NEW quality productive forces were one of the most frequently mentioned keywords for China’s high-quality development in the past year.The annual Central Economic Work Conference(CEWC)in December that reviewed the ec...NEW quality productive forces were one of the most frequently mentioned keywords for China’s high-quality development in the past year.The annual Central Economic Work Conference(CEWC)in December that reviewed the economy in 2024 and gave directions for the economic work in 2025 called for balancing fostering new growth drivers and revitalizing old ones while developing new quality productive forces based on local conditions.展开更多
The Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese Modernization,which was adopted at the third plenary session of the 20th Central C...The Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese Modernization,which was adopted at the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,mentioned the promotion of the debut economy.This is the first time the debut economy has been mentioned at the central level.According to the Central Economic Work Conference that was held earlier,it is imperative to promote consumption,and actively develop the debut economy,the ice and snow economy and the silver economy,clarifying the sectors where consumption is encouraged.The debut economy ranks first,owing to the high amount of attention gained from the central government.What is the debut economy and what are its major characteristics?展开更多
The aerospace and aviation industry has long been at the forefront of materials and processing technologies,driven by its ongoing demand for lightweight,highly reliable,and durable components.Precision manufacturing i...The aerospace and aviation industry has long been at the forefront of materials and processing technologies,driven by its ongoing demand for lightweight,highly reliable,and durable components.Precision manufacturing is a critical discipline that directly affects the performance,functionality,and safety of aircraft and aerospace vehicles.To meet the above-mentioned stringent requirements,advanced materials and cutting-edge processing technologies have evolved alongside aerospace innovations.展开更多
As an established environmental scholar once mentioned,“we do not inherit resources from the earth,we borrow them from the future”.Since 2011,the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has continued to ...As an established environmental scholar once mentioned,“we do not inherit resources from the earth,we borrow them from the future”.Since 2011,the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has continued to rise.In 2019,the annual average concentration of carbon dioxide reached 410 ppm,methane reached 1,866 ppb,and nitrous oxide reached 332 ppb.展开更多
New correlations based on group-contribution method for estimating critical properties have been proposed with con-tribution values of 67 groups.The new correlations have been examined by extensive comparison of the v...New correlations based on group-contribution method for estimating critical properties have been proposed with con-tribution values of 67 groups.The new correlations have been examined by extensive comparison of the values calculatedwith the experimental data of 275 substanees.The average percent deviations of estimation of T_c,P_c and V_c are respective-ly 0.76,2.73 and 2.50 which are lower than those estimated by the Lydersen method and the Ambrose method chosenfor eomparision.展开更多
The interaction processes between the burning plasma and the first wall in a fusion reactor are diverse:the first wall will be exposed to extreme thermal loads of up to several tens of megawatts per square meter durin...The interaction processes between the burning plasma and the first wall in a fusion reactor are diverse:the first wall will be exposed to extreme thermal loads of up to several tens of megawatts per square meter during quasistationary operation,combined with repeated intense thermal shocks(with energy densities of up to several megajoules per square meter and pulse durations on a millisecond time scale).In addition to these thermal loads,the wall will be subjected to bombardment by plasma ions and neutral particles(D,T,and He)and by energetic neutrons with energies up to 14 MeV.Hopefully,ITER will not only demonstrate that thermonuclear fusion of deuterium and tritiumis feasible inmagnetic confinement regimes;it will also act as a first test device for plasma-facingmaterials(PFMs)and plasma-facing components(PFCs)under realistic synergistic loading scenarios that cover all the above-mentioned load types.In the absence of an integrated test device,material tests are being performed primarily in specialized facilities that concentrate only on the most essential material properties.New multipurpose test facilities are now available that can also focus on more complex loading scenarios and thus help to minimize the risk of an unexpected material or component failure.Thermonuclear fusion-both with magnetic and with inertial confinement-is making great progress,and the goal of scientific break-even will be reached soon.However,to achieve that end,significant technical problems,particularly in the field of high-temperature and radiation-resistant materials,must be solved.With ITER,the first nuclear reactor that burns a deuterium–tritium plasma with a fusion power gain Q≥10 will start operation in the next decade.To guarantee safe operation of this rather sophisticated fusion device,new PFMs and PFCs that are qualified to withstand the harsh environments in such a tokamak reactor have been developed and are now entering the manufacturing stage.展开更多
In this series,thirteen cancer patientswere treated with simple GynostemmaPentaphyllum Makino(绞股蓝),and 11cases treated with the Compound prescrip-tion of Gynostemma PentaphyllumMakino,with the other 16 cases treate...In this series,thirteen cancer patientswere treated with simple GynostemmaPentaphyllum Makino(绞股蓝),and 11cases treated with the Compound prescrip-tion of Gynostemma PentaphyllumMakino,with the other 16 cases treated withthe Compound prescription of RadixAstragali seu Hedysari as controls.LTT,IgG,IgA and lgM levels were assayed be-展开更多
Solanum lycopersicum var.cerasiforme accession PI 114490 has broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial spot caused by several species of Xanthomonas.Resistance is quantitatively inherited,and a common quantitative trait ...Solanum lycopersicum var.cerasiforme accession PI 114490 has broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial spot caused by several species of Xanthomonas.Resistance is quantitatively inherited,and a common quantitative trait locus QTL-11B on chromosome 11 has been identified previously.In this study,the SlPub24 gene was characterized in QTL-11B.SlPub24 in PI 114490 was upregulated by infection with X.euvesicatoria pv.perforans race T3,but its transcription was low in the susceptible line OH 88119 whether or not it was infected by the pathogen.The differential expression of SlPub24 between PI 114490 and OH 88119 was due to great sequence variation in the promoter region.The promoter of SlPub24 in OH 88119 had very low activity and did not respond to pathogen infection.Transgenic lines of OH 88119 overexpressing SlPub24 isolated from PI 114490 showed significantly enhanced resistance,while mutants of Slpub24 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 editing showed more susceptibility to race T3 and to other races.The mutants also showed spontaneous cell death in leaves.The expression of the salicylic acid(SA)pathway gene phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and signaling-related genes pathogenesis-related(PR1)and nonexpresser of PR1(NPR1)were influenced by SlPub24.The content of SA in tomato plants was consistent with the level of SlPub24 expression.Furthermore,SlPUB24 interacted with the cell wall protein SlCWP and could regulate the degradation of SlCWP.The expression levels of SlCWP and SlCWINV1,a cell wall invertase gene,showed opposite patterns during pathogen infection.The activity of SlCWINV1 was lower in mutants than in PI 114490.The results are discussed in terms of the roles of the abovementioned genes,and a potential model for SlPUB24-mediated resistance to bacterial spot is proposed.展开更多
In this paper,the following assumptions are made:1) seismic source is a point one;2) the near-fieid.seismic waves are body ones:3) the medium of the earth is a half-space which is homogeneous and elastic.Yccording to ...In this paper,the following assumptions are made:1) seismic source is a point one;2) the near-fieid.seismic waves are body ones:3) the medium of the earth is a half-space which is homogeneous and elastic.Yccording to the above-mentioned assumptions,this paper obtains a theoretical formula to estimate S-wave incident angle by using the record of strong ground motion.During the process of calculations,the paper also presents a method of getting in-plane and inti-plane motions from the record of strong ground motion.By making use of 214 records of strong ground motion in the western America,this paper gives a statistical relation among S-wave incident angle,epicentral distance and frequency.The results show that the average value of S-wave incident angle is about 57,and has little to do with the epicentral distance.展开更多
Colloidal core/shell quantum dots(QDs) are promising for solar technologies because of their excellent optoelectronic properties including tunable light absorption/emission spectra, high photoluminescence quantum yiel...Colloidal core/shell quantum dots(QDs) are promising for solar technologies because of their excellent optoelectronic properties including tunable light absorption/emission spectra, high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY), suppressed Auger recombination, efficient charge separation/transfer, and outstanding photo-/thermal-/chemical stability. In this review, engineered core/shell QDs with various types of band structures and corresponding device performance in luminescent solar concentrators(LSCs), light-emitting diodes(LEDs), solar-driven photoelectrochemical(PEC) devices, and QDs-sensitized solar cells(QDSCs) are summarized. In particular, the applications of interfacial layer engineering and eco-friendly, heavy metal-free core/shell QDs in optoelectronic devices are highlighted. Finally, strategies towards the developments and practical perspectives of core/shell QDs are briefly mentioned to offer guidelines for achieving prospective high-efficiency and long-term stable QD devices.展开更多
Data envelopment analysis(DEA)is one of the best mathematical techniques to compute the overall performance of units with some inputs and outputs.The original DEA methods are developed to tackle the information based ...Data envelopment analysis(DEA)is one of the best mathematical techniques to compute the overall performance of units with some inputs and outputs.The original DEA methods are developed to tackle the information based on the crisp number but no ability to handle the indeterminacy,impreciseness,vagueness,inconsistent,and incompleteness information such as triangular neutrosophic numbers(TNNs).This study attempts to establish a new model of DEA,where the information on decision-making units is TNNs.Initially,the concept and features of a conventional DEA model and the comparative TNNs are discussed.Besides,some new ranking functions of TNNs are presented.Furthermore,based on the mentioned ranking functions,an algorithm for solving the new model has been established.A comparison of the new model with an existing method and other kinds of uncertainty tools has been provided.In comparison with the existing methods,the significant characteristic of the new model is that it can handle the triangular neutrosophic information simply and effectively.Finally,the implementation of this strategy for an example has been applied for various models of DEA.展开更多
As the number of published papers being retracted is increasing dramatically and is higher than ever before, the phenomenon of retraction has aroused widespread concern in the research community all over the world. It...As the number of published papers being retracted is increasing dramatically and is higher than ever before, the phenomenon of retraction has aroused widespread concern in the research community all over the world. It has been mentioned that large-scale retracted papers from China appeared in journals of major publishers(Tang, 2019). After we classified these retracted papers published between 2011 and 2021 based on their retraction reasons(1), we see that 8,594 cases are retracted because of academic misconduct. The “academic misconduct” problem has become a common issue faced by academic communities worldwide, including China.展开更多
Raphanobrassica(R^(r)R^(r)C^(r)C^(r),2n=4x=36),which is generated by distant hybridization between the maternal parent Raphanus sativus(R s R s,2n=2x=18)and the paternal parent Brassica oleracea(C°C°,2n=2x=1...Raphanobrassica(R^(r)R^(r)C^(r)C^(r),2n=4x=36),which is generated by distant hybridization between the maternal parent Raphanus sativus(R s R s,2n=2x=18)and the paternal parent Brassica oleracea(C°C°,2n=2x=18),displays intermediate silique phenotypes compared to diploid progenitors.However,the hybrid shares much more similarities in silique phenotypes with those of B.oleracea than those of R.sativus.Strikingly,the silique of Raphanobrassica is obviously split into two parts.To investigate the gene expression patterns behind these phenomena,transcriptome analysis was performed on the upper,middle,and lower sections of pods(RCsiu,RCsim,and RCsil),seeds in the upper and lower sections of siliques(RCseu and RCsel)from Raphanobrassica,whole pods(Rsi and Csi)and all seeds in the siliques(Rse and Cse)from R.sativus and B.oleracea.Transcriptome shock was observed in all five aforementioned tissues of Raphanobrassica.Genome-wide unbalanced biased expression and expression level dominance were also discovered,and both of them were toward B.oleracea in Raphanobrassica,which is consistent with the observed phenotypes.The present results reveal the global gene expression patterns of different sections of siliques of Raphanobrassica,pods,and seeds of B.oleracea and R.sativus,unraveling the tight correlation between global gene expression patterns and phenotypes of the hybrid and its parents.展开更多
This paper determined the association degree of n-BuLi and polybutadinyllithium(PBLi)by UV spec-trometry and viscometry.The experimental results of UV spectrometric analysis showed that the associationdegree of n-BuLi...This paper determined the association degree of n-BuLi and polybutadinyllithium(PBLi)by UV spec-trometry and viscometry.The experimental results of UV spectrometric analysis showed that the associationdegree of n-BuLi as well as PBLi is dependent mainly on their concentration in solutions;there may be specieswith three and two degrees of association in cyclohexane solvent respectively for n-BuLi and PBLi,i.e.the asso-ciation degree for the former is equal to 2,4 and 6;and for the latter it equals to 2 and 4.Similarly,the experi-mental results obtained by viscometric measurement showed that the average association degree N of PBLiin cyclohexane changed from 2 to 4 with increasing of its concentration in solution and decreased with addi-tion of a small amount of polar additive into the above mentioned system.Furthermore,in pure polar solvent,such as dimethoxyethane(DME),tetrahydrofuran(THF)or dioxane(DOX),PBLi is completely dissociatedinto monomeric species;however,in pure diethyl ether,due to its weak polarity a part of associated species stillcan be found.Generally speaking,all of the above results were consistent with the results of kinetic studies in-vestigated by us before.展开更多
A new mathematical model,designated as stochastic state pool model,is proposed for simulating the liquid flow andmass transfer behaviour,including the concentration profiles of liquid and gas phascs in a packed column...A new mathematical model,designated as stochastic state pool model,is proposed for simulating the liquid flow andmass transfer behaviour,including the concentration profiles of liquid and gas phascs in a packed column.Application ofthe new model is demonstrated by an example of the desorption of CO<sub>2</sub> in a packed column.展开更多
The deep water ( 1000-3000 m) circulation in the area east of Taiwan and the Philippines has been little studied . Moriyasu (1972) and Reid (1981) discussed the 3000 db surface (3000/1200 db ) and 2000 db surface (200...The deep water ( 1000-3000 m) circulation in the area east of Taiwan and the Philippines has been little studied . Moriyasu (1972) and Reid (1981) discussed the 3000 db surface (3000/1200 db ) and 2000 db surface (2000/3500 db ) circulations of the Philippine Sea Basin .respectively . They both showed that there may be a northward current close to the western margin of the Sea Basin . Recent analyses of two sets of deep sea hydrographic data yielded quite different results, i. e ., at deep waters in the area east of Taiwan and the Philippines southward countercurrents flow under the upper northward currents .The possible causative mechanism of these southward deep countercurrents is the blocking effects of the submarine ridge east of Suao and of the Ryukyu Islands Shelf on the northward flowing upper currents .The above-mentioned preliminary deductions were wholely based on consideration of the relative geostrophic current and calculation, though the reference surface (3500 db ) was very deep . It is展开更多
One of the efficient approaches used on calculating the generation and dissipation of seismic pore pres-sure in saturated soil mass is based on coupling the formulations of Terzaghi’s theory wity a seismic porepressu...One of the efficient approaches used on calculating the generation and dissipation of seismic pore pres-sure in saturated soil mass is based on coupling the formulations of Terzaghi’s theory wity a seismic porepressure generation model in undrained condition. To solve this coupled equation for practical problems,most researchers employ essentially numerical methods such as finite elements. While these methods are in-dispensable for arbitrary geometries and soil inhomogeneities, analytical solutions are still desirable whichenhance physical understanding of the essentials and halp the development of efficient and accurate numeri-cal methods [1-4].展开更多
A nonlinear fluid description for the parameter processes has been derived.The linear instability analyses about three wave mixing process ω_(0)→ω_(s1)→ω_(s2) and four wave scattering process ω_(0)→ω_(s)+ω_(p...A nonlinear fluid description for the parameter processes has been derived.The linear instability analyses about three wave mixing process ω_(0)→ω_(s1)→ω_(s2) and four wave scattering process ω_(0)→ω_(s)+ω_(p1)+ω_(p2) have been made.Correspondent backward or side scattering light waves emitted from mentioned processes may provide valuable information for the diagnostic of plasma parameters.展开更多
文摘NEW quality productive forces were one of the most frequently mentioned keywords for China’s high-quality development in the past year.The annual Central Economic Work Conference(CEWC)in December that reviewed the economy in 2024 and gave directions for the economic work in 2025 called for balancing fostering new growth drivers and revitalizing old ones while developing new quality productive forces based on local conditions.
文摘The Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese Modernization,which was adopted at the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,mentioned the promotion of the debut economy.This is the first time the debut economy has been mentioned at the central level.According to the Central Economic Work Conference that was held earlier,it is imperative to promote consumption,and actively develop the debut economy,the ice and snow economy and the silver economy,clarifying the sectors where consumption is encouraged.The debut economy ranks first,owing to the high amount of attention gained from the central government.What is the debut economy and what are its major characteristics?
文摘The aerospace and aviation industry has long been at the forefront of materials and processing technologies,driven by its ongoing demand for lightweight,highly reliable,and durable components.Precision manufacturing is a critical discipline that directly affects the performance,functionality,and safety of aircraft and aerospace vehicles.To meet the above-mentioned stringent requirements,advanced materials and cutting-edge processing technologies have evolved alongside aerospace innovations.
文摘As an established environmental scholar once mentioned,“we do not inherit resources from the earth,we borrow them from the future”.Since 2011,the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has continued to rise.In 2019,the annual average concentration of carbon dioxide reached 410 ppm,methane reached 1,866 ppb,and nitrous oxide reached 332 ppb.
文摘New correlations based on group-contribution method for estimating critical properties have been proposed with con-tribution values of 67 groups.The new correlations have been examined by extensive comparison of the values calculatedwith the experimental data of 275 substanees.The average percent deviations of estimation of T_c,P_c and V_c are respective-ly 0.76,2.73 and 2.50 which are lower than those estimated by the Lydersen method and the Ambrose method chosenfor eomparision.
文摘The interaction processes between the burning plasma and the first wall in a fusion reactor are diverse:the first wall will be exposed to extreme thermal loads of up to several tens of megawatts per square meter during quasistationary operation,combined with repeated intense thermal shocks(with energy densities of up to several megajoules per square meter and pulse durations on a millisecond time scale).In addition to these thermal loads,the wall will be subjected to bombardment by plasma ions and neutral particles(D,T,and He)and by energetic neutrons with energies up to 14 MeV.Hopefully,ITER will not only demonstrate that thermonuclear fusion of deuterium and tritiumis feasible inmagnetic confinement regimes;it will also act as a first test device for plasma-facingmaterials(PFMs)and plasma-facing components(PFCs)under realistic synergistic loading scenarios that cover all the above-mentioned load types.In the absence of an integrated test device,material tests are being performed primarily in specialized facilities that concentrate only on the most essential material properties.New multipurpose test facilities are now available that can also focus on more complex loading scenarios and thus help to minimize the risk of an unexpected material or component failure.Thermonuclear fusion-both with magnetic and with inertial confinement-is making great progress,and the goal of scientific break-even will be reached soon.However,to achieve that end,significant technical problems,particularly in the field of high-temperature and radiation-resistant materials,must be solved.With ITER,the first nuclear reactor that burns a deuterium–tritium plasma with a fusion power gain Q≥10 will start operation in the next decade.To guarantee safe operation of this rather sophisticated fusion device,new PFMs and PFCs that are qualified to withstand the harsh environments in such a tokamak reactor have been developed and are now entering the manufacturing stage.
文摘In this series,thirteen cancer patientswere treated with simple GynostemmaPentaphyllum Makino(绞股蓝),and 11cases treated with the Compound prescrip-tion of Gynostemma PentaphyllumMakino,with the other 16 cases treated withthe Compound prescription of RadixAstragali seu Hedysari as controls.LTT,IgG,IgA and lgM levels were assayed be-
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0101007)the Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000032).
文摘Solanum lycopersicum var.cerasiforme accession PI 114490 has broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial spot caused by several species of Xanthomonas.Resistance is quantitatively inherited,and a common quantitative trait locus QTL-11B on chromosome 11 has been identified previously.In this study,the SlPub24 gene was characterized in QTL-11B.SlPub24 in PI 114490 was upregulated by infection with X.euvesicatoria pv.perforans race T3,but its transcription was low in the susceptible line OH 88119 whether or not it was infected by the pathogen.The differential expression of SlPub24 between PI 114490 and OH 88119 was due to great sequence variation in the promoter region.The promoter of SlPub24 in OH 88119 had very low activity and did not respond to pathogen infection.Transgenic lines of OH 88119 overexpressing SlPub24 isolated from PI 114490 showed significantly enhanced resistance,while mutants of Slpub24 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 editing showed more susceptibility to race T3 and to other races.The mutants also showed spontaneous cell death in leaves.The expression of the salicylic acid(SA)pathway gene phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and signaling-related genes pathogenesis-related(PR1)and nonexpresser of PR1(NPR1)were influenced by SlPub24.The content of SA in tomato plants was consistent with the level of SlPub24 expression.Furthermore,SlPUB24 interacted with the cell wall protein SlCWP and could regulate the degradation of SlCWP.The expression levels of SlCWP and SlCWINV1,a cell wall invertase gene,showed opposite patterns during pathogen infection.The activity of SlCWINV1 was lower in mutants than in PI 114490.The results are discussed in terms of the roles of the abovementioned genes,and a potential model for SlPUB24-mediated resistance to bacterial spot is proposed.
基金the Joint Earthquake Science Foundation of China
文摘In this paper,the following assumptions are made:1) seismic source is a point one;2) the near-fieid.seismic waves are body ones:3) the medium of the earth is a half-space which is homogeneous and elastic.Yccording to the above-mentioned assumptions,this paper obtains a theoretical formula to estimate S-wave incident angle by using the record of strong ground motion.During the process of calculations,the paper also presents a method of getting in-plane and inti-plane motions from the record of strong ground motion.By making use of 214 records of strong ground motion in the western America,this paper gives a statistical relation among S-wave incident angle,epicentral distance and frequency.The results show that the average value of S-wave incident angle is about 57,and has little to do with the epicentral distance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2019YFB2203400the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shared Research Facilities of Electromagnetic Wave and Matter Interaction under Grant.No.Y0301901290100201。
文摘Colloidal core/shell quantum dots(QDs) are promising for solar technologies because of their excellent optoelectronic properties including tunable light absorption/emission spectra, high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY), suppressed Auger recombination, efficient charge separation/transfer, and outstanding photo-/thermal-/chemical stability. In this review, engineered core/shell QDs with various types of band structures and corresponding device performance in luminescent solar concentrators(LSCs), light-emitting diodes(LEDs), solar-driven photoelectrochemical(PEC) devices, and QDs-sensitized solar cells(QDSCs) are summarized. In particular, the applications of interfacial layer engineering and eco-friendly, heavy metal-free core/shell QDs in optoelectronic devices are highlighted. Finally, strategies towards the developments and practical perspectives of core/shell QDs are briefly mentioned to offer guidelines for achieving prospective high-efficiency and long-term stable QD devices.
文摘Data envelopment analysis(DEA)is one of the best mathematical techniques to compute the overall performance of units with some inputs and outputs.The original DEA methods are developed to tackle the information based on the crisp number but no ability to handle the indeterminacy,impreciseness,vagueness,inconsistent,and incompleteness information such as triangular neutrosophic numbers(TNNs).This study attempts to establish a new model of DEA,where the information on decision-making units is TNNs.Initially,the concept and features of a conventional DEA model and the comparative TNNs are discussed.Besides,some new ranking functions of TNNs are presented.Furthermore,based on the mentioned ranking functions,an algorithm for solving the new model has been established.A comparison of the new model with an existing method and other kinds of uncertainty tools has been provided.In comparison with the existing methods,the significant characteristic of the new model is that it can handle the triangular neutrosophic information simply and effectively.Finally,the implementation of this strategy for an example has been applied for various models of DEA.
文摘As the number of published papers being retracted is increasing dramatically and is higher than ever before, the phenomenon of retraction has aroused widespread concern in the research community all over the world. It has been mentioned that large-scale retracted papers from China appeared in journals of major publishers(Tang, 2019). After we classified these retracted papers published between 2011 and 2021 based on their retraction reasons(1), we see that 8,594 cases are retracted because of academic misconduct. The “academic misconduct” problem has become a common issue faced by academic communities worldwide, including China.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31540083).
文摘Raphanobrassica(R^(r)R^(r)C^(r)C^(r),2n=4x=36),which is generated by distant hybridization between the maternal parent Raphanus sativus(R s R s,2n=2x=18)and the paternal parent Brassica oleracea(C°C°,2n=2x=18),displays intermediate silique phenotypes compared to diploid progenitors.However,the hybrid shares much more similarities in silique phenotypes with those of B.oleracea than those of R.sativus.Strikingly,the silique of Raphanobrassica is obviously split into two parts.To investigate the gene expression patterns behind these phenomena,transcriptome analysis was performed on the upper,middle,and lower sections of pods(RCsiu,RCsim,and RCsil),seeds in the upper and lower sections of siliques(RCseu and RCsel)from Raphanobrassica,whole pods(Rsi and Csi)and all seeds in the siliques(Rse and Cse)from R.sativus and B.oleracea.Transcriptome shock was observed in all five aforementioned tissues of Raphanobrassica.Genome-wide unbalanced biased expression and expression level dominance were also discovered,and both of them were toward B.oleracea in Raphanobrassica,which is consistent with the observed phenotypes.The present results reveal the global gene expression patterns of different sections of siliques of Raphanobrassica,pods,and seeds of B.oleracea and R.sativus,unraveling the tight correlation between global gene expression patterns and phenotypes of the hybrid and its parents.
文摘This paper determined the association degree of n-BuLi and polybutadinyllithium(PBLi)by UV spec-trometry and viscometry.The experimental results of UV spectrometric analysis showed that the associationdegree of n-BuLi as well as PBLi is dependent mainly on their concentration in solutions;there may be specieswith three and two degrees of association in cyclohexane solvent respectively for n-BuLi and PBLi,i.e.the asso-ciation degree for the former is equal to 2,4 and 6;and for the latter it equals to 2 and 4.Similarly,the experi-mental results obtained by viscometric measurement showed that the average association degree N of PBLiin cyclohexane changed from 2 to 4 with increasing of its concentration in solution and decreased with addi-tion of a small amount of polar additive into the above mentioned system.Furthermore,in pure polar solvent,such as dimethoxyethane(DME),tetrahydrofuran(THF)or dioxane(DOX),PBLi is completely dissociatedinto monomeric species;however,in pure diethyl ether,due to its weak polarity a part of associated species stillcan be found.Generally speaking,all of the above results were consistent with the results of kinetic studies in-vestigated by us before.
文摘A new mathematical model,designated as stochastic state pool model,is proposed for simulating the liquid flow andmass transfer behaviour,including the concentration profiles of liquid and gas phascs in a packed column.Application ofthe new model is demonstrated by an example of the desorption of CO<sub>2</sub> in a packed column.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The deep water ( 1000-3000 m) circulation in the area east of Taiwan and the Philippines has been little studied . Moriyasu (1972) and Reid (1981) discussed the 3000 db surface (3000/1200 db ) and 2000 db surface (2000/3500 db ) circulations of the Philippine Sea Basin .respectively . They both showed that there may be a northward current close to the western margin of the Sea Basin . Recent analyses of two sets of deep sea hydrographic data yielded quite different results, i. e ., at deep waters in the area east of Taiwan and the Philippines southward countercurrents flow under the upper northward currents .The possible causative mechanism of these southward deep countercurrents is the blocking effects of the submarine ridge east of Suao and of the Ryukyu Islands Shelf on the northward flowing upper currents .The above-mentioned preliminary deductions were wholely based on consideration of the relative geostrophic current and calculation, though the reference surface (3500 db ) was very deep . It is
文摘One of the efficient approaches used on calculating the generation and dissipation of seismic pore pres-sure in saturated soil mass is based on coupling the formulations of Terzaghi’s theory wity a seismic porepressure generation model in undrained condition. To solve this coupled equation for practical problems,most researchers employ essentially numerical methods such as finite elements. While these methods are in-dispensable for arbitrary geometries and soil inhomogeneities, analytical solutions are still desirable whichenhance physical understanding of the essentials and halp the development of efficient and accurate numeri-cal methods [1-4].
文摘A nonlinear fluid description for the parameter processes has been derived.The linear instability analyses about three wave mixing process ω_(0)→ω_(s1)→ω_(s2) and four wave scattering process ω_(0)→ω_(s)+ω_(p1)+ω_(p2) have been made.Correspondent backward or side scattering light waves emitted from mentioned processes may provide valuable information for the diagnostic of plasma parameters.
