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Tunable wavelength filters using polymer long-period waveguide gratings based on metal-cladding directly defined technique
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作者 Ji-Hou Wang Chang-Ming Chen +5 位作者 Yang Zheng Xi-Bin Wang Yun-Ji Yi Xiao-Qiang Sun Fei Wang Da-Ming Zhang 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第2期268-273,共6页
In this work, long-period waveguide grating-based tunable wavelength filters using organic–inorganic grafting poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) materials are designed and fabricated by metal-cladding directly defin... In this work, long-period waveguide grating-based tunable wavelength filters using organic–inorganic grafting poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) materials are designed and fabricated by metal-cladding directly defined technique.The thermal stabilities and optical properties of the organic–inorganic grafting PMMA core materials are analyzed. Structures and performance parameters of the waveguide gratings and self-electrode heaters are designed and simulated. The contrast of the filter is about 15 d B and the resonant wavelength can be tuned by different electric powers applied to the metal-cladding self-electrode heaters. The temperature sensitivity is 3.5 nm/℃ and the switching time is about 1 ms. The technique is very suitable for realizing the optoelectronic integrated wavelength-division-multiplexing systems. 展开更多
关键词 organic–inorganic grafting materials polymer optical waveguide long-period grating filter metalcladding defined technique
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国际投资与环境保护——从Metalclad公司诉墨西哥政府案想起的
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作者 金慧华 《福建政法管理干部学院学报》 2005年第3期32-35,共4页
NAFTA号称“世界上最绿的贸易协定”,它提出贸易目标应以“与环境保护和保全一致的方式”实现,要求成员国通过实施贸易自由化的方案来促进“可持续发展”和“加强环境法律法规的制定与执行”。NAFTA的贸易、投资制度设计和纠纷解决为国... NAFTA号称“世界上最绿的贸易协定”,它提出贸易目标应以“与环境保护和保全一致的方式”实现,要求成员国通过实施贸易自由化的方案来促进“可持续发展”和“加强环境法律法规的制定与执行”。NAFTA的贸易、投资制度设计和纠纷解决为国际社会提供可资借鉴的经验。Metalclad公司诉墨西哥案对分析NAFTA在处理“与环境有关的投资纠纷”中存在的问题有重大意义。 展开更多
关键词 《北美自由贸易协定》 Metalclad公司 与环境有关的投资纠纷
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