Photocatalytic CO_(2)cycloaddition reaction presents a promising CO_(2)conversion strategy to establish carbon neutrality.Among emerging catalysts,metal‑organic frameworks(MOFs)have been regarded as paradigmshifting p...Photocatalytic CO_(2)cycloaddition reaction presents a promising CO_(2)conversion strategy to establish carbon neutrality.Among emerging catalysts,metal‑organic frameworks(MOFs)have been regarded as paradigmshifting photocatalysts for their atomic precision in active site engineering,controllable porosity,and exceptional photochemical stability under ambient conditions.However,inherent limitations persist in conventional MOFs,including restricted solar spectrum utilization,inefficient charge carrier separation,and inadequate epoxide activation ability.Recent breakthroughs address these challenges through multiple strategies:ligand engineering,dopant incorporation,and composite construction.This review systematically maps the evolutionary trajectory of MOF‑based photocatalysts,providing mechanistic insights into structure‑activity relationships and providing insights and directions for the design of high‑performance MOF‑based photocatalysts.展开更多
The residues of Al^(3+),Ga^(3+),and In^(3+)in the environment pose an increasingly serious threat to human health and ecosystems.However,their specific and rapid detection remains challenging.In this study,we present ...The residues of Al^(3+),Ga^(3+),and In^(3+)in the environment pose an increasingly serious threat to human health and ecosystems.However,their specific and rapid detection remains challenging.In this study,we present a water‑stable cadmium metal‑organic framework(Cd‑MOF)based luminescence probe,which can detect Al^(3+),Ga^(3+),and In^(3+)ions in aqueous solutions via a luminescence“turn‑on”mode.The corresponding detection limits for the Al^(3+),Ga^(3+),and In^(3+)ions were 2.31,3.06,and 2.78μmol·L^(-1),respectively.This probe operated effectively within a pH range of 3‑10 in an all‑aqueous environment.Investigations into the detection mechanism revealed that this“turn‑on”recognition is attributed to the formation of new structures upon ion interaction.展开更多
Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochem...Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochemical sensors because of their limited sensitivity and selectivity.Here,we present a millimeter-scale all-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)platform that integrates dual-mode sensing with enzyme/metal-free operation for ultrasensitive biomarker monitoring.By engineering polycrystalline PEDOT:PSS channels via H_2 SO_4 post-treatment,the device achieves record-high conductivity(about(2312.0±29.9)S·cm^(–1)),maximum transconductance(about(2.82±0.12)mS),and on/off ratio(about 210.0±7.8),enabling signal amplification at low gate voltages.The dual-mode strategy combines the selectivity of electrochemistry with the sensitivity of OECTs,realizing simultaneous detection of glucose,AA,UA,and DA with clinical-level sensitivity:detection limits down to 8 nmol·L^(–1)(glucose),0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(AA),5 nmol·L^(–1)(DA),and 0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(UA).Validation using human urine samples yielded recovery rates of 94%–114%.This flexible sensing platform provides a new pathway for the development of wearable biosensors for precision diagnostics.展开更多
Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and t...Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and the side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the Zn anodes.In this review,we discuss how inorganic interfaces impact the Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reaction and overall cell performance.The discussion is categorized based on the types of inorganic materials,including metal oxides,other metal compounds,and inorganic salts.The proposed protection mechanisms for Zn metal anodes are highlighted,with a focus on the dendrite and HER inhibition mechanisms facilitated by various inorganic materials.We also provide our perspective on the rational design of advanced interfaces to enable highly reversible Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reactions toward highly stable AZMBs,paving the way for their practical implementation in energy storage.展开更多
Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the po...Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.展开更多
The recovery of precious metals(PMs)from secondary resources is critical for addressing global supply-chain vulnerabilities and sustainable resource utilization.This review systematically examines the transformative p...The recovery of precious metals(PMs)from secondary resources is critical for addressing global supply-chain vulnerabilities and sustainable resource utilization.This review systematically examines the transformative potential of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as next-generation adsorbents for PM recovery,focusing on their synthesis,functionalization,and multiscale adsorption mechanisms.We critically analyze conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods and highlight their limitations in terms of selectivity,energy consumption,and secondary pollution.In contrast,MOFs offer tunable porosity,abundant active sites,and tunable surface chemistry,enabling efficient PM capture via synergistic physical and chemical adsorption.Advanced modification techniques,including direct synthesis and post-synthetic modification,are reviewed to propose strategies for enhancing the adsorption kinetics and selectivity for Au,Ag,Pt,and Pd.Key structure-property relationships are established through multiscale characterization and thermodynamic models,revealing the critical roles of hierarchical porosity,soft donor atoms,and framework stability.Industrial challenges,such as aqueous stability and scalability,are addressed via Zr-O bond strengthening,hydrophobic functionalization,and support immobilization.This study consolidates the experimental and theoretical advances in MOF-based PM recovery and provides a roadmap for translating laboratory innovations into practical applications within the circular-economy framework.展开更多
The practical deployment of lithium metal batteries remains severely constrained,especially under elevated temperatures.Although metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)improve the thermal stability of liquid electrolytes by ca...The practical deployment of lithium metal batteries remains severely constrained,especially under elevated temperatures.Although metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)improve the thermal stability of liquid electrolytes by capturing them in well-ordered sub-nanopores,interparticle voids between MOF particles readily absorb liquid electrolyte,obscuring our understanding of the intrinsic role of nanopores in directing Li^(+)transport.To address this challenge,we introduce a one-dimensional(1D)MOF model architecture that eliminates interparticle effects and enables direct observation of Li^(+)solvation and de-solvation dynamics.Comparative studies of 1D HKUST-1 and ZIF-8 uncover distinct transport behaviors,supported by both experimental measurements and neural network potential-based molecular dynamics simulations.Building on these insights,we construct a hierarchical core-shell MOF architecture by integrating ZIF-8(core)and HKUST-1(shell)onto a hybrid fiber scaffold.This design harnesses the complementary strengths of both MOFs to achieve continuous ion pathways,directional Li^(+)conduction,and improved thermal and electrochemical resilience.展开更多
Anode-free lithium-metal batteries(AFLMBs)offer high energy density.However,lithium dendrite growth and interfacial instability remain critical obstacles to their commercialization.Here,lithiophilic nanosized(∼5 nm)L...Anode-free lithium-metal batteries(AFLMBs)offer high energy density.However,lithium dendrite growth and interfacial instability remain critical obstacles to their commercialization.Here,lithiophilic nanosized(∼5 nm)LixSn combined with an inorganic-rich@polymer dual-layer structure was constructed on a Cu current collector,prepared via a galvanostatic process using a dual-lithium salt electrolyte in a Cu||Cu configuration.The polymer outer layer,initiated by LixSn,reinforces the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),providing mechanical robustness and enabling stable cycling in an ether-based electrolyte.Furthermore,the Sn and LixSn particle sizes can be effectively tuned by adjusting the galvanostatic discharge current.The nanosized LixSn significantly lowers the nucleation overpotential and creates abundant lithiophilic nucleation sites,resulting in uniform,dense Li plating/stripping.The modified Cu collector demonstrates superior performance in ether-based electrolytes,achieving over 92%capacity retention after 100 cycles at a current density of 1.5 mA cm^(−2)and an area capacity of 1.1 mAh cm^(−2).This work provides a simple,eco-friendly,and scalable approach for fabricating high-performance anode-free current collectors for AFLMBs.展开更多
(2E,6E)-4-methyl-2,6-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)cyclohexan-1-one(L_(1))and 4-methyl-2,6-bis[(E)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzylidene]cyclohexan-1-one(L_(2))were synthesized and combined with isophthalic acid(H_(2)IP),then under...(2E,6E)-4-methyl-2,6-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)cyclohexan-1-one(L_(1))and 4-methyl-2,6-bis[(E)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzylidene]cyclohexan-1-one(L_(2))were synthesized and combined with isophthalic acid(H_(2)IP),then under solvothermal conditions,to react with transition metals achieving four novel metal-organic frameworks(MOFs):[Zn(IP)(L_(1))]_(n)(1),{[Cd(IP)(L_(1))]·H_(2)O}_(n)(2),{[Co(IP)(L_(1))]·H_(2)O}_(n)(3),and[Zn(IP)(L_(2))(H_(2)O)]_(n)(4).MOFs 1-4 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetry,and elemental analysis.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that MOF 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P2_(1)/n,and MOFs 2-4 belong to the triclinic system with the P1 space group.1-3 are 2D sheet structures,2 and 3 have similar structural characters,whereas 4 is a 1D chain structure.Furthermore,1-3 exhibited certain photocatalytic capability in the degradation of rhodamine B(Rh B)and pararosaniline hydrochloride(PH).4could be used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction starting with benzaldehyde derivative and malononitrile.4 could promote the reaction to achieve corresponding products in moderate yields within 3 h.Moreover,the catalyst exhibited recyclability for up to three cycles without significantly dropping its activity.A mechanism for MOF 4 catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation reaction of aromatic aldehyde and malononitrile has been initially proposed.CCDC:2356488,1;2356497,2;2356499,3;2356498,4.展开更多
Sulfur-doped iron-cobalt tannate nanorods(S-FeCoTA)derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as electrocatalysts were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method.The optimized S-FeCoTA was interlaced by loose nano...Sulfur-doped iron-cobalt tannate nanorods(S-FeCoTA)derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as electrocatalysts were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method.The optimized S-FeCoTA was interlaced by loose nanorods,which had many voids.The S-FeCoTA catalysts exhibited excellent electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance with a low overpotential of 273 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)and a small Tafel slope of 36 mV·dec^(-1)in 1 mol·L^(-1)KOH.The potential remained at 1.48 V(vs RHE)at 10 mA·cm^(-2)under continuous testing for 15 h,implying that S-FeCoTA had good stability.The Faraday efficiency of S-FeCoTA was 94%.The outstanding OER activity of S-FeCoTA is attributed to the synergistic effects among S,Fe,and Co,thus promoting electron transfer,reducing the reaction kinetic barrier,and enhancing the OER performance.展开更多
Fluorinated gases(F-gases)play a vital role in the chemical industry and in the fields of air conditioning,refrigeration,health care,and organic synthesis.However,the direct emission of waste gases containing F-gases ...Fluorinated gases(F-gases)play a vital role in the chemical industry and in the fields of air conditioning,refrigeration,health care,and organic synthesis.However,the direct emission of waste gases containing F-gases into the atmosphere contributes to greenhouse effects and generates toxic substances.Developing porous materials for the energy-efficient capture,separation,and recovery of F-gases is highly desired.Recently,as a highly designable porous adsorbents,metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)exhibit excellent selective sorption performance toward F-gases,especially for the recognition and separation of different F-gases with highly similar properties,showing their great potential in F-gases control and recovery.In this review,we discuss the capture and separation of F-gases and their azeotropic,near-azeotropic,and isomeric mixtures in various application scenarios by MOFs,specifically classify and analyze molecular interaction between F-gases and MOFs,and interpret the mechanisms underlying their high performance regarding both adsorption capacity and selectivity,providing a repertoire for future materials design.Challenges faced in the transformation research roadmap of MOFs adsorbent separation technologies toward F-gases are also discussed,and areas for future research endeavors are highlighted.展开更多
Coating microdefects and localized corrosion in coating/metal system are inevitable,accelerating the degradation of metal infrastructure.Early evaluating coating microdefects and detecting corrosion sites are urgent y...Coating microdefects and localized corrosion in coating/metal system are inevitable,accelerating the degradation of metal infrastructure.Early evaluating coating microdefects and detecting corrosion sites are urgent yet remain challenge to achieve.Herein,we propose a robust,universal and efficient fluorescence-based strategy for hierarchical warning of coating damage and metal corrosion by introducing the concepts of damage-induced fluorescence enhancement effect(DIE)and ionic-recognition induced quenching effect(RIQ).The coatings with dualresponsiveness for coating defect and steel corrosion are constructed by incorporating synthesized nanoprobes composed of metal organic frameworks(Ni–Zn-MOFs)loaded with Rhodamine B(RhB@MOFs).The initial damage to the coating causes an immediate intensification of fluorescence,while the specific ionic-recognition characteristic of RhB with Fe3t results in an evident fluorescence quenching,enabling the detection of coating damage and corrosion.Importantly,this nanoprobes are insensitive to the coating matrix and exhibit stable corrosion warning capability across various coating systems.Meanwhile,electrochemical investigations indicate that the impedance values of RM/EP maintain above 10^(8)Ωcm^(2)even after 60 days of immersion.Therefore,the incorporation of fluorescent nanoprobes greatly inhibits the intrusion of electrolytes into polymer and improves the corrosion protection performance of the coating.This powerful strategy towards dual-level damage warning provides insights for the development of long-term smart protective materials.展开更多
Along with decrease of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))concentration in recent years in China,secondary species become increasingly important.This work focuses on characterizing secondary components,and a few importa...Along with decrease of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))concentration in recent years in China,secondary species become increasingly important.This work focuses on characterizing secondary components,and a few important groups of organics including organic nitrogen(ON),organonitrates(OrgN),organosulfates(OS)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),via online measurement of submicron aerosols(PM_(1))in Nanjing,China,during 2022 summer.The average PM_(1) concentration was 15.39μg/m^(3),dominated by secondary components(69.1%),which were even more important at higher PM_(1) levels.The primary organic aerosols(POA)were from traffic,industry and cooking;the two secondary OA factors were both closely linked with photochemistry,with one(OOA1)being relatively fresh and important in early afternoon and another(OOA2)being aged and important in late afternoon.Sulfate formation was also governed by photochemistry but resembled that of OOA2 not OOA1;nitrate formation was associated strongly with heterogeneous hydrolysis and thermodynamic equilibrium.Results also reveal a possible photochemical reaction channel from POA to OOA1,then to OOA2.Case studies show that formations of secondary components responded differently to different weather conditions and governed summer PM_(1) pollution.The average ON,OrgN,OS and PAHs concentrations were determined to be 122.8,84.4,45.6 and 3.3 ng/m^(3),respectively.ON was dominated by primary sources(53.8%).OrgN varied similarly to nitrate.OS formation was linked with aqueous-phase reactions,which were insignificant therefore its level was low.PAHs was mainly from traffic,and photochemical oxidation might be its important sink during afternoon.展开更多
Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the back...Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.展开更多
Volatile aromatic aldehydes,including benzaldehyde(BzH),4-fluorobenzaldehyde(4-F-BzH),4-isobutylbenzaldehyde(4-iBu-BzH),3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(3-CF_(3)-BzH),p-methoxybenzaldehyde(4-MeO-BzH),and o-trifluoromethy...Volatile aromatic aldehydes,including benzaldehyde(BzH),4-fluorobenzaldehyde(4-F-BzH),4-isobutylbenzaldehyde(4-iBu-BzH),3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(3-CF_(3)-BzH),p-methoxybenzaldehyde(4-MeO-BzH),and o-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(2-CF_(3)-BzH),are crucial raw materials for the synthesis of various pesticides and pharmaceuticals[1].展开更多
Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–vip property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testifie...Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–vip property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testified in a practical battery.Herein,we design and fabricate a quasi-solid-state electrolyte(QSSE)based on a POC to enable the stable operation of Li-metal batteries(LMBs).Benefiting from the ordered channels and cavity-induced anion-trapping effect of POC,the resulting POC-based QSSE exhibits a high Li+transference number of 0.67 and a high ionic conductivity of 1.25×10^(−4) S cm^(−1) with a low activation energy of 0.17 eV.These allow for homogeneous Li deposition and highly reversible Li plating/stripping for over 2000 h.As a proof of concept,the LMB assembled with POC-based QSSE demonstrates extremely stable cycling performance with 85%capacity retention after 1000 cycles.Therefore,our work demonstrates the practical applicability of POC as SSEs for LMBs and could be extended to other energy-storage systems,such as Na and K batteries.展开更多
In natural aquatic ecosystems,algal-derived organic carbon(AOC)often coexists with exogenous organic carbon(EOC).Microbial utilization of these distinct carbon sources affects carbon flux and transformation in water c...In natural aquatic ecosystems,algal-derived organic carbon(AOC)often coexists with exogenous organic carbon(EOC).Microbial utilization of these distinct carbon sources affects carbon flux and transformation in water column and algal growth.Microcystis blooms significantly increase AOC levels in water,but the microbial transformation process of Microcystis-derived AOC in the presence of EOC remain poorly understood.We conducted a simulated experiment by introducing^(13)C-sodium bicarbonate and^(13)C-glucose as substrates for indoor simulation of non-axenic Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)populations in a sealed system.The microbial transformation processes of AOC and EOC and their effects on M.aeruginosa growth were investigated.Results demonstrated that the addition of glucose accelerated M.aeruginosa growth and significantly increased their biomass.During the experiment,as the particulate organic carbon and nitrogen content increased,the concentrations of CO_(2)and N_(2)O were gradually decreased,while the concentration of CH4 were gradually increased.Significant differences were observed in the microbial processes involved in the uptake of AOC and EOC.Bacteria involved in AOC transformation throughout the growth period were dominated by Proteobacteria,Gemmatimonadota,Actinobacteriota,Bacteroidota,Acidobacteriota,and Firmicutes.The bacteria involved in EOC transformation were dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria,Armatimonadota,and Bacteroidota.Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size(LEfSe)analysis revealed Massilia and Akkermansia as biomarkers involved in AOC transformation,while Ligilactobacillus was associated with EOC transformation.These findings provide valuable insights into the effects of EOC on algae-bacteria interaction,and on the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen cycling among M.aeruginosa and its associated bacteria.展开更多
The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic...The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic N(UIN)additions neglect canopy processes and the impacts of organic N,potentially misevaluating N deposition effects.This study was conducted in a long-term N addition experiment established in a Moso bamboo forest,which included six treatments combining canopy and understory N additions with organic(urea glycine)and inorganic(NH_(4)NO_(3))forms at a rate of 50 kg N·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).Litterbags were installed for a two-year decomposition experiment and collected at quarterly intervals,together with concurrent soil sampling under litterbags at 0–10 cm depth.We aimed to examine the effects of canopy vs.understory N addition and organic vs.inorganic N form on soil POC and MAOC concentrations.Our results showed that canopy N additions significantly reduced POC(ased POC-15.9%)but did not affect MAOC(P>0.05).Conversely,understory N additions significantly incre(30.9%)and decreased MAOC(and fungal diversity(FuD),-28.9%).Canopy N additions decreased POC by enhancing peroxidase activity while understory N additions promoted POC by inhibiting litter decomposition.Additionally,understory N addition-induced soil acidification decreased soil Ca^(2+)concentration,microbial carbon use efficiency,and bacterial necromass C,as well as the release of litter water-soluble compounds,thereby inhibiting MAOC.Moreover,nitrogen forms(organic vs.inorganic)had no effect on SOC fractions.Our findings underscore that canopy and understory N addition approaches differentially regulate SOC fractions by altering litter decomposition–microbial–mineral interactions,and the understory approach may overestimate soil POC gain and MAOC loss driven by atmospheric N deposition.展开更多
Organic photovoltaics(OPVs)have achieved remarkable progress,with laboratory-scale single-junction devices now demonstrating power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)exceeding 20%.However,these efficiencies are highly depen...Organic photovoltaics(OPVs)have achieved remarkable progress,with laboratory-scale single-junction devices now demonstrating power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)exceeding 20%.However,these efficiencies are highly dependent on the thickness of the photoactive layer,which is typically around 100 nm.This sensitivity poses a challenge for industrial-scale fabrication.Achieving high PCEs in thick-film OPVs is therefore essential.This review systematically examines recent advancements in thick-film OPVs,focusing on the fundamental mechanisms that lead to efficiency loss and strategies to enhance performance.We provide a comprehensive analysis spanning the complete photovoltaic process chain:from initial exciton generation and diffusion dynamics,through dissociation mechanisms,to subsequent charge-carrier transport,balance optimization,and final collection efficiency.Particular emphasis is placed on cutting-edge solutions in molecular engineering and device architecture optimization.By synthesizing these interdisciplinary approaches and investigating the potential contributions in stability,cost,and machine learning aspects,this work establishes comprehensive guidelines for designing high-performance OPVs devices with minimal thickness dependence,ultimately aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory achievements and industrial manufacturing requirements.展开更多
To evaluate their performance,we constructed organic solar cells using PTB7/Y6 and PTB7-b-PNDI active layers,which were deposited on PET substrates coated with PEDOT:PSS.The ternary solar cells demonstrated an excelle...To evaluate their performance,we constructed organic solar cells using PTB7/Y6 and PTB7-b-PNDI active layers,which were deposited on PET substrates coated with PEDOT:PSS.The ternary solar cells demonstrated an excellent power conversion efficiency after being stretched by 38%.The stretchable organic solar cells were spin-coated on the flexible substrate.The electrodes were formed via liquid metal dropcoating.Solar cell devices based on PET/PH1000/PEDOT:PSS and PTB7:Y6:5% BCP active layer materials show better stretchability than the normal solar cells.The PTB7:Y6:5% BCP-based stretchable organic solar cell achieves a high PCE of 12.3%,and a PCE of 7.8% after stretching.Incorporating block copolymer additives improves the mechanical properties of organic solar cells,thereby enabling superior stretchability.展开更多
文摘Photocatalytic CO_(2)cycloaddition reaction presents a promising CO_(2)conversion strategy to establish carbon neutrality.Among emerging catalysts,metal‑organic frameworks(MOFs)have been regarded as paradigmshifting photocatalysts for their atomic precision in active site engineering,controllable porosity,and exceptional photochemical stability under ambient conditions.However,inherent limitations persist in conventional MOFs,including restricted solar spectrum utilization,inefficient charge carrier separation,and inadequate epoxide activation ability.Recent breakthroughs address these challenges through multiple strategies:ligand engineering,dopant incorporation,and composite construction.This review systematically maps the evolutionary trajectory of MOF‑based photocatalysts,providing mechanistic insights into structure‑activity relationships and providing insights and directions for the design of high‑performance MOF‑based photocatalysts.
文摘The residues of Al^(3+),Ga^(3+),and In^(3+)in the environment pose an increasingly serious threat to human health and ecosystems.However,their specific and rapid detection remains challenging.In this study,we present a water‑stable cadmium metal‑organic framework(Cd‑MOF)based luminescence probe,which can detect Al^(3+),Ga^(3+),and In^(3+)ions in aqueous solutions via a luminescence“turn‑on”mode.The corresponding detection limits for the Al^(3+),Ga^(3+),and In^(3+)ions were 2.31,3.06,and 2.78μmol·L^(-1),respectively.This probe operated effectively within a pH range of 3‑10 in an all‑aqueous environment.Investigations into the detection mechanism revealed that this“turn‑on”recognition is attributed to the formation of new structures upon ion interaction.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272214,52372082,52466013,52373184,and U24A20660)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.20242BAB26059,20232BAB204032,20252BAC200290,20252BEJ730349,and 20252BAC240326)Doctoral Start-Up Fund of Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University(No.2024BSQD16)。
文摘Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochemical sensors because of their limited sensitivity and selectivity.Here,we present a millimeter-scale all-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)platform that integrates dual-mode sensing with enzyme/metal-free operation for ultrasensitive biomarker monitoring.By engineering polycrystalline PEDOT:PSS channels via H_2 SO_4 post-treatment,the device achieves record-high conductivity(about(2312.0±29.9)S·cm^(–1)),maximum transconductance(about(2.82±0.12)mS),and on/off ratio(about 210.0±7.8),enabling signal amplification at low gate voltages.The dual-mode strategy combines the selectivity of electrochemistry with the sensitivity of OECTs,realizing simultaneous detection of glucose,AA,UA,and DA with clinical-level sensitivity:detection limits down to 8 nmol·L^(–1)(glucose),0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(AA),5 nmol·L^(–1)(DA),and 0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(UA).Validation using human urine samples yielded recovery rates of 94%–114%.This flexible sensing platform provides a new pathway for the development of wearable biosensors for precision diagnostics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272183)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202316)the support of the China Experience Fund and the Stephen Slavens Faculty Scholar Endowment Fund from Oregon State University。
文摘Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and the side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the Zn anodes.In this review,we discuss how inorganic interfaces impact the Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reaction and overall cell performance.The discussion is categorized based on the types of inorganic materials,including metal oxides,other metal compounds,and inorganic salts.The proposed protection mechanisms for Zn metal anodes are highlighted,with a focus on the dendrite and HER inhibition mechanisms facilitated by various inorganic materials.We also provide our perspective on the rational design of advanced interfaces to enable highly reversible Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reactions toward highly stable AZMBs,paving the way for their practical implementation in energy storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21801111)the Training Plan for Young Core Teachers in Higher Education of Henan Province (No.2021GGJS131)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No.232300421232)the Heluo Young Talent Lifting Project (No.2023HLTJ02)。
文摘Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52304329)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202201BE070001-003),Guo Lin would like to acknowledge Xing Dian talent support program of Yunnan Province.
文摘The recovery of precious metals(PMs)from secondary resources is critical for addressing global supply-chain vulnerabilities and sustainable resource utilization.This review systematically examines the transformative potential of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as next-generation adsorbents for PM recovery,focusing on their synthesis,functionalization,and multiscale adsorption mechanisms.We critically analyze conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods and highlight their limitations in terms of selectivity,energy consumption,and secondary pollution.In contrast,MOFs offer tunable porosity,abundant active sites,and tunable surface chemistry,enabling efficient PM capture via synergistic physical and chemical adsorption.Advanced modification techniques,including direct synthesis and post-synthetic modification,are reviewed to propose strategies for enhancing the adsorption kinetics and selectivity for Au,Ag,Pt,and Pd.Key structure-property relationships are established through multiscale characterization and thermodynamic models,revealing the critical roles of hierarchical porosity,soft donor atoms,and framework stability.Industrial challenges,such as aqueous stability and scalability,are addressed via Zr-O bond strengthening,hydrophobic functionalization,and support immobilization.This study consolidates the experimental and theoretical advances in MOF-based PM recovery and provides a roadmap for translating laboratory innovations into practical applications within the circular-economy framework.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00217581)supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00406724)supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2025-25430676)。
文摘The practical deployment of lithium metal batteries remains severely constrained,especially under elevated temperatures.Although metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)improve the thermal stability of liquid electrolytes by capturing them in well-ordered sub-nanopores,interparticle voids between MOF particles readily absorb liquid electrolyte,obscuring our understanding of the intrinsic role of nanopores in directing Li^(+)transport.To address this challenge,we introduce a one-dimensional(1D)MOF model architecture that eliminates interparticle effects and enables direct observation of Li^(+)solvation and de-solvation dynamics.Comparative studies of 1D HKUST-1 and ZIF-8 uncover distinct transport behaviors,supported by both experimental measurements and neural network potential-based molecular dynamics simulations.Building on these insights,we construct a hierarchical core-shell MOF architecture by integrating ZIF-8(core)and HKUST-1(shell)onto a hybrid fiber scaffold.This design harnesses the complementary strengths of both MOFs to achieve continuous ion pathways,directional Li^(+)conduction,and improved thermal and electrochemical resilience.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT)(No. 2020R1A5A1019131)supported by a Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP)grant funded by the Korean government (MOTIE)(RS-2022-KP002703, Sector coupling energy industry advancement manpower training program)+1 种基金supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (RS-2024-00469587)
文摘Anode-free lithium-metal batteries(AFLMBs)offer high energy density.However,lithium dendrite growth and interfacial instability remain critical obstacles to their commercialization.Here,lithiophilic nanosized(∼5 nm)LixSn combined with an inorganic-rich@polymer dual-layer structure was constructed on a Cu current collector,prepared via a galvanostatic process using a dual-lithium salt electrolyte in a Cu||Cu configuration.The polymer outer layer,initiated by LixSn,reinforces the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),providing mechanical robustness and enabling stable cycling in an ether-based electrolyte.Furthermore,the Sn and LixSn particle sizes can be effectively tuned by adjusting the galvanostatic discharge current.The nanosized LixSn significantly lowers the nucleation overpotential and creates abundant lithiophilic nucleation sites,resulting in uniform,dense Li plating/stripping.The modified Cu collector demonstrates superior performance in ether-based electrolytes,achieving over 92%capacity retention after 100 cycles at a current density of 1.5 mA cm^(−2)and an area capacity of 1.1 mAh cm^(−2).This work provides a simple,eco-friendly,and scalable approach for fabricating high-performance anode-free current collectors for AFLMBs.
文摘(2E,6E)-4-methyl-2,6-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)cyclohexan-1-one(L_(1))and 4-methyl-2,6-bis[(E)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzylidene]cyclohexan-1-one(L_(2))were synthesized and combined with isophthalic acid(H_(2)IP),then under solvothermal conditions,to react with transition metals achieving four novel metal-organic frameworks(MOFs):[Zn(IP)(L_(1))]_(n)(1),{[Cd(IP)(L_(1))]·H_(2)O}_(n)(2),{[Co(IP)(L_(1))]·H_(2)O}_(n)(3),and[Zn(IP)(L_(2))(H_(2)O)]_(n)(4).MOFs 1-4 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetry,and elemental analysis.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that MOF 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P2_(1)/n,and MOFs 2-4 belong to the triclinic system with the P1 space group.1-3 are 2D sheet structures,2 and 3 have similar structural characters,whereas 4 is a 1D chain structure.Furthermore,1-3 exhibited certain photocatalytic capability in the degradation of rhodamine B(Rh B)and pararosaniline hydrochloride(PH).4could be used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction starting with benzaldehyde derivative and malononitrile.4 could promote the reaction to achieve corresponding products in moderate yields within 3 h.Moreover,the catalyst exhibited recyclability for up to three cycles without significantly dropping its activity.A mechanism for MOF 4 catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation reaction of aromatic aldehyde and malononitrile has been initially proposed.CCDC:2356488,1;2356497,2;2356499,3;2356498,4.
文摘Sulfur-doped iron-cobalt tannate nanorods(S-FeCoTA)derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as electrocatalysts were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method.The optimized S-FeCoTA was interlaced by loose nanorods,which had many voids.The S-FeCoTA catalysts exhibited excellent electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance with a low overpotential of 273 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)and a small Tafel slope of 36 mV·dec^(-1)in 1 mol·L^(-1)KOH.The potential remained at 1.48 V(vs RHE)at 10 mA·cm^(-2)under continuous testing for 15 h,implying that S-FeCoTA had good stability.The Faraday efficiency of S-FeCoTA was 94%.The outstanding OER activity of S-FeCoTA is attributed to the synergistic effects among S,Fe,and Co,thus promoting electron transfer,reducing the reaction kinetic barrier,and enhancing the OER performance.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0110500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22376161,52373154,52103181)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Chinathe Interdisciplinary Project in Environmental Science and Engineering of Tongji University(2023-3-YB-02)。
文摘Fluorinated gases(F-gases)play a vital role in the chemical industry and in the fields of air conditioning,refrigeration,health care,and organic synthesis.However,the direct emission of waste gases containing F-gases into the atmosphere contributes to greenhouse effects and generates toxic substances.Developing porous materials for the energy-efficient capture,separation,and recovery of F-gases is highly desired.Recently,as a highly designable porous adsorbents,metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)exhibit excellent selective sorption performance toward F-gases,especially for the recognition and separation of different F-gases with highly similar properties,showing their great potential in F-gases control and recovery.In this review,we discuss the capture and separation of F-gases and their azeotropic,near-azeotropic,and isomeric mixtures in various application scenarios by MOFs,specifically classify and analyze molecular interaction between F-gases and MOFs,and interpret the mechanisms underlying their high performance regarding both adsorption capacity and selectivity,providing a repertoire for future materials design.Challenges faced in the transformation research roadmap of MOFs adsorbent separation technologies toward F-gases are also discussed,and areas for future research endeavors are highlighted.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201077)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QE191)+1 种基金Elite Scheme of Shandong University of Science and Technology(0104060541123)Talent introduction and Research Start-up Fund of Shandong University of Science and Technology(0104060510124).
文摘Coating microdefects and localized corrosion in coating/metal system are inevitable,accelerating the degradation of metal infrastructure.Early evaluating coating microdefects and detecting corrosion sites are urgent yet remain challenge to achieve.Herein,we propose a robust,universal and efficient fluorescence-based strategy for hierarchical warning of coating damage and metal corrosion by introducing the concepts of damage-induced fluorescence enhancement effect(DIE)and ionic-recognition induced quenching effect(RIQ).The coatings with dualresponsiveness for coating defect and steel corrosion are constructed by incorporating synthesized nanoprobes composed of metal organic frameworks(Ni–Zn-MOFs)loaded with Rhodamine B(RhB@MOFs).The initial damage to the coating causes an immediate intensification of fluorescence,while the specific ionic-recognition characteristic of RhB with Fe3t results in an evident fluorescence quenching,enabling the detection of coating damage and corrosion.Importantly,this nanoprobes are insensitive to the coating matrix and exhibit stable corrosion warning capability across various coating systems.Meanwhile,electrochemical investigations indicate that the impedance values of RM/EP maintain above 10^(8)Ωcm^(2)even after 60 days of immersion.Therefore,the incorporation of fluorescent nanoprobes greatly inhibits the intrusion of electrolytes into polymer and improves the corrosion protection performance of the coating.This powerful strategy towards dual-level damage warning provides insights for the development of long-term smart protective materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22361162668 and 42021004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3706203).
文摘Along with decrease of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))concentration in recent years in China,secondary species become increasingly important.This work focuses on characterizing secondary components,and a few important groups of organics including organic nitrogen(ON),organonitrates(OrgN),organosulfates(OS)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),via online measurement of submicron aerosols(PM_(1))in Nanjing,China,during 2022 summer.The average PM_(1) concentration was 15.39μg/m^(3),dominated by secondary components(69.1%),which were even more important at higher PM_(1) levels.The primary organic aerosols(POA)were from traffic,industry and cooking;the two secondary OA factors were both closely linked with photochemistry,with one(OOA1)being relatively fresh and important in early afternoon and another(OOA2)being aged and important in late afternoon.Sulfate formation was also governed by photochemistry but resembled that of OOA2 not OOA1;nitrate formation was associated strongly with heterogeneous hydrolysis and thermodynamic equilibrium.Results also reveal a possible photochemical reaction channel from POA to OOA1,then to OOA2.Case studies show that formations of secondary components responded differently to different weather conditions and governed summer PM_(1) pollution.The average ON,OrgN,OS and PAHs concentrations were determined to be 122.8,84.4,45.6 and 3.3 ng/m^(3),respectively.ON was dominated by primary sources(53.8%).OrgN varied similarly to nitrate.OS formation was linked with aqueous-phase reactions,which were insignificant therefore its level was low.PAHs was mainly from traffic,and photochemical oxidation might be its important sink during afternoon.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC3714200)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program,China(No.Guike AB24010074)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276099,U24A20515 and 22361162668)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240036)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_1529).
文摘Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22361031,22308260).
文摘Volatile aromatic aldehydes,including benzaldehyde(BzH),4-fluorobenzaldehyde(4-F-BzH),4-isobutylbenzaldehyde(4-iBu-BzH),3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(3-CF_(3)-BzH),p-methoxybenzaldehyde(4-MeO-BzH),and o-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(2-CF_(3)-BzH),are crucial raw materials for the synthesis of various pesticides and pharmaceuticals[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92372123)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515012057,2022B1515020005,2023B1515130004)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.202201011342).
文摘Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–vip property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testified in a practical battery.Herein,we design and fabricate a quasi-solid-state electrolyte(QSSE)based on a POC to enable the stable operation of Li-metal batteries(LMBs).Benefiting from the ordered channels and cavity-induced anion-trapping effect of POC,the resulting POC-based QSSE exhibits a high Li+transference number of 0.67 and a high ionic conductivity of 1.25×10^(−4) S cm^(−1) with a low activation energy of 0.17 eV.These allow for homogeneous Li deposition and highly reversible Li plating/stripping for over 2000 h.As a proof of concept,the LMB assembled with POC-based QSSE demonstrates extremely stable cycling performance with 85%capacity retention after 1000 cycles.Therefore,our work demonstrates the practical applicability of POC as SSEs for LMBs and could be extended to other energy-storage systems,such as Na and K batteries.
基金Supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project(No.BK20231516)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42293264,32371606,31971449)。
文摘In natural aquatic ecosystems,algal-derived organic carbon(AOC)often coexists with exogenous organic carbon(EOC).Microbial utilization of these distinct carbon sources affects carbon flux and transformation in water column and algal growth.Microcystis blooms significantly increase AOC levels in water,but the microbial transformation process of Microcystis-derived AOC in the presence of EOC remain poorly understood.We conducted a simulated experiment by introducing^(13)C-sodium bicarbonate and^(13)C-glucose as substrates for indoor simulation of non-axenic Microcystis aeruginosa(M.aeruginosa)populations in a sealed system.The microbial transformation processes of AOC and EOC and their effects on M.aeruginosa growth were investigated.Results demonstrated that the addition of glucose accelerated M.aeruginosa growth and significantly increased their biomass.During the experiment,as the particulate organic carbon and nitrogen content increased,the concentrations of CO_(2)and N_(2)O were gradually decreased,while the concentration of CH4 were gradually increased.Significant differences were observed in the microbial processes involved in the uptake of AOC and EOC.Bacteria involved in AOC transformation throughout the growth period were dominated by Proteobacteria,Gemmatimonadota,Actinobacteriota,Bacteroidota,Acidobacteriota,and Firmicutes.The bacteria involved in EOC transformation were dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria,Armatimonadota,and Bacteroidota.Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size(LEfSe)analysis revealed Massilia and Akkermansia as biomarkers involved in AOC transformation,while Ligilactobacillus was associated with EOC transformation.These findings provide valuable insights into the effects of EOC on algae-bacteria interaction,and on the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen cycling among M.aeruginosa and its associated bacteria.
文摘The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic N(UIN)additions neglect canopy processes and the impacts of organic N,potentially misevaluating N deposition effects.This study was conducted in a long-term N addition experiment established in a Moso bamboo forest,which included six treatments combining canopy and understory N additions with organic(urea glycine)and inorganic(NH_(4)NO_(3))forms at a rate of 50 kg N·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).Litterbags were installed for a two-year decomposition experiment and collected at quarterly intervals,together with concurrent soil sampling under litterbags at 0–10 cm depth.We aimed to examine the effects of canopy vs.understory N addition and organic vs.inorganic N form on soil POC and MAOC concentrations.Our results showed that canopy N additions significantly reduced POC(ased POC-15.9%)but did not affect MAOC(P>0.05).Conversely,understory N additions significantly incre(30.9%)and decreased MAOC(and fungal diversity(FuD),-28.9%).Canopy N additions decreased POC by enhancing peroxidase activity while understory N additions promoted POC by inhibiting litter decomposition.Additionally,understory N addition-induced soil acidification decreased soil Ca^(2+)concentration,microbial carbon use efficiency,and bacterial necromass C,as well as the release of litter water-soluble compounds,thereby inhibiting MAOC.Moreover,nitrogen forms(organic vs.inorganic)had no effect on SOC fractions.Our findings underscore that canopy and understory N addition approaches differentially regulate SOC fractions by altering litter decomposition–microbial–mineral interactions,and the understory approach may overestimate soil POC gain and MAOC loss driven by atmospheric N deposition.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LQ23E030002,LZ23B040001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52303226,21971049)L.Zhan acknowledges the research start-up fund from Hangzhou Normal University(4095C50222204002).
文摘Organic photovoltaics(OPVs)have achieved remarkable progress,with laboratory-scale single-junction devices now demonstrating power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)exceeding 20%.However,these efficiencies are highly dependent on the thickness of the photoactive layer,which is typically around 100 nm.This sensitivity poses a challenge for industrial-scale fabrication.Achieving high PCEs in thick-film OPVs is therefore essential.This review systematically examines recent advancements in thick-film OPVs,focusing on the fundamental mechanisms that lead to efficiency loss and strategies to enhance performance.We provide a comprehensive analysis spanning the complete photovoltaic process chain:from initial exciton generation and diffusion dynamics,through dissociation mechanisms,to subsequent charge-carrier transport,balance optimization,and final collection efficiency.Particular emphasis is placed on cutting-edge solutions in molecular engineering and device architecture optimization.By synthesizing these interdisciplinary approaches and investigating the potential contributions in stability,cost,and machine learning aspects,this work establishes comprehensive guidelines for designing high-performance OPVs devices with minimal thickness dependence,ultimately aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory achievements and industrial manufacturing requirements.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. 2019J01716)the Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology (No.2019L3008)。
文摘To evaluate their performance,we constructed organic solar cells using PTB7/Y6 and PTB7-b-PNDI active layers,which were deposited on PET substrates coated with PEDOT:PSS.The ternary solar cells demonstrated an excellent power conversion efficiency after being stretched by 38%.The stretchable organic solar cells were spin-coated on the flexible substrate.The electrodes were formed via liquid metal dropcoating.Solar cell devices based on PET/PH1000/PEDOT:PSS and PTB7:Y6:5% BCP active layer materials show better stretchability than the normal solar cells.The PTB7:Y6:5% BCP-based stretchable organic solar cell achieves a high PCE of 12.3%,and a PCE of 7.8% after stretching.Incorporating block copolymer additives improves the mechanical properties of organic solar cells,thereby enabling superior stretchability.
