Brucellosis is a global public health issue that severely affects human health,Brucella melitensis is currently the predominant species in China.Brucella spondylitis is the primary cause of the debilitating and disabl...Brucellosis is a global public health issue that severely affects human health,Brucella melitensis is currently the predominant species in China.Brucella spondylitis is the primary cause of the debilitating and disabling complications[1].The lumbar vertebra was the most commonly affected site,followed by the thoracic,cervical,thoracolumbar,and lumbosacral segments,and back pain,fever,sweating,and fatigue were the most common symptoms[2].However,the diagnosis of Brucella spondylitis is challenging owing to its wide spectrum of clinical presentations,cross-reactions with other bacteria,and low strain isolation rate.Therefore,a timely and accurate diagnosis of spinal brucellosis is crucial for implementing an effective therapeutic plan and improving treatment outcomes.Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR)is widely used for low-abundance nucleic acid detection and is useful for diagnosing infectious diseases[3].Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the ddPCR approach for the diagnosis of brucellosis with spondylitis to improve its clinical diagnostic capacity.展开更多
Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is a major public health problem among children in the Asia-Pacific region.The optimal specimen for HFMD virological diagnosis remains unclear.Enterovirus A71(EV-A71)neutralizing antib...Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is a major public health problem among children in the Asia-Pacific region.The optimal specimen for HFMD virological diagnosis remains unclear.Enterovirus A71(EV-A71)neutralizing antibody titres detected in paired sera were considered the reference standard for calculating the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value of throat swabs,rectal swabs,stool,blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)by RT-PCR or ELISA assay.In this study,clinical samples from 276 HFMD patients were collected for analysing the sensitivity of different kind of specimens.Our results showed that stool had the highest sensitivity(88%,95%CI:74%–96%)and agreement with the reference standard(91%).The order of diagnostic yield for EV-A71 infection was stool samplerectal swab>throat swab>blood sample>CSF sample,and using a combination of clinical samples improved sensitivity for enterovirus detection.The sensitivity of ELISA for IgM antibody detection in sterile-site specimens was significantly higher than that of RT-PCR(serum/plasma:62%vs.2%,CSF:47%vs.0%)(P<0.002).In conclusion,our results suggest that stool has the highest diagnostic yield for EV-A71-infected HFMD.If stool is unavailable,rectal swabs can be collected to achieve a similar diagnostic yield.Otherwise,throat swabs may be useful in detecting positive samples.Although IgM in blood or CSF is diagnostically accurate,it lacks sensitivity,missing 40%–50%of cases.The higher proportion of severe cases and shorter interval between onset and sampling contributed to the increase in congruency between clinical testing and the serological reference standard.展开更多
分别从“点对点”雨量检验和降水空间结构特征检验两方面对多个数值模式东亚夏季中短期逐日降水集合预报进行评估,结果表明不同模式对降水的不同方面存在不一样的预报能力。借助基于对象的诊断评估方法(method for object-based diagnos...分别从“点对点”雨量检验和降水空间结构特征检验两方面对多个数值模式东亚夏季中短期逐日降水集合预报进行评估,结果表明不同模式对降水的不同方面存在不一样的预报能力。借助基于对象的诊断评估方法(method for object-based diagnostic evaluation,简称MODE)提出了基于降水对象的超级集合(Object-based Superensemble,简称OBJSUP)模型,采用观测场和预报场中降水对象空间结构的相似度来分配各个成员模式的权重,有别于利用传统“点对点”误差分析来计算权重的超级集合(Gridpoint-based Superensemble,简称GPSUP)。相比于最优单模式,两种多模式集成预报均有效地提高了中短期降水预报技巧,且OBJSUP模型整体优于GPSUP模型,主要原因在于OBJSUP模型可以较好地改进降水对象的质心位置预报。为进一步检验多模式集成模型对强降水空间结构特征的预报能力,针对2018年夏季广东一次极端强降水事件,多模式集成预报与高分辨率区域模式动力降尺度预报对比表明,多模式集成对强降水的预报不足,但对广东省逐日大雨量级降水和过程累积降水量空间分布预报较好。高分辨率区域模式对此个例中粤东地区发生的强降水具有一定的预报能力,但对广东省其他地区降水量预报偏弱。展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Projects of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Grant no.2022BEG03161)。
文摘Brucellosis is a global public health issue that severely affects human health,Brucella melitensis is currently the predominant species in China.Brucella spondylitis is the primary cause of the debilitating and disabling complications[1].The lumbar vertebra was the most commonly affected site,followed by the thoracic,cervical,thoracolumbar,and lumbosacral segments,and back pain,fever,sweating,and fatigue were the most common symptoms[2].However,the diagnosis of Brucella spondylitis is challenging owing to its wide spectrum of clinical presentations,cross-reactions with other bacteria,and low strain isolation rate.Therefore,a timely and accurate diagnosis of spinal brucellosis is crucial for implementing an effective therapeutic plan and improving treatment outcomes.Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR)is widely used for low-abundance nucleic acid detection and is useful for diagnosing infectious diseases[3].Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the ddPCR approach for the diagnosis of brucellosis with spondylitis to improve its clinical diagnostic capacity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.81525023)in whole or in part,by a Wellcome Trust fellowship awarded to LT[205228/Z/16/Z]supported by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections(grant no.NIHR200907)at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England(PHE),in collaboration with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the University of Oxford.LT is based at the University of Liverpool.
文摘Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is a major public health problem among children in the Asia-Pacific region.The optimal specimen for HFMD virological diagnosis remains unclear.Enterovirus A71(EV-A71)neutralizing antibody titres detected in paired sera were considered the reference standard for calculating the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value of throat swabs,rectal swabs,stool,blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)by RT-PCR or ELISA assay.In this study,clinical samples from 276 HFMD patients were collected for analysing the sensitivity of different kind of specimens.Our results showed that stool had the highest sensitivity(88%,95%CI:74%–96%)and agreement with the reference standard(91%).The order of diagnostic yield for EV-A71 infection was stool samplerectal swab>throat swab>blood sample>CSF sample,and using a combination of clinical samples improved sensitivity for enterovirus detection.The sensitivity of ELISA for IgM antibody detection in sterile-site specimens was significantly higher than that of RT-PCR(serum/plasma:62%vs.2%,CSF:47%vs.0%)(P<0.002).In conclusion,our results suggest that stool has the highest diagnostic yield for EV-A71-infected HFMD.If stool is unavailable,rectal swabs can be collected to achieve a similar diagnostic yield.Otherwise,throat swabs may be useful in detecting positive samples.Although IgM in blood or CSF is diagnostically accurate,it lacks sensitivity,missing 40%–50%of cases.The higher proportion of severe cases and shorter interval between onset and sampling contributed to the increase in congruency between clinical testing and the serological reference standard.
