of dysregulation of signaling pathways and miRNAs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia （CLL）. Data sources We searched PubMed database with the keywords ＂chronic lymphocytic leukemia＂, ＂signal pathway＂, or ＂miRNA＂ for relevant articles in recent years.展开更多
Hemiptera is one of the most significant orders of insect pests,including whiteflies,true bugs,aphids,planthoppers,psyllids,and so forth,which have led to substantial economic losses in agricultural industries and hav...Hemiptera is one of the most significant orders of insect pests,including whiteflies,true bugs,aphids,planthoppers,psyllids,and so forth,which have led to substantial economic losses in agricultural industries and have significantly affected food yields through their ability to suck the phloem sap of crops and transmit numerous bacterial and viral pathogens.Therefore,explorations of pest-specific,eco-friendly and easy-to-adopt technologies for hemipteran pest control are urgently needed.To the best of our knowledge,microRNAs(miRNAs),which are endogenous non-coding small RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length,are involved in regulating gene expression via the direct recognition and binding of the 3′-untranslated region(3′-UTR)of target messenger RNAs(mRNAs)or by acting as a center of a competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA)network at the post-transcriptional level.This review systematically outlines the characterization and functional investigation of the miRNA biogenesis pathway in hemipteran pests,such as whiteflies,true bugs,aphids and planthoppers.In addition,we explored the results of small RNA sequencing and functional observations of miRNAs in these pests,and the results suggest that the numerous miRNAs obtained and annotated via high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatic analyses contribute to molting development,fitness,wing polyphenism,symbiont interactions and insecticide resistance in hemipteran pests.Finally,we summarize current advances and propose a framework for future research to extend the current data and address potential limitations in the investigation and application of hemipteran miRNAs.展开更多
基金funded by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830074)the Program for Chinese Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Scientific Research of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Chinathe Program for Chinese Innovation Team in Key Areas of Science and Technology(2016RA4008)。
文摘microRNAs(miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs(siRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) that trigger RNA interference(RNAi) in eukaryotic organisms. The biogenesis pathways for these ncRNAs are well established in Drosophila melanogaster, Aedes aegypti, Bombyx mori and other insects, but lacking in hymenopteran species, particularly in parasitoid wasps. Pteromalus puparum is a parasitoid of pupal butterflies. This study identified and analyzed two pathways by interrogating the P. puparum genome. All core genes of the two pathways are present in the genome as a single copy, except for two genes in the siRNA pathway, R2D2(two copies) and Argonaute-2(three). Conserved domain analyses showed the protein structures in P. puparum were similar to cognate proteins in other insect species. Phylogenetic analyses of hymenopteran Dicer and Argonaute genes suggested that the siRNA pathway-related genes evolved faster than those in the miRNA pathway. The study found a decelerated evolution rate of P. puparum Dicer-2 with respect to Dicer-1, which was contrary to other hymenopterans. Expression analyses revealed high mRNA levels for all miRNA pathway genes in P. puparum adults and the siRNA related genes were expressed in different patterns. The findings add valuable new knowledge of the miRNA and siRNA pathways and their regulatory actions in parasitoid wasps.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation （No. 81270598）, Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China （No. Y2007C053, No. ZR2009CM059）, and the Scientific ＆Technological Project of Shandong Province, China （No. 2007GG 10002008）.
文摘Objective To summarize the recent findings of dysregulation of signaling pathways and miRNAs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia （CLL）. Data sources We searched PubMed database with the keywords ＂chronic lymphocytic leukemia＂, ＂signal pathway＂, or ＂miRNA＂ for relevant articles in recent years.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130014)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(63213120)。
文摘Hemiptera is one of the most significant orders of insect pests,including whiteflies,true bugs,aphids,planthoppers,psyllids,and so forth,which have led to substantial economic losses in agricultural industries and have significantly affected food yields through their ability to suck the phloem sap of crops and transmit numerous bacterial and viral pathogens.Therefore,explorations of pest-specific,eco-friendly and easy-to-adopt technologies for hemipteran pest control are urgently needed.To the best of our knowledge,microRNAs(miRNAs),which are endogenous non-coding small RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length,are involved in regulating gene expression via the direct recognition and binding of the 3′-untranslated region(3′-UTR)of target messenger RNAs(mRNAs)or by acting as a center of a competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA)network at the post-transcriptional level.This review systematically outlines the characterization and functional investigation of the miRNA biogenesis pathway in hemipteran pests,such as whiteflies,true bugs,aphids and planthoppers.In addition,we explored the results of small RNA sequencing and functional observations of miRNAs in these pests,and the results suggest that the numerous miRNAs obtained and annotated via high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatic analyses contribute to molting development,fitness,wing polyphenism,symbiont interactions and insecticide resistance in hemipteran pests.Finally,we summarize current advances and propose a framework for future research to extend the current data and address potential limitations in the investigation and application of hemipteran miRNAs.
