Plants mount induced resistance and adult-plant resistance against different pathogens throughout the whole growth period.Rice production faces threats from multiple major diseases,including rice blast,sheath blight,a...Plants mount induced resistance and adult-plant resistance against different pathogens throughout the whole growth period.Rice production faces threats from multiple major diseases,including rice blast,sheath blight,and bacterial leaf blight.Here,we report that the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module regulates both induced and adult-plant resistance to these three major diseases via lignification in rice.Mechanistically,pathogen infections induce the expression of miR172a,which downregulates the transcription factor SNB to release its suppression of MYB30,leading to an increase in lignin biosynthesis and disease resistance throughout the whole growth period.Moreover,expression levels of miR172a and MYB30 gradually increase and are consistently correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance during rice development,reaching a peak at full maturity,whereas SNB RNA levels are negatively correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance,indicating the involvement of the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module in adult-plant resistance.The functional domain of SNB protein and its binding sites in the MYB30 promoter are highly conserved among more than 4000 rice accessions,while abnormal expression of miR172a,SNB,or MYB30 compromises yield traits,suggesting artificial selection of the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module during rice domestication.Taken together,these results reveal a novel role for a conserved miRNA-regulated module that contributes significantly to induced and adult-plant resistance against multiple pathogens by increasing lignin accumulation,deepening our understanding of broad-spectrum resistance and adult-plant resistance.展开更多
Soybean(Glycine max)provides vegetable oils and proteins for human consumption.Its production depends on seeds and other productionrelated agronomic traits.How the seed traits are regulated in soybean remains largely ...Soybean(Glycine max)provides vegetable oils and proteins for human consumption.Its production depends on seeds and other productionrelated agronomic traits.How the seed traits are regulated in soybean remains largely unclear.In this study,we identified a miR172a-ERF416/413module for the regulation of seed traits.The miR172a can cleave the targets ERF416 and ERF413 to affect the downstream gene expression for the reduction of soybean seed size and weight.Both the MIR172a-overexpressing transgenic soybean plants and the erf416/413mutants produced smaller seeds than the control.Consistently,the ERF416-overexpressing transgenic soybean plants generated larger seeds.ERF416 and ERF413 were directly targeted to the promoter of Gm KIX8-1 and Gm SWEET10a to regulate their gene expression for seed size/weight control.Interestingly,the erf416/413mutants showed higher seed yield per plant and higher total seed fatty acid(FA)content,whereas the MIR172a-transgenic soybean had lower total seed FA content compared with the control cultivar,suggesting that mi R172a and ERF416/413 may function in FA accumulation through different pathways.Haplotypes of the ERF416 promoter region were further analyzed and Hap1 was correlated with higher gene expression and higher seed weight,while Hap3 was correlated with higher total seed lipid content.Our study revealed a new module for seed trait control.Manipulation of such alleles should facilitate breeding for high-oil and high-yield soybean cultivars.展开更多
Maize(Zea mays L.)is a monoecious grass species with separate male and female inflorescences which form the tassel and ear,respectively.The mature ear inflorescences usually bear hundreds of grains,so they directly in...Maize(Zea mays L.)is a monoecious grass species with separate male and female inflorescences which form the tassel and ear,respectively.The mature ear inflorescences usually bear hundreds of grains,so they directly influence maize grain production and yield.Here,we isolated a recessive maize mutant,tasselseed2016(ts2016),which exhibits pleiotropic inflorescence defects and reduced grain yield.These defects include the loss of determinacy and identity in meristems and floral organs,as well as a lack of the lower floret abortion in maize ear,and a smaller grain size.Using map-based cloning and allelic testing,we identified and confirmed the microRNA gene MIR172e as the target gene controlling these related traits.Furthermore,our evidence uncovered a new potential miR172e/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING197(EREB197)regulatory module which controls lower floret abortion in maize ear.Transcriptome analysis revealed that the mutation of MIR172e represses multiple biological processes,particularly the flower development and hormone-related pathways in maize ear.We also found that a mutation in the DNA sequence of MIR172e affects RNA transcription,resulting in elongation blockage at the mutant site.Our results reveal the function and molecular mechanism of MIR172e in maize inflorescences and grain yield,and this study deepens our knowledge of maize inflorescence development.展开更多
Spike architecture is an indicative trait of grain yield in common wheat(Triticum aestivum).A segregating population was generated for mapping genes contributing to spike morphometric traits by crossing the two common...Spike architecture is an indicative trait of grain yield in common wheat(Triticum aestivum).A segregating population was generated for mapping genes contributing to spike morphometric traits by crossing the two common wheat cultivars'CItr 17600'with branching spikes and'Yangmai 18'with normal spikes.A major quantitative trait locus for spike length was mapped to the Q5A region of chromosome 5A.Yangmai18 carried a Q5Ab allele for short spikes,which harbored one SNP in the last intron,and a 1-bp InDel in the 720-bp fragment from the start codon,compared to Q5Aa in Chinese Spring.CItr 17600 harbored a q5Ab allele for long spikes,which has a 6-bp deletion compared to the reported q5Aa allele that was involved in the binding site of microRNA 172(miR172).This 6-bp deletion in immediately upstream of this binding site was involved in changes of four amino acids.The natural q5A allele appeared to be rare in common wheat but frequent in tetraploid T.turgidum accessions with branching spikes.The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to edit the upstream region involving in the miR172 binding site in Yangmai 18 and identified two independent editing events,one with a 1-bp insertion in Q5A and the other with a 2-bp deletion in Q5D,resulting in several shapes of spikes in the transgenic progeny.In addition to the effects of natural q5A allele and the edited Q5A genes,this study indicated the regeneratability and transformability of Yangmai 18 as an elite cultivar.Altogether,this study provides insight into future modification and engineering of spike architecture in common wheat.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.32121003,32401845,32372553,and 32172417)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022JDTD0023 and 2022NSFSC0174)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China(SKLZD202202,SKL-ZY202202,SKL-ZY202205,and SKL-ZY202209).
文摘Plants mount induced resistance and adult-plant resistance against different pathogens throughout the whole growth period.Rice production faces threats from multiple major diseases,including rice blast,sheath blight,and bacterial leaf blight.Here,we report that the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module regulates both induced and adult-plant resistance to these three major diseases via lignification in rice.Mechanistically,pathogen infections induce the expression of miR172a,which downregulates the transcription factor SNB to release its suppression of MYB30,leading to an increase in lignin biosynthesis and disease resistance throughout the whole growth period.Moreover,expression levels of miR172a and MYB30 gradually increase and are consistently correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance during rice development,reaching a peak at full maturity,whereas SNB RNA levels are negatively correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance,indicating the involvement of the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module in adult-plant resistance.The functional domain of SNB protein and its binding sites in the MYB30 promoter are highly conserved among more than 4000 rice accessions,while abnormal expression of miR172a,SNB,or MYB30 compromises yield traits,suggesting artificial selection of the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module during rice domestication.Taken together,these results reveal a novel role for a conserved miRNA-regulated module that contributes significantly to induced and adult-plant resistance against multiple pathogens by increasing lignin accumulation,deepening our understanding of broad-spectrum resistance and adult-plant resistance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32090062,32090063,32171930)the National Key R&D Program(2021YFF1000104,2023YFD1200602)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04078)。
文摘Soybean(Glycine max)provides vegetable oils and proteins for human consumption.Its production depends on seeds and other productionrelated agronomic traits.How the seed traits are regulated in soybean remains largely unclear.In this study,we identified a miR172a-ERF416/413module for the regulation of seed traits.The miR172a can cleave the targets ERF416 and ERF413 to affect the downstream gene expression for the reduction of soybean seed size and weight.Both the MIR172a-overexpressing transgenic soybean plants and the erf416/413mutants produced smaller seeds than the control.Consistently,the ERF416-overexpressing transgenic soybean plants generated larger seeds.ERF416 and ERF413 were directly targeted to the promoter of Gm KIX8-1 and Gm SWEET10a to regulate their gene expression for seed size/weight control.Interestingly,the erf416/413mutants showed higher seed yield per plant and higher total seed fatty acid(FA)content,whereas the MIR172a-transgenic soybean had lower total seed FA content compared with the control cultivar,suggesting that mi R172a and ERF416/413 may function in FA accumulation through different pathways.Haplotypes of the ERF416 promoter region were further analyzed and Hap1 was correlated with higher gene expression and higher seed weight,while Hap3 was correlated with higher total seed lipid content.Our study revealed a new module for seed trait control.Manipulation of such alleles should facilitate breeding for high-oil and high-yield soybean cultivars.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(232300421260)the Tackling Key Problems in Science and Technology of Henan Province,China(222102110465,to LZ and 232102111097,to YS)the Open Project Program(SKL-KF202214)。
文摘Maize(Zea mays L.)is a monoecious grass species with separate male and female inflorescences which form the tassel and ear,respectively.The mature ear inflorescences usually bear hundreds of grains,so they directly influence maize grain production and yield.Here,we isolated a recessive maize mutant,tasselseed2016(ts2016),which exhibits pleiotropic inflorescence defects and reduced grain yield.These defects include the loss of determinacy and identity in meristems and floral organs,as well as a lack of the lower floret abortion in maize ear,and a smaller grain size.Using map-based cloning and allelic testing,we identified and confirmed the microRNA gene MIR172e as the target gene controlling these related traits.Furthermore,our evidence uncovered a new potential miR172e/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING197(EREB197)regulatory module which controls lower floret abortion in maize ear.Transcriptome analysis revealed that the mutation of MIR172e represses multiple biological processes,particularly the flower development and hormone-related pathways in maize ear.We also found that a mutation in the DNA sequence of MIR172e affects RNA transcription,resulting in elongation blockage at the mutant site.Our results reveal the function and molecular mechanism of MIR172e in maize inflorescences and grain yield,and this study deepens our knowledge of maize inflorescence development.
基金supported by the grants from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture(NIFA)(2017-67007-25932 and 2022-68013-36439)the Oklahoma Center for Advanced Science and Technology(OCAST,AR17-020-03)+1 种基金the China Scholarship Council,and “Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities”Project of China(B08025)a Short-term Exchange Fund in Agricultural College of Nanjing Agricultural University for her Ph.D.research work at the Oklahoma State University。
文摘Spike architecture is an indicative trait of grain yield in common wheat(Triticum aestivum).A segregating population was generated for mapping genes contributing to spike morphometric traits by crossing the two common wheat cultivars'CItr 17600'with branching spikes and'Yangmai 18'with normal spikes.A major quantitative trait locus for spike length was mapped to the Q5A region of chromosome 5A.Yangmai18 carried a Q5Ab allele for short spikes,which harbored one SNP in the last intron,and a 1-bp InDel in the 720-bp fragment from the start codon,compared to Q5Aa in Chinese Spring.CItr 17600 harbored a q5Ab allele for long spikes,which has a 6-bp deletion compared to the reported q5Aa allele that was involved in the binding site of microRNA 172(miR172).This 6-bp deletion in immediately upstream of this binding site was involved in changes of four amino acids.The natural q5A allele appeared to be rare in common wheat but frequent in tetraploid T.turgidum accessions with branching spikes.The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to edit the upstream region involving in the miR172 binding site in Yangmai 18 and identified two independent editing events,one with a 1-bp insertion in Q5A and the other with a 2-bp deletion in Q5D,resulting in several shapes of spikes in the transgenic progeny.In addition to the effects of natural q5A allele and the edited Q5A genes,this study indicated the regeneratability and transformability of Yangmai 18 as an elite cultivar.Altogether,this study provides insight into future modification and engineering of spike architecture in common wheat.
