Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)represent the most prevalent primary malignancies of the liver(1,2).Both exhibit significant heterogeneity and complex tumor microenvironments,whic...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)represent the most prevalent primary malignancies of the liver(1,2).Both exhibit significant heterogeneity and complex tumor microenvironments,which contribute to their aggressive nature and poor prognosis.Conventional genomic and transcriptomic methodologies,including bulk sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing,have identified critical driver mutations and cellular subpopulations.However,these approaches lack the ability to preserve the native spatial architecture of tissues,thereby limiting insights into cellular interactions and functional niches.The emergence of spatial omics technologies addresses this fundamental limitation.By enabling the simultaneous assessment of molecular expression and its precise histological context,these methods provide an unprecedented view of the tumor ecosystem,offering new avenues for understanding hepatobiliary cancer biology and developing targeted therapies.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Special Project(grant number 22JCZXJC00200)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2025-PUMCH-C-030).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)represent the most prevalent primary malignancies of the liver(1,2).Both exhibit significant heterogeneity and complex tumor microenvironments,which contribute to their aggressive nature and poor prognosis.Conventional genomic and transcriptomic methodologies,including bulk sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing,have identified critical driver mutations and cellular subpopulations.However,these approaches lack the ability to preserve the native spatial architecture of tissues,thereby limiting insights into cellular interactions and functional niches.The emergence of spatial omics technologies addresses this fundamental limitation.By enabling the simultaneous assessment of molecular expression and its precise histological context,these methods provide an unprecedented view of the tumor ecosystem,offering new avenues for understanding hepatobiliary cancer biology and developing targeted therapies.
