As a typical in-memory computing hardware design, nonvolatile ternary content-addressable memories(TCAMs) enable the logic operation and data storage for high throughout in parallel big data processing. However,TCAM c...As a typical in-memory computing hardware design, nonvolatile ternary content-addressable memories(TCAMs) enable the logic operation and data storage for high throughout in parallel big data processing. However,TCAM cells based on conventional silicon-based devices suffer from structural complexity and large footprintlimitations. Here, we demonstrate an ultrafast nonvolatile TCAM cell based on the MoTe2/hBN/multilayergraphene (MLG) van der Waals heterostructure using a top-gated partial floating-gate field-effect transistor(PFGFET) architecture. Based on its ambipolar transport properties, the carrier type in the source/drain andcentral channel regions of the MoTe2 channel can be efficiently tuned by the control gate and top gate, respectively,enabling the reconfigurable operation of the device in either memory or FET mode. When working inthe memory mode, it achieves an ultrafast 60 ns programming/erase speed with a current on-off ratio of ∼105,excellent retention capability, and robust endurance. When serving as a reconfigurable transistor, unipolar p-typeand n-type FETs are obtained by adopting ultrafast 60 ns control-gate voltage pulses with different polarities.The monolithic integration of memory and logic within a single device enables the content-addressable memory(CAM) functionality. Finally, by integrating two PFGFETs in parallel, a TCAM cell with a high current ratioof ∼10^(5) between the match and mismatch states is achieved without requiring additional peripheral circuitry.These results provide a promising route for the design of high-performance TCAM devices for future in-memorycomputing applications.展开更多
Working memory is a core cognitive function that supports goal-directed behavior and complex thought.We developed a spatial working memory and attention test on paired symbols(SWAPS)which has been proved to be a usefu...Working memory is a core cognitive function that supports goal-directed behavior and complex thought.We developed a spatial working memory and attention test on paired symbols(SWAPS)which has been proved to be a useful and valid tool for spatial working memory and attention studies in the fields of cognitive psychology,education,and psychiatry.The repeated administration of working memory capacity tests is common in clinical and research settings.Studies suggest that repeated cognitive tests may improve the performance scores also known as retest effects.The systematic investigation of retest effects in SWAPS is critical for interpreting scientific results,but it is still not fully developed.To address this,we recruited 77 college students aged 18–21 years and used SWAPS comprising 72 trials with different memory loads,learning time,and delay span.We repeated the test once a week for five weeks to investigate the retest effects of SWAPS.There were significant retest effects in the first two tests:the accuracy of the SWAPS tests significantly increased,and then stabilized.These findings provide useful information for researchers to appropriately use or interpret the repeated working memory tests.Further experiments are still needed to clarify the factors that mediate the retest effects,and find out the cognitive mechanism that influences the retest effects.展开更多
Memory deficit,which is often associated with aging and many psychiatric,neurological,and neurodegenerative diseases,has been a challenging issue for treatment.Up till now,all potential drug candidates have failed to ...Memory deficit,which is often associated with aging and many psychiatric,neurological,and neurodegenerative diseases,has been a challenging issue for treatment.Up till now,all potential drug candidates have failed to produce satisfa ctory effects.Therefore,in the search for a solution,we found that a treatment with the gene corresponding to the RGS14414protein in visual area V2,a brain area connected with brain circuits of the ventral stream and the medial temporal lobe,which is crucial for object recognition memory(ORM),can induce enhancement of ORM.In this study,we demonstrated that the same treatment with RGS14414in visual area V2,which is relatively unaffected in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s disease,produced longlasting enhancement of ORM in young animals and prevent ORM deficits in rodent models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease.Furthermore,we found that the prevention of memory deficits was mediated through the upregulation of neuronal arbo rization and spine density,as well as an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).A knockdown of BDNF gene in RGS14414-treated aging rats and Alzheimer s disease model mice caused complete loss in the upregulation of neuronal structural plasticity and in the prevention of ORM deficits.These findings suggest that BDNF-mediated neuronal structural plasticity in area V2 is crucial in the prevention of memory deficits in RGS14414-treated rodent models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease.Therefore,our findings of RGS14414gene-mediated activation of neuronal circuits in visual area V2 have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of memory deficits.展开更多
This study investigates the application of Learnable Memory Vision Transformers(LMViT)for detecting metal surface flaws,comparing their performance with traditional CNNs,specifically ResNet18 and ResNet50,as well as o...This study investigates the application of Learnable Memory Vision Transformers(LMViT)for detecting metal surface flaws,comparing their performance with traditional CNNs,specifically ResNet18 and ResNet50,as well as other transformer-based models including Token to Token ViT,ViT withoutmemory,and Parallel ViT.Leveraging awidely-used steel surface defect dataset,the research applies data augmentation and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)to enhance feature extraction and understanding.These techniques mitigated overfitting,stabilized training,and improved generalization capabilities.The LMViT model achieved a test accuracy of 97.22%,significantly outperforming ResNet18(88.89%)and ResNet50(88.90%),aswell as the Token to TokenViT(88.46%),ViT without memory(87.18),and Parallel ViT(91.03%).Furthermore,LMViT exhibited superior training and validation performance,attaining a validation accuracy of 98.2%compared to 91.0%for ResNet 18,96.0%for ResNet50,and 89.12%,87.51%,and 91.21%for Token to Token ViT,ViT without memory,and Parallel ViT,respectively.The findings highlight the LMViT’s ability to capture long-range dependencies in images,an areawhere CNNs struggle due to their reliance on local receptive fields and hierarchical feature extraction.The additional transformer-based models also demonstrate improved performance in capturing complex features over CNNs,with LMViT excelling particularly at detecting subtle and complex defects,which is critical for maintaining product quality and operational efficiency in industrial applications.For instance,the LMViT model successfully identified fine scratches and minor surface irregularities that CNNs often misclassify.This study not only demonstrates LMViT’s potential for real-world defect detection but also underscores the promise of other transformer-based architectures like Token to Token ViT,ViT without memory,and Parallel ViT in industrial scenarios where complex spatial relationships are key.Future research may focus on enhancing LMViT’s computational efficiency for deployment in real-time quality control systems.展开更多
At the beginning of the 20^(th)century,German scientist Richard Semon introduced the term'engram'to describe the neural substrate implicated in the processes of memory formation and retrieval[1].The trace of t...At the beginning of the 20^(th)century,German scientist Richard Semon introduced the term'engram'to describe the neural substrate implicated in the processes of memory formation and retrieval[1].The trace of the corresponding biophysical and biochemical changes in the brain responding to an external stimulus is called an engram,and understanding the physical manifestations of memory formation and recall remains a fundamental yet unresolved question[2].展开更多
The active development of space industry necessitates the cre-ation of novel materials with unique properties,including shape memory alloys(SMAs).The development of ultra-high temperature SMAs(UHTSMAs)with operating t...The active development of space industry necessitates the cre-ation of novel materials with unique properties,including shape memory alloys(SMAs).The development of ultra-high temperature SMAs(UHTSMAs)with operating temperatures above 400℃is a significant challenge[1-3].It is known that reversible thermoelas-tic martensitic transformation(MT)is the basis for shape mem-ory behavior[4].Currently,there are several systems in which MT temperatures meet the above requirements,for example,RuNb[5],HfPd[6],TiPd[7].展开更多
Shape memory alloys(SMAs)and shape memory ceramics(SMCs)exhibit high recovery ability due to the martensitic transformation,which complicates the fracture mechanism of SMAs and SMCs.The phase field method,as a powerfu...Shape memory alloys(SMAs)and shape memory ceramics(SMCs)exhibit high recovery ability due to the martensitic transformation,which complicates the fracture mechanism of SMAs and SMCs.The phase field method,as a powerful numerical simulation tool,can efficiently resolve the microstructural evolution,multi-field coupling effects,and fracture behavior of SMAs and SMCs.This review begins by presenting the fundamental theoretical framework of the fracture phase field method as applied to SMAs and SMCs,covering key aspects such as the phase field modeling of martensitic transformation and brittle fracture.Subsequently,it systematically examines the phase field simulations of fracture behaviors in SMAs and SMCs,with particular emphasis on how crystallographic orientation,grain size,and grain boundary properties influence the crack propagation.Additionally,the interplay between martensite transformation and fracture mechanisms is analyzed to provide deeper insights into the material responses under mechanical loading.Finally,the review explores future prospects and emerging trends in phase field simulations of SMA and SMC fracture behavior,along with potential advancements in the fracture phase field method itself,including multi-physics coupling and enhanced computational efficiency for large-scale simulations.展开更多
Computing-in-memory(CIM)has been a promising candidate for artificial-intelligent applications thanks to the absence of data transfer between computation and storage blocks.Resistive random access memory(RRAM)based CI...Computing-in-memory(CIM)has been a promising candidate for artificial-intelligent applications thanks to the absence of data transfer between computation and storage blocks.Resistive random access memory(RRAM)based CIM has the advantage of high computing density,non-volatility as well as high energy efficiency.However,previous CIM research has predominantly focused on realizing high energy efficiency and high area efficiency for inference,while little attention has been devoted to addressing the challenges of on-chip programming speed,power consumption,and accuracy.In this paper,a fabri-cated 28 nm 576K RRAM-based CIM macro featuring optimized on-chip programming schemes is proposed to address the issues mentioned above.Different strategies of mapping weights to RRAM arrays are compared,and a novel direct-current ADC design is designed for both programming and inference stages.Utilizing the optimized hybrid programming scheme,4.67×programming speed,0.15×power saving and 4.31×compact weight distribution are realized.Besides,this macro achieves a normalized area efficiency of 2.82 TOPS/mm2 and a normalized energy efficiency of 35.6 TOPS/W.展开更多
Photonic platforms are gradually emerging as a promising option to encounter the ever-growing demand for artificial intelligence,among which photonic time-delay reservoir computing(TDRC)is widely anticipated.While suc...Photonic platforms are gradually emerging as a promising option to encounter the ever-growing demand for artificial intelligence,among which photonic time-delay reservoir computing(TDRC)is widely anticipated.While such a computing paradigm can only employ a single photonic device as the nonlinear node for data processing,the performance highly relies on the fading memory provided by the delay feedback loop(FL),which sets a restriction on the extensibility of physical implementation,especially for highly integrated chips.Here,we present a simplified photonic scheme for more flexible parameter configurations leveraging the designed quasi-convolution coding(QC),which completely gets rid of the dependence on FL.Unlike delay-based TDRC,encoded data in QC-based RC(QRC)enables temporal feature extraction,facilitating augmented memory capabilities.Thus,our proposed QRC is enabled to deal with time-related tasks or sequential data without the implementation of FL.Furthermore,we can implement this hardware with a low-power,easily integrable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser for high-performance parallel processing.We illustrate the concept validation through simulation and experimental comparison of QRC and TDRC,wherein the simpler-structured QRC outperforms across various benchmark tasks.Our results may underscore an auspicious solution for the hardware implementation of deep neural networks.展开更多
Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D...Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.展开更多
N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A), the most prevalent and conserved RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, profoundly influences virtually all aspects of mRNA metabolism. mRNA plays crucial roles in neural stem cell genesis a...N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A), the most prevalent and conserved RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, profoundly influences virtually all aspects of mRNA metabolism. mRNA plays crucial roles in neural stem cell genesis and neural regeneration, where it is highly concentrated and actively involved in these processes. Changes in m^(6)A modification levels and the expression levels of related enzymatic proteins can lead to neurological dysfunction and contribute to the development of neurological diseases. Furthermore, the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, as well as nerve regeneration, are intimately linked to memory function and neurodegenerative diseases. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the roles of m^(6)A in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal, as well as its implications in memory and neurodegenerative diseases. m^(6)A has demonstrated divergent effects on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. These observed contradictions may arise from the time-specific nature of m^(6)A and its differential impact on neural stem cells across various stages of development. Similarly, the diverse effects of m^(6)A on distinct types of memory could be attributed to the involvement of specific brain regions in memory formation and recall. Inconsistencies in m^(6)A levels across different models of neurodegenerative disease, particularly Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, suggest that these disparities are linked to variations in the affected brain regions. Notably, the opposing changes in m^(6)A levels observed in Parkinson's disease models exposed to manganese compared to normal Parkinson's disease models further underscore the complexity of m^(6)A's role in neurodegenerative processes. The roles of m^(6)A in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal, and its implications in memory and neurodegenerative diseases, appear contradictory. These inconsistencies may be attributed to the timespecific nature of m^(6)A and its varying effects on distinct brain regions and in different environments.展开更多
Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy.Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitatio...Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy.Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after stroke.In this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral ischemia.We also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these effects.Adult mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery occlusion.We found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory function.Further analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of exercise.Agonist activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise effects.In summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.展开更多
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a seve re complication of the central nervous system that occurs after anesthesia and surgery,and has received attention for its high incidence and effect on the quality of life ...Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a seve re complication of the central nervous system that occurs after anesthesia and surgery,and has received attention for its high incidence and effect on the quality of life of patients.To date,there are no viable treatment options for postoperative cognitive dysfunction.The identification of postoperative cognitive dysfunction hub genes could provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for future research.To identify the signaling mechanisms contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction,we first conducted Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus GSE95426 dataset,which consists of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed in mouse hippocampus3 days after tibial fracture.The dataset was enriched in genes associated with the biological process"regulation of immune cells,"of which Chill was identified as a hub gene.Therefore,we investigated the contribution of chitinase-3-like protein 1 protein expression changes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of tibial fractu re surgery.Mice were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 124 hours post-surgery,and the injection groups were compared with untreated control mice for learning and memory capacities using the Y-maze and fear conditioning tests.In addition,protein expression levels of proinflammatory factors(interleukin-1βand inducible nitric oxide synthase),M2-type macrophage markers(CD206 and arginase-1),and cognition-related proteins(brain-derived neurotropic factor and phosphorylated NMDA receptor subunit NR2B)were measured in hippocampus by western blotting.Treatment with recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 prevented surgery-induced cognitive impairment,downregulated interleukin-1βand nducible nitric oxide synthase expression,and upregulated CD206,arginase-1,pNR2B,and brain-derived neurotropic factor expression compared with vehicle treatment.Intraperitoneal administration of the specific ERK inhibitor PD98059 diminished the effects of recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1.Collectively,our findings suggest that recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 ameliorates surgery-induced cognitive decline by attenuating neuroinflammation via M2 microglial polarization in the hippocampus.Therefore,recombinant chitinase-3-like protein1 may have therapeutic potential fo r postoperative cognitive dysfunction.展开更多
The distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem(DPFSP)has received increasing attention in recent years.The iterated greedy algorithm(IGA)serves as a powerful optimizer for addressing such a problem because o...The distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem(DPFSP)has received increasing attention in recent years.The iterated greedy algorithm(IGA)serves as a powerful optimizer for addressing such a problem because of its straightforward,single-solution evolution framework.However,a potential draw-back of IGA is the lack of utilization of historical information,which could lead to an imbalance between exploration and exploitation,especially in large-scale DPFSPs.As a consequence,this paper develops an IGA with memory and learning mechanisms(MLIGA)to efficiently solve the DPFSP targeted at the mini-malmakespan.InMLIGA,we incorporate a memory mechanism to make a more informed selection of the initial solution at each stage of the search,by extending,reconstructing,and reinforcing the information from previous solutions.In addition,we design a twolayer cooperative reinforcement learning approach to intelligently determine the key parameters of IGA and the operations of the memory mechanism.Meanwhile,to ensure that the experience generated by each perturbation operator is fully learned and to reduce the prior parameters of MLIGA,a probability curve-based acceptance criterion is proposed by combining a cube root function with custom rules.At last,a discrete adaptive learning rate is employed to enhance the stability of the memory and learningmechanisms.Complete ablation experiments are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the memory mechanism,and the results show that this mechanism is capable of improving the performance of IGA to a large extent.Furthermore,through comparative experiments involving MLIGA and five state-of-the-art algorithms on 720 benchmarks,we have discovered that MLI-GA demonstrates significant potential for solving large-scale DPFSPs.This indicates that MLIGA is well-suited for real-world distributed flow shop scheduling.展开更多
Hippocampal neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease.Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Exercise stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rode...Hippocampal neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease.Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Exercise stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents and improves memory and slows cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular pathways for exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improved cognition in Alzheimer’s disease are poorly understood.Recently,regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)was identified as the mediator of voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice.Here,we generated novel RGS6fl/fl;APP_(SWE) mice and used retroviral approaches to examine the impact of RGS6 deletion from dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells on voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in an amyloid-based Alzheimer’s disease mouse model.We found that voluntary running in APP_(SWE) mice restored their hippocampal cognitive impairments to that of control mice.This cognitive rescue was abolished by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells,which also abolished running-mediated increases in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was reduced in sedentary APP_(SWE) mice versus control mice,with basal adult hippocampal neurogenesis reduced by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells.RGS6 was expressed in neurons within the dentate gyrus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease with significant loss of these RGS6-expressing neurons.Thus,RGS6 mediated voluntary running-induced rescue of impaired cognition and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in APP_(SWE) mice,identifying RGS6 in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
(TiZrHf)_(50)Ni_(30)Cu_(20-x)Co_(x)(x=2,4,6,at%)high-entropy high-temperature shape memory alloys were fabricated by watercooled copper crucible in a magnetic levitation vacuum melting furnace,and the effects of Co co...(TiZrHf)_(50)Ni_(30)Cu_(20-x)Co_(x)(x=2,4,6,at%)high-entropy high-temperature shape memory alloys were fabricated by watercooled copper crucible in a magnetic levitation vacuum melting furnace,and the effects of Co content on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.The results indicate that the grain size of the alloy decreases with increasing the Co content.In the as-cast state,the alloy consists primarily of the B19′phase,with a trace of B2 phase.The fracture morphology is predominantly composed of the B19′phase,whereas the B2 phase is nearly absent.Increasing the Co content or reducing the sample dimensions(d)markedly enhance the compressive strength and ductility of the alloy.When d=2 mm,the(TiZrHf)_(50)Ni_(30)Cu_(14)Co_(6) alloy demonstrates the optimal mechanical properties,achieving a compressive strength of 2142.39±1.8 MPa and a plasticity of 17.31±0.3%.The compressive cyclic test shows that with increasing the compressive strain,the residual strain of the(TiZrHf)_(50)Ni_(30)Cu_(14)Co_(6) alloy increases while the recovery ability declines.The superelastic recovery capability of the alloy is continuously enhanced.The superelastic recovery rate increases from 1.36%to 2.12%,the residual strain rate rises from 1.79%to 5.52%,the elastic recovery rate ascends from 3.86%to 7.36%,while the total recovery rate declines from 74.48%to 63.20%.展开更多
The memory behavior in liquid crystals(LCs)that is characterized by low cost,large area,high speed,and high-density memory has evolved from a mere scientific curiosity to a technology that is being applied in a variet...The memory behavior in liquid crystals(LCs)that is characterized by low cost,large area,high speed,and high-density memory has evolved from a mere scientific curiosity to a technology that is being applied in a variety of commodities.In this study,we utilized molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))nanoflakes as the vip in a homotropic LCs host to modulate the overall memory effect of the hybrid.It was found that the MoS₂nanoflakes within the LCs host formed agglomerates,which in turn resulted in an accelerated response of the hybrids to the external electric field.However,this process also resulted in a slight decrease in the threshold voltage.Additionally,it was observed that MoS₂nanoflakes in a LCs host tend to align homeotropically under an external electric field,thereby accelerating the refreshment of the memory behavior.The incorporation of a mass fraction of 0.1%2μm MoS₂nanoflakes into the LCs host was found to significantly reduce the refreshing memory behavior in the hybrid to 94.0 s under an external voltage of 5 V.These findings illustrate the efficacy of regulating the rate of memory behavior for a variety of potential applications.展开更多
Music can make us feel all sorts of different emotions.There might be a certain song that reminds you of a time in your life-a particular day or moment.Maybe it's the song that was playing when you met your partne...Music can make us feel all sorts of different emotions.There might be a certain song that reminds you of a time in your life-a particular day or moment.Maybe it's the song that was playing when you met your partner or when you last saw your best friend.But according to new research,music may be able to do more than just bring back memories-it could even affect the way we remember the past.展开更多
Defatted hickory meal(DHM),a by-product of hickory oil production,is a protein source rich in essential amino acids.In this study,the functional properties of DHM hydrolysate(DHMH)were assessed using in vitro and in v...Defatted hickory meal(DHM),a by-product of hickory oil production,is a protein source rich in essential amino acids.In this study,the functional properties of DHM hydrolysate(DHMH)were assessed using in vitro and in vivo assays in context to its antioxidant and memory-enhancing effects.To induce memory impairment,D-galactose(D-gal)was administered to mice at a dose of 120 mg/kg body weight per day,and DHMH was orally administered at doses of 300,600,and 1000 mg/kg body weight per day for 8 weeks.DHMH treatment led to improved memory performance in D-ga-induced memory-impaired mice,as observed in the Morris water maze test.Furthermore,DHMH mitigated the accumulation of amyloidβ_(1-42)triggered by D-gal exposure.Notably,high-dose DHMH significantly reduced the elevation of pro-inflammatory markers,including tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin 1β,and interleukin 6.Additionally,DHMH prevented the decline in total superoxide dismutase activity,glutathione peroxidase activity,and glutathione levels,while reducing malondialdehyde content in D-gal-induced mice,indicative of its antioxidant properties.Moreover,DHMH treatment effectively prevented histological alterations in neurons within the hippocampal CA1 area induced by D-gal.Collectively,our findings suggest that DHMH may counteract memory dysfunctions resulting from oxidative stress injury in the brain positioning it as a potential candidate for use as a functional food.展开更多
Background:Epilepsy is a disease characterized by unprovoked seizures,and it affects around 70 million people worldwide.Standard treatment is ineffective in one third of all epilepsy patients.Temporal Lobe Epilepsy wi...Background:Epilepsy is a disease characterized by unprovoked seizures,and it affects around 70 million people worldwide.Standard treatment is ineffective in one third of all epilepsy patients.Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis(TLE-HS)is the most drug-resistant form of epilepsy,and it also impacts physical,mental,and psychological well-being of patients.Carum carvi extract has demonstrated anti-convulsant,anti-depressant,and anxiolytic properties.This study was designed to investigate if Carum carvi extract can alleviate depression and memory loss symptoms in a TLE-HS animal model.Methods:Male Sprague Dawley rats were used to create a model of TLE-HS and Carum carvi extract treatment,along with appropriate controls,was used to test the efficacy of this herbal extract in reducing the symptoms of depression and memory loss.Results:Forced swim test showed that Carum carvi extract treated TLE-HS rats resulted in significant improvement of the symptoms of depression.However,novel object recognition test showed that memory improvement did not occur.Conclusion:Depression significantly impacts the quality of life in TLE-HS patients,and this study has shown that Carum carvi extract should be explored further as an adjuvant treatment for TLE-HS patients to improve their quality of life.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Projects of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62488201)+1 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-003)the Innovation Program of Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302700)。
文摘As a typical in-memory computing hardware design, nonvolatile ternary content-addressable memories(TCAMs) enable the logic operation and data storage for high throughout in parallel big data processing. However,TCAM cells based on conventional silicon-based devices suffer from structural complexity and large footprintlimitations. Here, we demonstrate an ultrafast nonvolatile TCAM cell based on the MoTe2/hBN/multilayergraphene (MLG) van der Waals heterostructure using a top-gated partial floating-gate field-effect transistor(PFGFET) architecture. Based on its ambipolar transport properties, the carrier type in the source/drain andcentral channel regions of the MoTe2 channel can be efficiently tuned by the control gate and top gate, respectively,enabling the reconfigurable operation of the device in either memory or FET mode. When working inthe memory mode, it achieves an ultrafast 60 ns programming/erase speed with a current on-off ratio of ∼105,excellent retention capability, and robust endurance. When serving as a reconfigurable transistor, unipolar p-typeand n-type FETs are obtained by adopting ultrafast 60 ns control-gate voltage pulses with different polarities.The monolithic integration of memory and logic within a single device enables the content-addressable memory(CAM) functionality. Finally, by integrating two PFGFETs in parallel, a TCAM cell with a high current ratioof ∼10^(5) between the match and mismatch states is achieved without requiring additional peripheral circuitry.These results provide a promising route for the design of high-performance TCAM devices for future in-memorycomputing applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91632103)the Shanghai Education Commission Research and Innovation Program(No.2019-01-07-00-02-E00037)+2 种基金the Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist(No.17XD1401700)the Higher Education Disciplinary Innovation Programthe“Eastern Scholar”Project。
文摘Working memory is a core cognitive function that supports goal-directed behavior and complex thought.We developed a spatial working memory and attention test on paired symbols(SWAPS)which has been proved to be a useful and valid tool for spatial working memory and attention studies in the fields of cognitive psychology,education,and psychiatry.The repeated administration of working memory capacity tests is common in clinical and research settings.Studies suggest that repeated cognitive tests may improve the performance scores also known as retest effects.The systematic investigation of retest effects in SWAPS is critical for interpreting scientific results,but it is still not fully developed.To address this,we recruited 77 college students aged 18–21 years and used SWAPS comprising 72 trials with different memory loads,learning time,and delay span.We repeated the test once a week for five weeks to investigate the retest effects of SWAPS.There were significant retest effects in the first two tests:the accuracy of the SWAPS tests significantly increased,and then stabilized.These findings provide useful information for researchers to appropriately use or interpret the repeated working memory tests.Further experiments are still needed to clarify the factors that mediate the retest effects,and find out the cognitive mechanism that influences the retest effects.
基金supported by grants from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad(BFU2013-43458-R)Junta de Andalucia(P12-CTS-1694 and Proyexcel-00422)to ZUK。
文摘Memory deficit,which is often associated with aging and many psychiatric,neurological,and neurodegenerative diseases,has been a challenging issue for treatment.Up till now,all potential drug candidates have failed to produce satisfa ctory effects.Therefore,in the search for a solution,we found that a treatment with the gene corresponding to the RGS14414protein in visual area V2,a brain area connected with brain circuits of the ventral stream and the medial temporal lobe,which is crucial for object recognition memory(ORM),can induce enhancement of ORM.In this study,we demonstrated that the same treatment with RGS14414in visual area V2,which is relatively unaffected in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s disease,produced longlasting enhancement of ORM in young animals and prevent ORM deficits in rodent models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease.Furthermore,we found that the prevention of memory deficits was mediated through the upregulation of neuronal arbo rization and spine density,as well as an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).A knockdown of BDNF gene in RGS14414-treated aging rats and Alzheimer s disease model mice caused complete loss in the upregulation of neuronal structural plasticity and in the prevention of ORM deficits.These findings suggest that BDNF-mediated neuronal structural plasticity in area V2 is crucial in the prevention of memory deficits in RGS14414-treated rodent models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease.Therefore,our findings of RGS14414gene-mediated activation of neuronal circuits in visual area V2 have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of memory deficits.
基金funded by Woosong University Academic Research 2024.
文摘This study investigates the application of Learnable Memory Vision Transformers(LMViT)for detecting metal surface flaws,comparing their performance with traditional CNNs,specifically ResNet18 and ResNet50,as well as other transformer-based models including Token to Token ViT,ViT withoutmemory,and Parallel ViT.Leveraging awidely-used steel surface defect dataset,the research applies data augmentation and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)to enhance feature extraction and understanding.These techniques mitigated overfitting,stabilized training,and improved generalization capabilities.The LMViT model achieved a test accuracy of 97.22%,significantly outperforming ResNet18(88.89%)and ResNet50(88.90%),aswell as the Token to TokenViT(88.46%),ViT without memory(87.18),and Parallel ViT(91.03%).Furthermore,LMViT exhibited superior training and validation performance,attaining a validation accuracy of 98.2%compared to 91.0%for ResNet 18,96.0%for ResNet50,and 89.12%,87.51%,and 91.21%for Token to Token ViT,ViT without memory,and Parallel ViT,respectively.The findings highlight the LMViT’s ability to capture long-range dependencies in images,an areawhere CNNs struggle due to their reliance on local receptive fields and hierarchical feature extraction.The additional transformer-based models also demonstrate improved performance in capturing complex features over CNNs,with LMViT excelling particularly at detecting subtle and complex defects,which is critical for maintaining product quality and operational efficiency in industrial applications.For instance,the LMViT model successfully identified fine scratches and minor surface irregularities that CNNs often misclassify.This study not only demonstrates LMViT’s potential for real-world defect detection but also underscores the promise of other transformer-based architectures like Token to Token ViT,ViT without memory,and Parallel ViT in industrial scenarios where complex spatial relationships are key.Future research may focus on enhancing LMViT’s computational efficiency for deployment in real-time quality control systems.
文摘At the beginning of the 20^(th)century,German scientist Richard Semon introduced the term'engram'to describe the neural substrate implicated in the processes of memory formation and retrieval[1].The trace of the corresponding biophysical and biochemical changes in the brain responding to an external stimulus is called an engram,and understanding the physical manifestations of memory formation and recall remains a fundamental yet unresolved question[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201207 and 52271169)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(No.3072024LJ1002).
文摘The active development of space industry necessitates the cre-ation of novel materials with unique properties,including shape memory alloys(SMAs).The development of ultra-high temperature SMAs(UHTSMAs)with operating temperatures above 400℃is a significant challenge[1-3].It is known that reversible thermoelas-tic martensitic transformation(MT)is the basis for shape mem-ory behavior[4].Currently,there are several systems in which MT temperatures meet the above requirements,for example,RuNb[5],HfPd[6],TiPd[7].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12202294)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024NSFSC1346).
文摘Shape memory alloys(SMAs)and shape memory ceramics(SMCs)exhibit high recovery ability due to the martensitic transformation,which complicates the fracture mechanism of SMAs and SMCs.The phase field method,as a powerful numerical simulation tool,can efficiently resolve the microstructural evolution,multi-field coupling effects,and fracture behavior of SMAs and SMCs.This review begins by presenting the fundamental theoretical framework of the fracture phase field method as applied to SMAs and SMCs,covering key aspects such as the phase field modeling of martensitic transformation and brittle fracture.Subsequently,it systematically examines the phase field simulations of fracture behaviors in SMAs and SMCs,with particular emphasis on how crystallographic orientation,grain size,and grain boundary properties influence the crack propagation.Additionally,the interplay between martensite transformation and fracture mechanisms is analyzed to provide deeper insights into the material responses under mechanical loading.Finally,the review explores future prospects and emerging trends in phase field simulations of SMA and SMC fracture behavior,along with potential advancements in the fracture phase field method itself,including multi-physics coupling and enhanced computational efficiency for large-scale simulations.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62422405, 62025111,62495100, 92464302)the STI 2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0201200)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Projectthe Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits
文摘Computing-in-memory(CIM)has been a promising candidate for artificial-intelligent applications thanks to the absence of data transfer between computation and storage blocks.Resistive random access memory(RRAM)based CIM has the advantage of high computing density,non-volatility as well as high energy efficiency.However,previous CIM research has predominantly focused on realizing high energy efficiency and high area efficiency for inference,while little attention has been devoted to addressing the challenges of on-chip programming speed,power consumption,and accuracy.In this paper,a fabri-cated 28 nm 576K RRAM-based CIM macro featuring optimized on-chip programming schemes is proposed to address the issues mentioned above.Different strategies of mapping weights to RRAM arrays are compared,and a novel direct-current ADC design is designed for both programming and inference stages.Utilizing the optimized hybrid programming scheme,4.67×programming speed,0.15×power saving and 4.31×compact weight distribution are realized.Besides,this macro achieves a normalized area efficiency of 2.82 TOPS/mm2 and a normalized energy efficiency of 35.6 TOPS/W.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171305,62405206,62004135,62001317,62111530301)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240778,BK20241917)+3 种基金State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,China(2023GZKF08)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M752314)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20231883)Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talent Program of Jiangsu Province(JSSCRC2021527).
文摘Photonic platforms are gradually emerging as a promising option to encounter the ever-growing demand for artificial intelligence,among which photonic time-delay reservoir computing(TDRC)is widely anticipated.While such a computing paradigm can only employ a single photonic device as the nonlinear node for data processing,the performance highly relies on the fading memory provided by the delay feedback loop(FL),which sets a restriction on the extensibility of physical implementation,especially for highly integrated chips.Here,we present a simplified photonic scheme for more flexible parameter configurations leveraging the designed quasi-convolution coding(QC),which completely gets rid of the dependence on FL.Unlike delay-based TDRC,encoded data in QC-based RC(QRC)enables temporal feature extraction,facilitating augmented memory capabilities.Thus,our proposed QRC is enabled to deal with time-related tasks or sequential data without the implementation of FL.Furthermore,we can implement this hardware with a low-power,easily integrable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser for high-performance parallel processing.We illustrate the concept validation through simulation and experimental comparison of QRC and TDRC,wherein the simpler-structured QRC outperforms across various benchmark tasks.Our results may underscore an auspicious solution for the hardware implementation of deep neural networks.
文摘Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China,Outstanding Youth Foundation,No.YQ2022H003 (to DW)。
文摘N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A), the most prevalent and conserved RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, profoundly influences virtually all aspects of mRNA metabolism. mRNA plays crucial roles in neural stem cell genesis and neural regeneration, where it is highly concentrated and actively involved in these processes. Changes in m^(6)A modification levels and the expression levels of related enzymatic proteins can lead to neurological dysfunction and contribute to the development of neurological diseases. Furthermore, the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, as well as nerve regeneration, are intimately linked to memory function and neurodegenerative diseases. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the roles of m^(6)A in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal, as well as its implications in memory and neurodegenerative diseases. m^(6)A has demonstrated divergent effects on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. These observed contradictions may arise from the time-specific nature of m^(6)A and its differential impact on neural stem cells across various stages of development. Similarly, the diverse effects of m^(6)A on distinct types of memory could be attributed to the involvement of specific brain regions in memory formation and recall. Inconsistencies in m^(6)A levels across different models of neurodegenerative disease, particularly Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, suggest that these disparities are linked to variations in the affected brain regions. Notably, the opposing changes in m^(6)A levels observed in Parkinson's disease models exposed to manganese compared to normal Parkinson's disease models further underscore the complexity of m^(6)A's role in neurodegenerative processes. The roles of m^(6)A in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal, and its implications in memory and neurodegenerative diseases, appear contradictory. These inconsistencies may be attributed to the timespecific nature of m^(6)A and its varying effects on distinct brain regions and in different environments.
基金supported by STI2030-Major Projects,No.2022ZD0207600(to LZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32070955(to LZ),U22A20301(to KFS)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2021A1515012197(to HO)Guangzhou Core Medical Disciplines Project,No.2021-2023(to HO)Key Research and Development Plan of Ningxia Hui Automomous Region,No.2022BEG01004(to KFS)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China,No.202007030012(to KFS and LZ)。
文摘Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy.Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after stroke.In this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral ischemia.We also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these effects.Adult mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery occlusion.We found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory function.Further analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of exercise.Agonist activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise effects.In summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81730033,82171193(to XG)the Key Talent Project for Strengthening Health during the 13^(th)Five-Year Plan Period,No.ZDRCA2016069(to XG)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2018YFC2001901(to XG)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline,No.ZDXK202232(to XG)。
文摘Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a seve re complication of the central nervous system that occurs after anesthesia and surgery,and has received attention for its high incidence and effect on the quality of life of patients.To date,there are no viable treatment options for postoperative cognitive dysfunction.The identification of postoperative cognitive dysfunction hub genes could provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for future research.To identify the signaling mechanisms contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction,we first conducted Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus GSE95426 dataset,which consists of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed in mouse hippocampus3 days after tibial fracture.The dataset was enriched in genes associated with the biological process"regulation of immune cells,"of which Chill was identified as a hub gene.Therefore,we investigated the contribution of chitinase-3-like protein 1 protein expression changes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of tibial fractu re surgery.Mice were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 124 hours post-surgery,and the injection groups were compared with untreated control mice for learning and memory capacities using the Y-maze and fear conditioning tests.In addition,protein expression levels of proinflammatory factors(interleukin-1βand inducible nitric oxide synthase),M2-type macrophage markers(CD206 and arginase-1),and cognition-related proteins(brain-derived neurotropic factor and phosphorylated NMDA receptor subunit NR2B)were measured in hippocampus by western blotting.Treatment with recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 prevented surgery-induced cognitive impairment,downregulated interleukin-1βand nducible nitric oxide synthase expression,and upregulated CD206,arginase-1,pNR2B,and brain-derived neurotropic factor expression compared with vehicle treatment.Intraperitoneal administration of the specific ERK inhibitor PD98059 diminished the effects of recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1.Collectively,our findings suggest that recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 ameliorates surgery-induced cognitive decline by attenuating neuroinflammation via M2 microglial polarization in the hippocampus.Therefore,recombinant chitinase-3-like protein1 may have therapeutic potential fo r postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2021YFF0901300in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.62173076 and 72271048.
文摘The distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem(DPFSP)has received increasing attention in recent years.The iterated greedy algorithm(IGA)serves as a powerful optimizer for addressing such a problem because of its straightforward,single-solution evolution framework.However,a potential draw-back of IGA is the lack of utilization of historical information,which could lead to an imbalance between exploration and exploitation,especially in large-scale DPFSPs.As a consequence,this paper develops an IGA with memory and learning mechanisms(MLIGA)to efficiently solve the DPFSP targeted at the mini-malmakespan.InMLIGA,we incorporate a memory mechanism to make a more informed selection of the initial solution at each stage of the search,by extending,reconstructing,and reinforcing the information from previous solutions.In addition,we design a twolayer cooperative reinforcement learning approach to intelligently determine the key parameters of IGA and the operations of the memory mechanism.Meanwhile,to ensure that the experience generated by each perturbation operator is fully learned and to reduce the prior parameters of MLIGA,a probability curve-based acceptance criterion is proposed by combining a cube root function with custom rules.At last,a discrete adaptive learning rate is employed to enhance the stability of the memory and learningmechanisms.Complete ablation experiments are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the memory mechanism,and the results show that this mechanism is capable of improving the performance of IGA to a large extent.Furthermore,through comparative experiments involving MLIGA and five state-of-the-art algorithms on 720 benchmarks,we have discovered that MLI-GA demonstrates significant potential for solving large-scale DPFSPs.This indicates that MLIGA is well-suited for real-world distributed flow shop scheduling.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health,Nos.AA025919,AA025919-03S1,and AA025919-05S1(all to RAF).
文摘Hippocampal neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease.Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Exercise stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents and improves memory and slows cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular pathways for exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improved cognition in Alzheimer’s disease are poorly understood.Recently,regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)was identified as the mediator of voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice.Here,we generated novel RGS6fl/fl;APP_(SWE) mice and used retroviral approaches to examine the impact of RGS6 deletion from dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells on voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in an amyloid-based Alzheimer’s disease mouse model.We found that voluntary running in APP_(SWE) mice restored their hippocampal cognitive impairments to that of control mice.This cognitive rescue was abolished by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells,which also abolished running-mediated increases in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was reduced in sedentary APP_(SWE) mice versus control mice,with basal adult hippocampal neurogenesis reduced by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells.RGS6 was expressed in neurons within the dentate gyrus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease with significant loss of these RGS6-expressing neurons.Thus,RGS6 mediated voluntary running-induced rescue of impaired cognition and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in APP_(SWE) mice,identifying RGS6 in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404230,52061027)Science and Technology Program Project of Gansu Province(22YF7GA155)+1 种基金Lanzhou Youth Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project(2023-QN-91)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY23E010002)。
文摘(TiZrHf)_(50)Ni_(30)Cu_(20-x)Co_(x)(x=2,4,6,at%)high-entropy high-temperature shape memory alloys were fabricated by watercooled copper crucible in a magnetic levitation vacuum melting furnace,and the effects of Co content on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.The results indicate that the grain size of the alloy decreases with increasing the Co content.In the as-cast state,the alloy consists primarily of the B19′phase,with a trace of B2 phase.The fracture morphology is predominantly composed of the B19′phase,whereas the B2 phase is nearly absent.Increasing the Co content or reducing the sample dimensions(d)markedly enhance the compressive strength and ductility of the alloy.When d=2 mm,the(TiZrHf)_(50)Ni_(30)Cu_(14)Co_(6) alloy demonstrates the optimal mechanical properties,achieving a compressive strength of 2142.39±1.8 MPa and a plasticity of 17.31±0.3%.The compressive cyclic test shows that with increasing the compressive strain,the residual strain of the(TiZrHf)_(50)Ni_(30)Cu_(14)Co_(6) alloy increases while the recovery ability declines.The superelastic recovery capability of the alloy is continuously enhanced.The superelastic recovery rate increases from 1.36%to 2.12%,the residual strain rate rises from 1.79%to 5.52%,the elastic recovery rate ascends from 3.86%to 7.36%,while the total recovery rate declines from 74.48%to 63.20%.
文摘The memory behavior in liquid crystals(LCs)that is characterized by low cost,large area,high speed,and high-density memory has evolved from a mere scientific curiosity to a technology that is being applied in a variety of commodities.In this study,we utilized molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))nanoflakes as the vip in a homotropic LCs host to modulate the overall memory effect of the hybrid.It was found that the MoS₂nanoflakes within the LCs host formed agglomerates,which in turn resulted in an accelerated response of the hybrids to the external electric field.However,this process also resulted in a slight decrease in the threshold voltage.Additionally,it was observed that MoS₂nanoflakes in a LCs host tend to align homeotropically under an external electric field,thereby accelerating the refreshment of the memory behavior.The incorporation of a mass fraction of 0.1%2μm MoS₂nanoflakes into the LCs host was found to significantly reduce the refreshing memory behavior in the hybrid to 94.0 s under an external voltage of 5 V.These findings illustrate the efficacy of regulating the rate of memory behavior for a variety of potential applications.
文摘Music can make us feel all sorts of different emotions.There might be a certain song that reminds you of a time in your life-a particular day or moment.Maybe it's the song that was playing when you met your partner or when you last saw your best friend.But according to new research,music may be able to do more than just bring back memories-it could even affect the way we remember the past.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Hanzhou(20231203A03)。
文摘Defatted hickory meal(DHM),a by-product of hickory oil production,is a protein source rich in essential amino acids.In this study,the functional properties of DHM hydrolysate(DHMH)were assessed using in vitro and in vivo assays in context to its antioxidant and memory-enhancing effects.To induce memory impairment,D-galactose(D-gal)was administered to mice at a dose of 120 mg/kg body weight per day,and DHMH was orally administered at doses of 300,600,and 1000 mg/kg body weight per day for 8 weeks.DHMH treatment led to improved memory performance in D-ga-induced memory-impaired mice,as observed in the Morris water maze test.Furthermore,DHMH mitigated the accumulation of amyloidβ_(1-42)triggered by D-gal exposure.Notably,high-dose DHMH significantly reduced the elevation of pro-inflammatory markers,including tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin 1β,and interleukin 6.Additionally,DHMH prevented the decline in total superoxide dismutase activity,glutathione peroxidase activity,and glutathione levels,while reducing malondialdehyde content in D-gal-induced mice,indicative of its antioxidant properties.Moreover,DHMH treatment effectively prevented histological alterations in neurons within the hippocampal CA1 area induced by D-gal.Collectively,our findings suggest that DHMH may counteract memory dysfunctions resulting from oxidative stress injury in the brain positioning it as a potential candidate for use as a functional food.
基金supported by the URC Aga Khan University(Project ID:212003)Pakistan Science Foundation(Project Code:710110-201-20001-500-53413-0000).
文摘Background:Epilepsy is a disease characterized by unprovoked seizures,and it affects around 70 million people worldwide.Standard treatment is ineffective in one third of all epilepsy patients.Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis(TLE-HS)is the most drug-resistant form of epilepsy,and it also impacts physical,mental,and psychological well-being of patients.Carum carvi extract has demonstrated anti-convulsant,anti-depressant,and anxiolytic properties.This study was designed to investigate if Carum carvi extract can alleviate depression and memory loss symptoms in a TLE-HS animal model.Methods:Male Sprague Dawley rats were used to create a model of TLE-HS and Carum carvi extract treatment,along with appropriate controls,was used to test the efficacy of this herbal extract in reducing the symptoms of depression and memory loss.Results:Forced swim test showed that Carum carvi extract treated TLE-HS rats resulted in significant improvement of the symptoms of depression.However,novel object recognition test showed that memory improvement did not occur.Conclusion:Depression significantly impacts the quality of life in TLE-HS patients,and this study has shown that Carum carvi extract should be explored further as an adjuvant treatment for TLE-HS patients to improve their quality of life.
