To find out all dependency relationships in which metaphors probably exist between syntax constituents in a given sentence,a dependency tree matching algorithm oriented to Chinese metaphor processing is proposed based...To find out all dependency relationships in which metaphors probably exist between syntax constituents in a given sentence,a dependency tree matching algorithm oriented to Chinese metaphor processing is proposed based on a research of unordered tree inclusion matching.In this algorithm,the pattern library is composed of formalization dependency syntax trees that are derived from large-scale metaphor sentences.These kinds of metaphor sentences are saved in the pattern library in advance.The main process of this algorithm is up-down searching and bottom-up backtracking revising.The algorithm discovers potential metaphoric structures in Chinese sentences from metaphoric dependency pattern library.Finally,the feasibility and efficiency of the new matching algorithm are further testified by the results of a series of experiments on dependency pattern library.Hence,accurate dependency relationships can be achieved through this algorithm.展开更多
Metaphor computation has attracted more and more attention because metaphor, to some extent, is the focus of mind and language mechanism. However, it encounters problems not only due to the rich expressive power of na...Metaphor computation has attracted more and more attention because metaphor, to some extent, is the focus of mind and language mechanism. However, it encounters problems not only due to the rich expressive power of natural language but also due to cognitive nature of human being. Therefore machine-understanding of metaphor is now becoming a bottle-neck in natural language processing and machine translation. This paper first suggests how a metaphor is understood and then presents a survey of current computational approaches, in terms of their linguistic historical roots, underlying foundations, methods and techniques currently used, advantages, limitations, and future trends. A comparison between metaphors in English and Chinese languages is also introduced because compared with development in English language Chinese metaphor computation is just at its starting stage. So a separate summarization of current progress made in Chinese metaphor computation is presented. As a conclusion, a few suggestions are proposed for further research on metaphor computation especially on Chinese metaphor computation.展开更多
Objective:This study focuses on the cognitive mechanism for combining Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theories with conceptual metaphorical theories and analyzes how TCM explains its theories through metaphor.Materi...Objective:This study focuses on the cognitive mechanism for combining Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theories with conceptual metaphorical theories and analyzes how TCM explains its theories through metaphor.Materials and Methods:Metaphorical thinking of TCM(MTT) is explicitly defined as a proper integration of many key concepts in traditional Chinese philosophy and me dicine,such as correspondence between man and the universe,""Yin-Yang and five-phase doctrines," "Xiang-based analogy and categorization," "syndrome differentiation and treatment," "theory of visceral manifestation," and "six climate exopathogens and seven emotions." Results:Three essential features of MTT are proposed:double mapping structures,including simple and categorization styles;double thinking centers,including entity-based and process-based thinking patterns;and double operational functio ns,including descriptive and inferential functions.Conclu sions:Analysis of the complicated features of MTT is helpful not only for enriching the study of metaphors but also for revealing the original appearance of TCM,the real meaning of TCM theories,and providing a new way to develop TCM.展开更多
基金Project(50474033)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To find out all dependency relationships in which metaphors probably exist between syntax constituents in a given sentence,a dependency tree matching algorithm oriented to Chinese metaphor processing is proposed based on a research of unordered tree inclusion matching.In this algorithm,the pattern library is composed of formalization dependency syntax trees that are derived from large-scale metaphor sentences.These kinds of metaphor sentences are saved in the pattern library in advance.The main process of this algorithm is up-down searching and bottom-up backtracking revising.The algorithm discovers potential metaphoric structures in Chinese sentences from metaphoric dependency pattern library.Finally,the feasibility and efficiency of the new matching algorithm are further testified by the results of a series of experiments on dependency pattern library.Hence,accurate dependency relationships can be achieved through this algorithm.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60373080.
文摘Metaphor computation has attracted more and more attention because metaphor, to some extent, is the focus of mind and language mechanism. However, it encounters problems not only due to the rich expressive power of natural language but also due to cognitive nature of human being. Therefore machine-understanding of metaphor is now becoming a bottle-neck in natural language processing and machine translation. This paper first suggests how a metaphor is understood and then presents a survey of current computational approaches, in terms of their linguistic historical roots, underlying foundations, methods and techniques currently used, advantages, limitations, and future trends. A comparison between metaphors in English and Chinese languages is also introduced because compared with development in English language Chinese metaphor computation is just at its starting stage. So a separate summarization of current progress made in Chinese metaphor computation is presented. As a conclusion, a few suggestions are proposed for further research on metaphor computation especially on Chinese metaphor computation.
文摘Objective:This study focuses on the cognitive mechanism for combining Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theories with conceptual metaphorical theories and analyzes how TCM explains its theories through metaphor.Materials and Methods:Metaphorical thinking of TCM(MTT) is explicitly defined as a proper integration of many key concepts in traditional Chinese philosophy and me dicine,such as correspondence between man and the universe,""Yin-Yang and five-phase doctrines," "Xiang-based analogy and categorization," "syndrome differentiation and treatment," "theory of visceral manifestation," and "six climate exopathogens and seven emotions." Results:Three essential features of MTT are proposed:double mapping structures,including simple and categorization styles;double thinking centers,including entity-based and process-based thinking patterns;and double operational functio ns,including descriptive and inferential functions.Conclu sions:Analysis of the complicated features of MTT is helpful not only for enriching the study of metaphors but also for revealing the original appearance of TCM,the real meaning of TCM theories,and providing a new way to develop TCM.
