Key methods developed and used in the USSR and in the Russian Federation to determine the impact and friction sensitivity of energetic materials and explosives have been discussed.Experimental methodologies and instru...Key methods developed and used in the USSR and in the Russian Federation to determine the impact and friction sensitivity of energetic materials and explosives have been discussed.Experimental methodologies and instruments that underlie the assessment of their production and handling safety have been described.Studies of a large number of compounds have revealed relationships between their sensitivity parameters and structure of individual compounds and compositions.The range of change of physical and chemical characteristics for the compounds we examined covers the entire region of their existence.Theoretical methodology and equations have been formulated to estimate the impact and friction sensitivity parameters of energetic materials and to evaluate the technological safety in use.The developed methodology is characterized by high-accuracy calculations and prediction of sensitivity parameters.展开更多
The harmful algal bloom primarily caused by Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)has become one of the serious biological pollution issues in actual water,which has received intense attention worldwide.Over the past ye...The harmful algal bloom primarily caused by Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)has become one of the serious biological pollution issues in actual water,which has received intense attention worldwide.Over the past years,increasing number of publications have reported that metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)based functional materials exhibited significant inhibition against M.aeruginosa via multiple mechanisms,but no review papers systematically presented progresses regarding MOFs-based materials for M.aeruginosa control up to now.With this review paper,we summarized the state-of-the-art studies of MOFsbased materials for M.aeruginosa removal,comparing and discussing the design strategies of MOFs-based materials and their antimicrobial mechanisms.Meanwhile,we discussed methods for evaluating the water purification performances of MOFs-based materials against M.aeruginosa.Finally,the perspectives for design of novel MOFs-based functional materials and application scenarios were proposed to provide an outlook on areas where greater efforts should be made in the future.展开更多
There are many factors affecting the quality of fruit and vegetable agricultural products,such as environmental factors and agricultural management measures.The influencing factors and quality evaluation methods of fr...There are many factors affecting the quality of fruit and vegetable agricultural products,such as environmental factors and agricultural management measures.The influencing factors and quality evaluation methods of fruit and vegetable agricultural products were summarized,and its development trends were prospected.展开更多
Algorithms are the primary component of Artificial Intelligence(AI).The algorithm is the process in AI that imitates the human mind to solve problems.Currently evaluating the performance of AI is achieved by evaluatin...Algorithms are the primary component of Artificial Intelligence(AI).The algorithm is the process in AI that imitates the human mind to solve problems.Currently evaluating the performance of AI is achieved by evaluating AI algorithms by metric scores on data sets.However the evaluation of algorithms in AI is challenging because the evaluation of the same type of algorithm has many data sets and evaluation metrics.Different algorithms may have individual strengths and weaknesses in evaluation metric scores on separate data sets,lacking the credibility and validity of the evaluation.Moreover,evaluation of algorithms requires repeated experiments on different data sets,reducing the attention of researchers to the research of the algorithms itself.Crucially,this approach to evaluating comparative metric scores does not take into account the algorithm’s ability to solve problems.And the classical algorithm evaluation of time and space complexity is not suitable for evaluating AI algorithms.Because classical algorithms input is infinite numbers,whereas AI algorithms input is a data set,which is limited and multifarious.According to the AI algorithm evaluation without response to the problem solving capability,this paper summarizes the features of AI algorithm evaluation and proposes an AI evaluation method that incorporates the problem-solving capabilities of algorithms.展开更多
The formation water sample in oil and gas fields may be polluted in processes of testing, trial production, collection, storage, transportation and analysis, making the properties of formation water not be reflected t...The formation water sample in oil and gas fields may be polluted in processes of testing, trial production, collection, storage, transportation and analysis, making the properties of formation water not be reflected truly. This paper discusses identification methods and the data credibility evaluation method for formation water in oil and gas fields of petroliferous basins within China. The results of the study show that: (1) the identification methods of formation water include the basic methods of single factors such as physical characteristics, water composition characteristics, water type characteristics, and characteristic coefficients, as well as the comprehensive evaluation method of data credibility proposed on this basis, which mainly relies on the correlation analysis sodium chloride coefficient and desulfurization coefficient and combines geological background evaluation;(2) The basic identifying methods for formation water enable the preliminary identification of hydrochemical data and the preliminary screening of data on site, the proposed comprehensive method realizes the evaluation by classifying the CaCl2-type water into types A-I to A-VI and the NaHCO3-type water into types B-I to B-IV, so that researchers can make in-depth evaluation on the credibility of hydrochemical data and analysis of influencing factors;(3) When the basic methods are used to identify the formation water, the formation water containing anions such as CO_(3)^(2-), OH- and NO_(3)^(-), or the formation water with the sodium chloride coefficient and desulphurization coefficient not matching the geological setting, are all invaded with surface water or polluted by working fluid;(4) When the comprehensive method is used, the data credibility of A-I, A-II, B-I and B-II formation water can be evaluated effectively and accurately only if the geological setting analysis in respect of the factors such as formation environment, sampling conditions, condensate water, acid fluid, leaching of ancient weathering crust, and ancient atmospheric fresh water, is combined, although such formation water is believed with high credibility.展开更多
The instability of slope blocks occurred frequently along traffic corridor in Southeastern Xizang(TCST),which was primarily controlled by the rock mass structures.A rapid method evaluating the control effects of rock ...The instability of slope blocks occurred frequently along traffic corridor in Southeastern Xizang(TCST),which was primarily controlled by the rock mass structures.A rapid method evaluating the control effects of rock mass structures was proposed through field statistics of the slopes and rock mass structures along TCST,which combined the stereographic projection method,modified M-JCS model,and limit equilibrium theory.The instabilities of slope blocks along TCST were then evaluated rapidly,and the different control factors of instability were analyzed.Results showed that the probabilities of toppling(5.31%),planar(16.15%),and wedge(35.37%)failure of slope blocks along TCST increased sequentially.These instability modes were respectively controlled by the anti-dip joint,the joint parallel to slope surface with a dip angle smaller than the slope angle(singlejoint),and two groups of joints inclined out of the slope(double-joints).Regarding the control effects on slope block instability,the stabilization ability of doublejoints(72.7%),anti-dip joint(67.4%),and single-joint(57.6%)decreased sequentially,resulting in different probabilities of slope block instability.Additionally,nearby regional faults significantly influenced the joints,leading to spatial heterogeneity and segmental clustering in the stabilization ability provided by joints to the slope blocks.Consequently,the stability of slope blocks gradually weakened as they approached the fault zones.This paper can provide guidance and assistance for investigating the development characteristics of rock mass structures and the stability of slope blocks.展开更多
Lunar habitat construction is crucial for successful lunar exploration missions.Due to the limitations of transportation conditions,extensive global research has been conducted on lunar in situ material processing tec...Lunar habitat construction is crucial for successful lunar exploration missions.Due to the limitations of transportation conditions,extensive global research has been conducted on lunar in situ material processing techniques in recent years.The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review,precise classification,and quantitative evaluation of these approaches,focusing specifically on four main approaches:reaction solidification(RS),sintering/melting(SM),bonding solidification(BS),and confinement formation(CF).Eight key indicators have been identified for the construction of low-cost and highperformance systems to assess the feasibility of these methods:in situ material ratio,curing temperature,curing time,implementation conditions,compressive strength,tensile strength,curing dimensions,and environmental adaptability.The scoring thresholds are determined by comparing the construction requirements with the actual capabilities.Among the evaluated methods,regolith bagging has emerged as a promising option due to its high in situ material ratio,low time requirement,lack of hightemperature requirements,and minimal shortcomings,with only the compressive strength falling below the neutral score.The compressive strength still maintains a value of 2–3 MPa.The proposed construction scheme utilizing regolith bags offers numerous advantages,including rapid and large-scale construction,ensured tensile strength,and reduced reliance on equipment and energy.In this study,guidelines for evaluating regolith solidification techniques are provided,and directions for improvement are offered.The proposed lunar habitat design based on regolith bags is a practical reference for future research.展开更多
As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crud...As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to screen new varieties of long cowpea that are suitable for autumn cultivation in Hunan,as well as to develop a comprehensive evaluation method to assess their adaptability and performance.[...[Objectives]The paper was to screen new varieties of long cowpea that are suitable for autumn cultivation in Hunan,as well as to develop a comprehensive evaluation method to assess their adaptability and performance.[Methods]A total of 48 long cowpea varieties were introduced,and a range of comprehensive evaluation methods was employed to assess these varieties through the collection and analysis of field data.[Results]The square Euclidean distance of 14 allowed for the classification of all varieties into eight distinct groups.Groups II,III,and V belong to the autumn dominant group within this region,while groups I and VIII belong to the intermediate group.Additionally,groups IV,VI,and VII belong to the autumn inferior group in this area.Through a comparative analysis of various comprehensive evaluation methods,it was determined that the common factor comprehensive evaluation,grey correlation method,and fuzzy evaluation method were appropriate for application in the selection of long cowpea varieties.Furthermore,the evaluation outcomes were largely consistent with the cluster pedigree diagram.[Conclusions]Through comprehensive index method,ten varieties demonstrating superior performance in autumn cultivation have been identified,including C20,C42,C29,C40,C3,C14,C18,C25,C15,and C47.The selected varieties exhibit several advantageous traits,such as a reduced growth duration,a lower position of initial flower nodes,a decreased number of branches,predominantly green young pods,elongated pod strips,thicker pod structures,an increased number of pods per plant,and higher overall yields.These characteristics render them particularly valuable for extensive cultivation.展开更多
As China continues to develop its ecological civilization,it is crucial to quantitatively assess the ecological value to understand its potential impact on regional sustainable development.While previous studies have ...As China continues to develop its ecological civilization,it is crucial to quantitatively assess the ecological value to understand its potential impact on regional sustainable development.While previous studies have highlighted the importance of ecological value,they have not fully reflected the value of ecological restoration work or considered social costs and benefits,lacking a people-centered approach.Hence,this study analyzes the essence of ecological value from the perspective of sustainable development.By studying emblematic ecological restoration areas such as the Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm in Chengde City,it aims to identify the significance of ecological restoration efforts in enhancing regional sustainable development capacity.The results underscore the necessity of comprehensively considering the value chain from ecological construction to ecological output,highlighting the value of ecological restoration in the ecological construction process as well as the well-being of people in the ecological output process.This approach assigns more economic and humanistic attributes to ecological value,thereby better serving the development of ecological restoration areas.展开更多
Prediabetes is a heterogeneous condition,encompassing various pathological phenotypes such as hyperinsulinemia,tissue-specific insulin resistance(IR),systemic IR,andβ-cell dysfunction.A significant proportion of indi...Prediabetes is a heterogeneous condition,encompassing various pathological phenotypes such as hyperinsulinemia,tissue-specific insulin resistance(IR),systemic IR,andβ-cell dysfunction.A significant proportion of individuals with prediabetes remain undiagnosed.Furthermore,although lifestyle interventions have demonstrated efficacy in improving prediabetic conditions,some individuals with prediabetes progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus.This study aims to summarize effective evaluation methods for identifying distinct pathological phenotypes of prediabetes and targeted lifestyle intervention strategies to mitigate the progression from prediabetes to diabetes.展开更多
The comprehensive development level of the business environment reflects the quality of a region’s economic development,and a good business environment will give a city a strong vitality.This paper uses the entropy m...The comprehensive development level of the business environment reflects the quality of a region’s economic development,and a good business environment will give a city a strong vitality.This paper uses the entropy method to measure and evaluate the business environment of 106 large and medium-sized cities in China from 2017 to 2021.The results show that:From the spatial point of view,the business environment index of China’s cities shows a gradually decreasing pattern from east to west and from south to north.The balance of the business environment of large and medium-sized cities in China is divided into four levels according to the standard deviation of the ranking of each subindex.The greater the standard deviation,the more unbalanced the overall development of the business environment in the region.Finally,this paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions to further optimize the business environment.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate the soil nutrient status of poplar plantation by Soil Nutrient Systematic Approach (SNSA) in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Soil physiochemical properties were analyzed in lab...A study was conducted to evaluate the soil nutrient status of poplar plantation by Soil Nutrient Systematic Approach (SNSA) in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Soil physiochemical properties were analyzed in laboratory through collection soil samples of study site. Ten treatments of application different fertilizers were designed such as CK, optimum treatment (N, P, K, Zn), N(P, K, Zn), P(N, K, Zn), K(N, P, Zn), +Mg(N, P, K, Zn, Mg), Zn (N,P,K), +2P(N, 2P, K, Zn), +2K(N, P, 2K, Zn), and 2N+2P+2K(2N, 2P, 2K, Zn) for field experiment to test the effect on tree height, diameter (DBH) growth, and dry weight of poplar. The results showed that there was no significant difference in tree heights between treatments with different fertilizers, diameter growth of poplar trees in treatments of lack of N and Zn was significantly slower than that of trees in optimum treatment, and dry weight of poplar dropped significantly for treatment of CK as well as treatments without application N and Zn. It is concluded that N and Zn were main limiting factor for poplar growth. Results from laboratory analysis and field experiment were uniform per-fectly, which proved that SNSA was reliable in evaluating soil nutrient status of poplar plantation.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to provide references for the evaluation of water quality in aquaculture ponds by evaluating the pond water quality using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight. [Meth...[Objective] This study was to provide references for the evaluation of water quality in aquaculture ponds by evaluating the pond water quality using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight. [Method] The fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method based on entropy weight was used to evaluate the water quality in the ponds with Ukraine scale carp （Cyprinus carpio） as the main cultivated fish. The average size of the fish was 71.4 g/ind, and totally three groups of pond were set with the population density of 6 000, 9 000, 12 000 ind/hm2. [Result] According to the GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of China, the water quality of 6 000 ind/hm2 group was Grade I, and the water quality of 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 were Grade V. [Conclusion] With the increasing of feeding density, the pond water quality would worsen, however, there is no difference on water quality between 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 groups.展开更多
In the process of designing self-elevating drilling unit, it is important, yet complicated, to use comparison and filtering to select the optimum scheme from the feasible ones. In this research, an index system and me...In the process of designing self-elevating drilling unit, it is important, yet complicated, to use comparison and filtering to select the optimum scheme from the feasible ones. In this research, an index system and methodology for the evaluation of self-elevating drilling unit was proposed. Based on this, a multi-objective combinatorial optimization model was developed, using the improved grey relation Analysis （GRA）, in which the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to determine the weights of the evaluating indices. It considered the connections within the indices, reflecting the objective nature of things, and also considered the subjective interests of ship owners and the needs of designers. The evaluation index system and evaluation method can be used in the selection of an optimal scheme and advanced assessment. A case study shows the index system and evaluation method are scientific, reasonable, and easy to put into practice. At the same time, such an evaluation index system and evaluation method will be helpful for making decisions for other mobile platforms.展开更多
The article explains the legal definition of the term‘repair’as used in cosmetic efficacy claims:it refers to the ability to help maintain the normal condition of the applied area.By analysing methods for modelling ...The article explains the legal definition of the term‘repair’as used in cosmetic efficacy claims:it refers to the ability to help maintain the normal condition of the applied area.By analysing methods for modelling skin damage,the paper comprehensively summarises the evaluation system for the‘repair’efficacy of cosmetics,introducing existing assessment methods for repair efficacy across different application areas,including facial care products,body care products,foot care products,scalp care products,hair care products,and lip care products.This aims to promote the standardisation and innovative development of repair-type cosmetics.展开更多
AIM: To test the methodical and pre-analytical performance of a new multiplex cancer biomarker panel using magnetic beads. METHODS: The MILLIPLEX? MAP Human Circulating Cancer Biomarker Magnetic Bead Panel 1 comprises...AIM: To test the methodical and pre-analytical performance of a new multiplex cancer biomarker panel using magnetic beads. METHODS: The MILLIPLEX? MAP Human Circulating Cancer Biomarker Magnetic Bead Panel 1 comprises the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, total prostate-specific antigen, cancer antigen 15-3, cancer antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 125, cytokeratine 19-fragment, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, human epididymis protein 4, osteopontin, prolactin, the cell death and angiogenesis markers soluble Fas, soluble Fas-ligand, tumor necrosis factor related apoptosisinducing ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor andthe immunological markers interleukin-6(IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor α, fibroblast growth factor-2, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, leptin, hepatocyte growth factor, and stem cell factor. We determined intra- and inter-assay imprecision as well as dilution linearity using quality controls and serum pools. Furthermore, the stability of the 24 biomarkers examined in this panel was ascertained by testing the influence of different storage temperatures and time span before centrifugation.RESULTS: For all markers measured in the synthetic internal quality controls, the intra-assay imprecision ranged between 2.26% and 9.41%, while for 20 of 24 measured markers in the physiological serum pools, it ranged between 1.68% and 12.87%. The inter-assay imprecision ranged between 1.48%-17.12% for 23 biomarkers in synthetic, and between 4.59%-23.88% for 18 biomarkers in physiological quality controls. Here, single markers with very low concentration levels had increased imprecision rates. Dilution linearity was acceptable(70%-130% recovery) for 20 biomarkers. Regarding pre-analytical influencing factors, most markers were stable if blood centrifugation was delayed or if serum was stored for up to 24 h at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ after centrifugation. Comparable results were obtained in serum and plasma for most markers. However, great changes were observed for single markers.CONCLUSION: MILLIPLEX? MAP Human Circulating Cancer Biomarker Magnetic Bead Panel 1 assay is a stable and precise method for detection of most biomarkers included in the kit. However, single markers have to be interpreted with care.展开更多
The large amount of harmful particles in coal dust not only pollutes the production environment,affects the production efficiency and resource utilization of enterprises,but also poses a risk to human health.Effective...The large amount of harmful particles in coal dust not only pollutes the production environment,affects the production efficiency and resource utilization of enterprises,but also poses a risk to human health.Effectively controlling coal dust is of great significance to clean production.Water-based dust suppressants are extensively employed to mitigate coal dust.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the water-based dust suppression materials for coal dust control.Accord-ing to the difference of mechanism,the dust suppressants are divided into wetting type,hygroscopic coalescence type,cohesive agglomeration type,and composite type.The evaluation methods for dust suppressants key properties such as wettability,permeability,moisture absorption and water retention,and consolidation are summarized.The review results show that coal dust suppressants are no longer limited to a single dust suppression function.For example,it is necessary to develop multi-functional coal suppressants to meet the needs for synergistic suppression both coal dust and coal spon-taneous combustion.Driven by the concept of green,low-carbon and sustainable development,attention should be paid to the development of bio-based environmentally friendly coal dust suppressants.In addition,the evaluation method system for the key performance of water-based dust suppressants should also be improved,and further research is necessary.展开更多
Developing an accurate and efficient comprehensive water quality prediction model and its assessment method is crucial for the prevention and control of water pollution.Deep learning(DL),as one of the most promising t...Developing an accurate and efficient comprehensive water quality prediction model and its assessment method is crucial for the prevention and control of water pollution.Deep learning(DL),as one of the most promising technologies today,plays a crucial role in the effective assessment of water body health,which is essential for water resource management.This study models using both the original dataset and a dataset augmented with Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN).It integrates optimization algorithms(OA)with Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)to propose a comprehensive water quality model evaluation method aiming at identifying the optimal models for different pollutants.Specifically,after preprocessing the spectral dataset,data augmentation was conducted to obtain two datasets.Then,six new models were developed on these datasets using particle swarm optimization(PSO),genetic algorithm(GA),and simulated annealing(SA)combined with CNN to simulate and forecast the concentrations of three water pollutants:Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD),Total Nitrogen(TN),and Total Phosphorus(TP).Finally,seven model evaluation methods,including uncertainty analysis,were used to evaluate the constructed models and select the optimal models for the three pollutants.The evaluation results indicate that the GPSCNN model performed best in predicting COD and TP concentrations,while the GGACNN model excelled in TN concentration prediction.Compared to existing technologies,the proposed models and evaluation methods provide a more comprehensive and rapid approach to water body prediction and assessment,offering new insights and methods for water pollution prevention and control.展开更多
The use of hot recycled asphalt mixture(HRAM)allows for a reduction in the depletion of non-renewable resources and presents environmental benefits.However,concerns arise regarding the performance of HRAM due to the l...The use of hot recycled asphalt mixture(HRAM)allows for a reduction in the depletion of non-renewable resources and presents environmental benefits.However,concerns arise regarding the performance of HRAM due to the lower degree of blending(DOB)of virgin and aged asphalt(V&A asphalt).This paper aims to provide an up-to-date review on the DOB of V&A asphalt in HRAM.Initially,the paper introduces the DOB of V&A asphalt,followed by an analysis of the blending theory,evaluation methods,and influencing factors of DOB.Subsequently,the effect of DOB on the performance of HRAM is investigated,and molecular dynamic simulation is utilized to analyze the blend of V&A asphalt.Finally,methods for improving DOB are summarized.It was found that the use of high-resolution microscopy with tracer methods such as SEM/EDS was an effective way to characterize DOB.Furthermore,the chemical composition and colloid structure between virgin and aged asphalt are crucial to DOB.Additionally,improving DOB by utilizing the coupling effect of time and temperature during transportation,paving,and compaction stages is promising.Future research should focus on standardizing test methods,refining field simulation models,and developing intelligent construction technologies to achieve more efficient and durable blending.This review provides theoretical guidance and practical references for improving the DOB of V&A asphalt and promoting sustainable pavement construction.展开更多
文摘Key methods developed and used in the USSR and in the Russian Federation to determine the impact and friction sensitivity of energetic materials and explosives have been discussed.Experimental methodologies and instruments that underlie the assessment of their production and handling safety have been described.Studies of a large number of compounds have revealed relationships between their sensitivity parameters and structure of individual compounds and compositions.The range of change of physical and chemical characteristics for the compounds we examined covers the entire region of their existence.Theoretical methodology and equations have been formulated to estimate the impact and friction sensitivity parameters of energetic materials and to evaluate the technological safety in use.The developed methodology is characterized by high-accuracy calculations and prediction of sensitivity parameters.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22176012,52370025)the Pyramid Talent Training Project of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture(No.JDLJ20220802)+1 种基金the Doctor Graduate Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture(No.DG2023014)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Urban Water Environment。
文摘The harmful algal bloom primarily caused by Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)has become one of the serious biological pollution issues in actual water,which has received intense attention worldwide.Over the past years,increasing number of publications have reported that metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)based functional materials exhibited significant inhibition against M.aeruginosa via multiple mechanisms,but no review papers systematically presented progresses regarding MOFs-based materials for M.aeruginosa control up to now.With this review paper,we summarized the state-of-the-art studies of MOFsbased materials for M.aeruginosa removal,comparing and discussing the design strategies of MOFs-based materials and their antimicrobial mechanisms.Meanwhile,we discussed methods for evaluating the water purification performances of MOFs-based materials against M.aeruginosa.Finally,the perspectives for design of novel MOFs-based functional materials and application scenarios were proposed to provide an outlook on areas where greater efforts should be made in the future.
基金Supported by The Fourth Batch of High-end Talent Project in Hebei ProvinceQuality Evaluation System Project of High-Quality Fruits and Vegetables in Hebei Province.
文摘There are many factors affecting the quality of fruit and vegetable agricultural products,such as environmental factors and agricultural management measures.The influencing factors and quality evaluation methods of fruit and vegetable agricultural products were summarized,and its development trends were prospected.
基金funded by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant number[62277022].
文摘Algorithms are the primary component of Artificial Intelligence(AI).The algorithm is the process in AI that imitates the human mind to solve problems.Currently evaluating the performance of AI is achieved by evaluating AI algorithms by metric scores on data sets.However the evaluation of algorithms in AI is challenging because the evaluation of the same type of algorithm has many data sets and evaluation metrics.Different algorithms may have individual strengths and weaknesses in evaluation metric scores on separate data sets,lacking the credibility and validity of the evaluation.Moreover,evaluation of algorithms requires repeated experiments on different data sets,reducing the attention of researchers to the research of the algorithms itself.Crucially,this approach to evaluating comparative metric scores does not take into account the algorithm’s ability to solve problems.And the classical algorithm evaluation of time and space complexity is not suitable for evaluating AI algorithms.Because classical algorithms input is infinite numbers,whereas AI algorithms input is a data set,which is limited and multifarious.According to the AI algorithm evaluation without response to the problem solving capability,this paper summarizes the features of AI algorithm evaluation and proposes an AI evaluation method that incorporates the problem-solving capabilities of algorithms.
基金Supported by the PetroChina Science and Technology Project(2023ZZ0202)。
文摘The formation water sample in oil and gas fields may be polluted in processes of testing, trial production, collection, storage, transportation and analysis, making the properties of formation water not be reflected truly. This paper discusses identification methods and the data credibility evaluation method for formation water in oil and gas fields of petroliferous basins within China. The results of the study show that: (1) the identification methods of formation water include the basic methods of single factors such as physical characteristics, water composition characteristics, water type characteristics, and characteristic coefficients, as well as the comprehensive evaluation method of data credibility proposed on this basis, which mainly relies on the correlation analysis sodium chloride coefficient and desulfurization coefficient and combines geological background evaluation;(2) The basic identifying methods for formation water enable the preliminary identification of hydrochemical data and the preliminary screening of data on site, the proposed comprehensive method realizes the evaluation by classifying the CaCl2-type water into types A-I to A-VI and the NaHCO3-type water into types B-I to B-IV, so that researchers can make in-depth evaluation on the credibility of hydrochemical data and analysis of influencing factors;(3) When the basic methods are used to identify the formation water, the formation water containing anions such as CO_(3)^(2-), OH- and NO_(3)^(-), or the formation water with the sodium chloride coefficient and desulphurization coefficient not matching the geological setting, are all invaded with surface water or polluted by working fluid;(4) When the comprehensive method is used, the data credibility of A-I, A-II, B-I and B-II formation water can be evaluated effectively and accurately only if the geological setting analysis in respect of the factors such as formation environment, sampling conditions, condensate water, acid fluid, leaching of ancient weathering crust, and ancient atmospheric fresh water, is combined, although such formation water is believed with high credibility.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41941019,42177142)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(Grant NO.2019QZKK0904)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(Grant No.300102212213).
文摘The instability of slope blocks occurred frequently along traffic corridor in Southeastern Xizang(TCST),which was primarily controlled by the rock mass structures.A rapid method evaluating the control effects of rock mass structures was proposed through field statistics of the slopes and rock mass structures along TCST,which combined the stereographic projection method,modified M-JCS model,and limit equilibrium theory.The instabilities of slope blocks along TCST were then evaluated rapidly,and the different control factors of instability were analyzed.Results showed that the probabilities of toppling(5.31%),planar(16.15%),and wedge(35.37%)failure of slope blocks along TCST increased sequentially.These instability modes were respectively controlled by the anti-dip joint,the joint parallel to slope surface with a dip angle smaller than the slope angle(singlejoint),and two groups of joints inclined out of the slope(double-joints).Regarding the control effects on slope block instability,the stabilization ability of doublejoints(72.7%),anti-dip joint(67.4%),and single-joint(57.6%)decreased sequentially,resulting in different probabilities of slope block instability.Additionally,nearby regional faults significantly influenced the joints,leading to spatial heterogeneity and segmental clustering in the stabilization ability provided by joints to the slope blocks.Consequently,the stability of slope blocks gradually weakened as they approached the fault zones.This paper can provide guidance and assistance for investigating the development characteristics of rock mass structures and the stability of slope blocks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42241109)the Guoqiang Institute,Tsinghua University(2021GQG1001)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘Lunar habitat construction is crucial for successful lunar exploration missions.Due to the limitations of transportation conditions,extensive global research has been conducted on lunar in situ material processing techniques in recent years.The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review,precise classification,and quantitative evaluation of these approaches,focusing specifically on four main approaches:reaction solidification(RS),sintering/melting(SM),bonding solidification(BS),and confinement formation(CF).Eight key indicators have been identified for the construction of low-cost and highperformance systems to assess the feasibility of these methods:in situ material ratio,curing temperature,curing time,implementation conditions,compressive strength,tensile strength,curing dimensions,and environmental adaptability.The scoring thresholds are determined by comparing the construction requirements with the actual capabilities.Among the evaluated methods,regolith bagging has emerged as a promising option due to its high in situ material ratio,low time requirement,lack of hightemperature requirements,and minimal shortcomings,with only the compressive strength falling below the neutral score.The compressive strength still maintains a value of 2–3 MPa.The proposed construction scheme utilizing regolith bags offers numerous advantages,including rapid and large-scale construction,ensured tensile strength,and reduced reliance on equipment and energy.In this study,guidelines for evaluating regolith solidification techniques are provided,and directions for improvement are offered.The proposed lunar habitat design based on regolith bags is a practical reference for future research.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074089 and 52104064)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LH2019E019).
文摘As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.
基金Supported by China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-23-G31)Technology Innovation Guidance Project of Changde City(CDKJJ20220265,CDKJJ2023YF33).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to screen new varieties of long cowpea that are suitable for autumn cultivation in Hunan,as well as to develop a comprehensive evaluation method to assess their adaptability and performance.[Methods]A total of 48 long cowpea varieties were introduced,and a range of comprehensive evaluation methods was employed to assess these varieties through the collection and analysis of field data.[Results]The square Euclidean distance of 14 allowed for the classification of all varieties into eight distinct groups.Groups II,III,and V belong to the autumn dominant group within this region,while groups I and VIII belong to the intermediate group.Additionally,groups IV,VI,and VII belong to the autumn inferior group in this area.Through a comparative analysis of various comprehensive evaluation methods,it was determined that the common factor comprehensive evaluation,grey correlation method,and fuzzy evaluation method were appropriate for application in the selection of long cowpea varieties.Furthermore,the evaluation outcomes were largely consistent with the cluster pedigree diagram.[Conclusions]Through comprehensive index method,ten varieties demonstrating superior performance in autumn cultivation have been identified,including C20,C42,C29,C40,C3,C14,C18,C25,C15,and C47.The selected varieties exhibit several advantageous traits,such as a reduced growth duration,a lower position of initial flower nodes,a decreased number of branches,predominantly green young pods,elongated pod strips,thicker pod structures,an increased number of pods per plant,and higher overall yields.These characteristics render them particularly valuable for extensive cultivation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under the theme“Research on the evaluation methods and standards of urban sustainable development” [Grant No.2022YFC3802901]Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CNIS“Research on the implementation of ISO 37101 for Sustainable cities and communities in China” [Grant No.512024Y-11450].
文摘As China continues to develop its ecological civilization,it is crucial to quantitatively assess the ecological value to understand its potential impact on regional sustainable development.While previous studies have highlighted the importance of ecological value,they have not fully reflected the value of ecological restoration work or considered social costs and benefits,lacking a people-centered approach.Hence,this study analyzes the essence of ecological value from the perspective of sustainable development.By studying emblematic ecological restoration areas such as the Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm in Chengde City,it aims to identify the significance of ecological restoration efforts in enhancing regional sustainable development capacity.The results underscore the necessity of comprehensively considering the value chain from ecological construction to ecological output,highlighting the value of ecological restoration in the ecological construction process as well as the well-being of people in the ecological output process.This approach assigns more economic and humanistic attributes to ecological value,thereby better serving the development of ecological restoration areas.
文摘Prediabetes is a heterogeneous condition,encompassing various pathological phenotypes such as hyperinsulinemia,tissue-specific insulin resistance(IR),systemic IR,andβ-cell dysfunction.A significant proportion of individuals with prediabetes remain undiagnosed.Furthermore,although lifestyle interventions have demonstrated efficacy in improving prediabetic conditions,some individuals with prediabetes progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus.This study aims to summarize effective evaluation methods for identifying distinct pathological phenotypes of prediabetes and targeted lifestyle intervention strategies to mitigate the progression from prediabetes to diabetes.
文摘The comprehensive development level of the business environment reflects the quality of a region’s economic development,and a good business environment will give a city a strong vitality.This paper uses the entropy method to measure and evaluate the business environment of 106 large and medium-sized cities in China from 2017 to 2021.The results show that:From the spatial point of view,the business environment index of China’s cities shows a gradually decreasing pattern from east to west and from south to north.The balance of the business environment of large and medium-sized cities in China is divided into four levels according to the standard deviation of the ranking of each subindex.The greater the standard deviation,the more unbalanced the overall development of the business environment in the region.Finally,this paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions to further optimize the business environment.
基金The study was supported by PPI/PPIC China Program (No. HB-19) and Wetland Laboratory Opening Foundation of Hubei Province (No. HNKFJ20021301).
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the soil nutrient status of poplar plantation by Soil Nutrient Systematic Approach (SNSA) in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Soil physiochemical properties were analyzed in laboratory through collection soil samples of study site. Ten treatments of application different fertilizers were designed such as CK, optimum treatment (N, P, K, Zn), N(P, K, Zn), P(N, K, Zn), K(N, P, Zn), +Mg(N, P, K, Zn, Mg), Zn (N,P,K), +2P(N, 2P, K, Zn), +2K(N, P, 2K, Zn), and 2N+2P+2K(2N, 2P, 2K, Zn) for field experiment to test the effect on tree height, diameter (DBH) growth, and dry weight of poplar. The results showed that there was no significant difference in tree heights between treatments with different fertilizers, diameter growth of poplar trees in treatments of lack of N and Zn was significantly slower than that of trees in optimum treatment, and dry weight of poplar dropped significantly for treatment of CK as well as treatments without application N and Zn. It is concluded that N and Zn were main limiting factor for poplar growth. Results from laboratory analysis and field experiment were uniform per-fectly, which proved that SNSA was reliable in evaluating soil nutrient status of poplar plantation.
基金Supported by the Major Project of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology of Tianjin (the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin) (09JCZDJC19200),China~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to provide references for the evaluation of water quality in aquaculture ponds by evaluating the pond water quality using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight. [Method] The fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method based on entropy weight was used to evaluate the water quality in the ponds with Ukraine scale carp （Cyprinus carpio） as the main cultivated fish. The average size of the fish was 71.4 g/ind, and totally three groups of pond were set with the population density of 6 000, 9 000, 12 000 ind/hm2. [Result] According to the GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of China, the water quality of 6 000 ind/hm2 group was Grade I, and the water quality of 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 were Grade V. [Conclusion] With the increasing of feeding density, the pond water quality would worsen, however, there is no difference on water quality between 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 groups.
基金Supported by the National 863 Plan Foundation under Grant No.2003AA414060
文摘In the process of designing self-elevating drilling unit, it is important, yet complicated, to use comparison and filtering to select the optimum scheme from the feasible ones. In this research, an index system and methodology for the evaluation of self-elevating drilling unit was proposed. Based on this, a multi-objective combinatorial optimization model was developed, using the improved grey relation Analysis （GRA）, in which the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to determine the weights of the evaluating indices. It considered the connections within the indices, reflecting the objective nature of things, and also considered the subjective interests of ship owners and the needs of designers. The evaluation index system and evaluation method can be used in the selection of an optimal scheme and advanced assessment. A case study shows the index system and evaluation method are scientific, reasonable, and easy to put into practice. At the same time, such an evaluation index system and evaluation method will be helpful for making decisions for other mobile platforms.
文摘The article explains the legal definition of the term‘repair’as used in cosmetic efficacy claims:it refers to the ability to help maintain the normal condition of the applied area.By analysing methods for modelling skin damage,the paper comprehensively summarises the evaluation system for the‘repair’efficacy of cosmetics,introducing existing assessment methods for repair efficacy across different application areas,including facial care products,body care products,foot care products,scalp care products,hair care products,and lip care products.This aims to promote the standardisation and innovative development of repair-type cosmetics.
文摘AIM: To test the methodical and pre-analytical performance of a new multiplex cancer biomarker panel using magnetic beads. METHODS: The MILLIPLEX? MAP Human Circulating Cancer Biomarker Magnetic Bead Panel 1 comprises the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, total prostate-specific antigen, cancer antigen 15-3, cancer antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 125, cytokeratine 19-fragment, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, human epididymis protein 4, osteopontin, prolactin, the cell death and angiogenesis markers soluble Fas, soluble Fas-ligand, tumor necrosis factor related apoptosisinducing ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor andthe immunological markers interleukin-6(IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor α, fibroblast growth factor-2, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, leptin, hepatocyte growth factor, and stem cell factor. We determined intra- and inter-assay imprecision as well as dilution linearity using quality controls and serum pools. Furthermore, the stability of the 24 biomarkers examined in this panel was ascertained by testing the influence of different storage temperatures and time span before centrifugation.RESULTS: For all markers measured in the synthetic internal quality controls, the intra-assay imprecision ranged between 2.26% and 9.41%, while for 20 of 24 measured markers in the physiological serum pools, it ranged between 1.68% and 12.87%. The inter-assay imprecision ranged between 1.48%-17.12% for 23 biomarkers in synthetic, and between 4.59%-23.88% for 18 biomarkers in physiological quality controls. Here, single markers with very low concentration levels had increased imprecision rates. Dilution linearity was acceptable(70%-130% recovery) for 20 biomarkers. Regarding pre-analytical influencing factors, most markers were stable if blood centrifugation was delayed or if serum was stored for up to 24 h at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ after centrifugation. Comparable results were obtained in serum and plasma for most markers. However, great changes were observed for single markers.CONCLUSION: MILLIPLEX? MAP Human Circulating Cancer Biomarker Magnetic Bead Panel 1 assay is a stable and precise method for detection of most biomarkers included in the kit. However, single markers have to be interpreted with care.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52474226,52322404)Basic scientific research projects in higher education institutions of Liaoning Province(JYTZD2023079)。
文摘The large amount of harmful particles in coal dust not only pollutes the production environment,affects the production efficiency and resource utilization of enterprises,but also poses a risk to human health.Effectively controlling coal dust is of great significance to clean production.Water-based dust suppressants are extensively employed to mitigate coal dust.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the water-based dust suppression materials for coal dust control.Accord-ing to the difference of mechanism,the dust suppressants are divided into wetting type,hygroscopic coalescence type,cohesive agglomeration type,and composite type.The evaluation methods for dust suppressants key properties such as wettability,permeability,moisture absorption and water retention,and consolidation are summarized.The review results show that coal dust suppressants are no longer limited to a single dust suppression function.For example,it is necessary to develop multi-functional coal suppressants to meet the needs for synergistic suppression both coal dust and coal spon-taneous combustion.Driven by the concept of green,low-carbon and sustainable development,attention should be paid to the development of bio-based environmentally friendly coal dust suppressants.In addition,the evaluation method system for the key performance of water-based dust suppressants should also be improved,and further research is necessary.
基金Supported by Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Program No.2022JM-396)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDA23040101+4 种基金Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Projects(Program No.2023-YBSF-437)Xi'an Shiyou University Graduate Student Innovation Fund Program(Program No.YCX2412041)State Key Laboratory of Air Traffic Management System and Technology(SKLATM202001)Tianjin Education Commission Research Program Project(2020KJ028)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3122019132)。
文摘Developing an accurate and efficient comprehensive water quality prediction model and its assessment method is crucial for the prevention and control of water pollution.Deep learning(DL),as one of the most promising technologies today,plays a crucial role in the effective assessment of water body health,which is essential for water resource management.This study models using both the original dataset and a dataset augmented with Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN).It integrates optimization algorithms(OA)with Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)to propose a comprehensive water quality model evaluation method aiming at identifying the optimal models for different pollutants.Specifically,after preprocessing the spectral dataset,data augmentation was conducted to obtain two datasets.Then,six new models were developed on these datasets using particle swarm optimization(PSO),genetic algorithm(GA),and simulated annealing(SA)combined with CNN to simulate and forecast the concentrations of three water pollutants:Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD),Total Nitrogen(TN),and Total Phosphorus(TP).Finally,seven model evaluation methods,including uncertainty analysis,were used to evaluate the constructed models and select the optimal models for the three pollutants.The evaluation results indicate that the GPSCNN model performed best in predicting COD and TP concentrations,while the GGACNN model excelled in TN concentration prediction.Compared to existing technologies,the proposed models and evaluation methods provide a more comprehensive and rapid approach to water body prediction and assessment,offering new insights and methods for water pollution prevention and control.
基金supported in part by the key project supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.U2433210)Shaanxi Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024BSHSDZZ225)+1 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2025JC-YBQN-595)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(300102215102).
文摘The use of hot recycled asphalt mixture(HRAM)allows for a reduction in the depletion of non-renewable resources and presents environmental benefits.However,concerns arise regarding the performance of HRAM due to the lower degree of blending(DOB)of virgin and aged asphalt(V&A asphalt).This paper aims to provide an up-to-date review on the DOB of V&A asphalt in HRAM.Initially,the paper introduces the DOB of V&A asphalt,followed by an analysis of the blending theory,evaluation methods,and influencing factors of DOB.Subsequently,the effect of DOB on the performance of HRAM is investigated,and molecular dynamic simulation is utilized to analyze the blend of V&A asphalt.Finally,methods for improving DOB are summarized.It was found that the use of high-resolution microscopy with tracer methods such as SEM/EDS was an effective way to characterize DOB.Furthermore,the chemical composition and colloid structure between virgin and aged asphalt are crucial to DOB.Additionally,improving DOB by utilizing the coupling effect of time and temperature during transportation,paving,and compaction stages is promising.Future research should focus on standardizing test methods,refining field simulation models,and developing intelligent construction technologies to achieve more efficient and durable blending.This review provides theoretical guidance and practical references for improving the DOB of V&A asphalt and promoting sustainable pavement construction.
