Diabetic wounds present challenges in clinical management due to persistent inflammation caused by excessive exudate infiltration.Inspired by the gradient wettability of cactus thorn,this study has devised a biomimeti...Diabetic wounds present challenges in clinical management due to persistent inflammation caused by excessive exudate infiltration.Inspired by the gradient wettability of cactus thorn,this study has devised a biomimetic Janus nanofiber membrane as a water diode,which endows with gradient wettability and gradient pore size,offering sustainable unidirectional self-drainage and antibacterial properties for enhanced diabetic wound healing.The Janus membrane is fabricated by depositing a hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile/chlorin e6 layer with smaller pore sizes onto a hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone)with larger pore sizes,thereby generating a vertical gradient in both wettability and pore structure.The incorporation of chlorin e6 in the upper layer enables the utilization of external light energy to generate heat for evaporation and produce reactive oxygen species,achieving a high sterilization efficiency of 99%.Meanwhile,the gradient structure of the Janus membrane facilitates continuous antigravity exudate drainage at a rate of 0.95 g cm^(−2) h^(−1).This dual functionality of effective exudate drainage and sterilization significantly reduces inflammatory factors,allows the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 proliferative phenotype,enhances angiogenesis,and accelerates wound healing.Therefore,this study provides a groundbreaking bioinspired strategy for the development of advanced wound dressings tailored for diabetic wound regeneration.展开更多
Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative patho...Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative pathogens.Previous studies reported that BAC-adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased the tolerance to PB.Herein,we present the novel finding that the combination of BAC and PB exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects against P.aeruginosa.Time-killing assay demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial cell viability.Scanning electron microscopy,zeta potential analysis,hydrophobicity measurements,and fluorescence probe analyses collectively revealed severe disruption of the cell envelope and membrane potential induced by the combination of BAC and PB.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the BAC-PB combination notably downreg-ulated the expression of genes involved in lipid A modification and cell envelope production,including phoPQ,pmrAB,bamABCDE,lptABCDEG,lolB,yidC,and murJ.Additionally,the combination group exhibited augmented production of reactive oxygen species and diminished ATP synthesis.The expression of the genes associated with substance metabolism and energy generation was significantly impeded.This study provides significant implica-tions for the interactions of biocides and antibiotics on Gram-negative pathogens,while also addressing antibiotic resistance and developing the external treatment strategy for Pseudomonas-infected wounds and burns.展开更多
The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR...The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR.However,their clinical translation is hindered by their inherently low immunogenicity,often requiring potent adjuvants and advanced delivery systems.Biomembrane nanostructures(e.g.,liposomes,exosomes,and cell membrane-derived nanostructures),characterized by superior biocompatibility,intrinsic targeting ability,and immune-modulating properties,could serve as versatile platforms that potentiate vaccine efficacy by increasing antigen stability,enabling codelivery of immunostimulants,and facilitating targeted delivery to lymphoid tissues/antigen-presenting cells.This intrinsic immunomodulation promotes robust humoral and cellular immune responses to combat bacteria.This review critically reviews(1)key biomembrane nanostructure classes for bacterial protein antigens,(2)design strategies leveraging biomembrane nanostructures to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses,(3)preclinical efficacy against diverse pathogens,and(4)translational challenges and prospects.Biomembrane nanostructure-driven approaches represent a paradigm shift in the development of next-generation bacterial protein vaccines against resistant infections.展开更多
3D printing,as a versatile additive manufacturing technique,offers high design flexibility,rapid prototyping,minimal material waste,and the capability to fabricate complex,customized geometries.These attributes make i...3D printing,as a versatile additive manufacturing technique,offers high design flexibility,rapid prototyping,minimal material waste,and the capability to fabricate complex,customized geometries.These attributes make it particularly well-suited for low-temperature hydrogen electrochemical conversion devices—specifically,proton exchange membrane fuel cells,proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,and alkaline electrolyzers—which demand finely structured components such as catalyst layers,gas diffusion layers,electrodes,porous transport layers,and bipolar plates.This review provides a focused and critical summary of the current progress in applying 3D printing technologies to these key components.It begins with a concise introduction to the principles and classifications of mainstream 3D printing methods relevant to the hydrogen energy sector and proceeds to analyze their specific applications and performance impacts across different device architectures.Finally,the review identifies existing technical challenges and outlines future research directions to accelerate the integration of 3D printing in nextgeneration low-temperature hydrogen energy systems.展开更多
An analytical model of a floating heaving box integrated with a vertical flexible porous membrane placed right next to the box applications to wave energy extraction and breakwater systems is developed under the reduc...An analytical model of a floating heaving box integrated with a vertical flexible porous membrane placed right next to the box applications to wave energy extraction and breakwater systems is developed under the reduced wave equation.The theoretical solutions for the heave radiating potential to the assigned physical model in the corresponding zones are attained by using the separation of variables approach along with the Fourier expansion.Applying the matching eigenfunction expansion technique and orthogonal conditions,the unknown coefficients that are involved in the radiated potentials are determined.The attained radiation potential allows the computation of hydrodynamic coefficients of the heaving buoy,Power Take-Off damping,and wave quantities.The accuracy of the analytical solution for the hydrodynamic coefficients is demonstrated for different oblique angles with varying numbers of terms in the series solution.The current analytical analysis findings are confirmed by existing published numerical boundary element method simulations.Several numerical results of the hydrodynamic coefficients,power capture,power take-off optimal damping,and transmission coefficients for numerous structural and physical aspects are conducted.It has been noted that the ideal power take-off damping increases as the angle of incidence rises,and the analysis suggests that the ability to capture waves is more effective in shallower waters compared to deeper ones.展开更多
AIM:To assess risk factors for epiretinal membranes(ERM)and examine their interactions in a nationally representative U.S.dataset.METHODS:Data from the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANE...AIM:To assess risk factors for epiretinal membranes(ERM)and examine their interactions in a nationally representative U.S.dataset.METHODS:Data from the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)were analyzed,a nationally representative U.S.dataset.ERM was identified via retinal imaging based on the presence of cellophane changes.Key predictors included age group,eye surgery history,and refractive error,with additional demographic and health-related covariates.Weighted univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess associations and interaction effects between eye surgery and refractive error.RESULTS:Totally 3925 participants were analyzed.Older age,eye surgery,and refractive errors were significantly associated with ERM.Compared to those under 65y,the odds ratio(OR)for ERM was 3.08 for ages 65–75y(P=0.0014)and 4.76 for ages 75+years(P=0.0069).Eye surgery increased ERM risk(OR=3.48,P=0.0018).Moderate to high hyperopia and myopia were also associated with ERM(OR=2.65 and 1.80,respectively).A significant interaction between refractive error and eye surgery was observed(P<0.0001).Moderate to high myopia was associated with ERM only in those without eye surgery(OR=1.92,P=0.0443).Eye surgery was most strongly associated with ERM in the emmetropic group(OR=3.60,P=0.0027),followed by the moderate to high myopia group(OR=3.01,P=0.0031).CONCLUSION:ERM is significantly associated with aging,eye surgery,and refractive errors.The interaction between eye surgery and refractive error modifies ERM risk and highlights the importance of considering combined effects in clinical risk assessments.These findings may help guide individualized ERM risk assessment that may inform personalized approaches to ERM prevention and management.展开更多
Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longr...Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longrange continuous structure of the nanofiber,ion-charged groups can be induced to form long-range continuous ion transfer channels in the nanofiber composite membrane,significantly increasing the ion conductivity of the membrane.This review stands apart from previous endeavors by offering a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed over the past decade in utilizing both electrospun and natural nanofibers as key components of proton exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes for fuel cells.Electrospun nanofibers are categorized based on their material properties into two primary groups:(1)ionomer nanofibers,inherently endowed with the ability to conduct H+(such as perfluorosulfonic acid or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone))or OH-(e.g.,FAA-3),and(2)nonionic polymer nanofibers,comprising inert polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride,polytetrafluoroethylene,and polyacrylonitrile.Notably,the latter often necessitates surface modifications to impart ion transport channels,given their inherent proton inertness.Furthermore,this review delves into the recent progress made with three natural nanofibers derived from biodegradable cellulose—cellulose nanocrystals,cellulose nanofibers,and bacterial nanofibers—as crucial elements in polyelectrolyte membranes.The effect of the physical structure of such nanofibers on polyelectrolyte membrane properties is also briefly discussed.Lastly,the review emphasizes the challenges and outlines potential solutions for future research in the field of nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes,aiming to propel the development of high-performance polymer electrolyte fuel cells.展开更多
Objective Safranal is a natural product from saffron(Crocus sativus L.)with anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective potential.This study aimed to explore the role of safranal in a cationic bovine serum albumin(C-BSA)-i...Objective Safranal is a natural product from saffron(Crocus sativus L.)with anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective potential.This study aimed to explore the role of safranal in a cationic bovine serum albumin(C-BSA)-induced rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis(MGN).Methods After model establishment,Sprague–Dawley rats were administered 100 or 200 mg/kg safranal by gavage.A biochemical analyser was used to measure the urine protein levels and serum levels of renal function parameters.Hematoxylin–eosin and immunofluorescence staining of kidney tissues were performed to examine histopathological changes and assess the expression of IgG,C3,and Sirt1.Western blotting was performed to measure the protein levels of podocin,nephrin,Sirt1,and factors involved in the NF-κB/p65 pathway.Inflammatory cytokine levels in renal homogenates were determined by ELISA.Results Safranal at 100 or 200 mg/kg reduced kidney weight(2.07±0.15 g and 2.05±0.15 g)and the kidney somatic index(0.83±0.08%and 0.81±0.08%)in MGN rats compared with those in the model group without drug administration(2.62±0.17 g and 1.05±0.1%).C-BSA increased the urine protein level to 117.68±10.52 mg/day(compared with the sham group,5.03±0.45 mg/day),caused dysregulation of renal function indicators,and induced glomerular expansion and inflammatory cell infiltration in the rat kidney samples.All the biochemical and histological changes were improved by safranal administration.Safranal at two doses also increased the fluorescence intensities of IgG(0.1±0.009 and 0.088±0.008)and C3(0.065±0.006 and 0.048±0.004)compared with those in the MGN group(0.15±0.013 and 0.086±0.008).Additionally,safranal reversed the downregulation of podocin,nephrin,and Wilms tumor protein-1(WT1)levels and reversed the high inflammatory cytokine levels in MGN rats.Mechanistically,safranal activated Sirt1 signalling to interfere with NF-κB signalling in the kidney tissues of MGN rats.Conclusions Safranal ameliorates renal damage,inflammation,and podocyte injury in MGN by upregulating SIRT1 and inhibiting NF-κB signalling.展开更多
Macrophages undergo dynamic transitions between M1 and M2 states,exerting profound influences on both inflammatory and regenerative processes.The biocompatible and wound-healing properties of decellularized amniotic m...Macrophages undergo dynamic transitions between M1 and M2 states,exerting profound influences on both inflammatory and regenerative processes.The biocompatible and wound-healing properties of decellularized amniotic membrane(d AM)make it a subject of exploration for its potential impact on the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages.Experimental findings unequivocally demonstrate that d AM promotes anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophage,with its cytokine-rich content posited as a potential mediator.The application of RNA sequencing unveils differential gene expression,implicating the hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)signaling pathway in this intricate interplay.Subsequent investigation further demonstrates that d AM facilitates anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophage through the upregulation of epidermal growth factor(EGF),which,in turn,activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway and stabilizes HIF-1α.This cascade results in a noteworthy augmentation of anti-inflammatory gene expression.This study significantly contributes to advancing our comprehension of d AM's immunomodulatory role in tissue repair,thereby suggesting promising therapeutic potential.展开更多
Carbon capture is an important strategy and is implemented to achieve the goals of CO_(2)reduction and carbon neutrality.As a high energy-efficient technology,membrane-based separation plays a crucial role in CO_(2)ca...Carbon capture is an important strategy and is implemented to achieve the goals of CO_(2)reduction and carbon neutrality.As a high energy-efficient technology,membrane-based separation plays a crucial role in CO_(2)capture.It is urgently needed for membrane-based CO_(2)capture to develop the high-performance membrane materials with high permeability,selectivity,and stability.Herein,ultrapermeable carbon molecular sieve(CMS)membranes are fabricated by py roly zing a finely-engineered benzoxazole-containing copolyimide precursor for efficient CO_(2)capture.The microstructure of CMS membrane has been optimized by initially engineering the precursor-chemistry and subsequently tuning the pyrolysis process.Deep insights into the structure-property relationship of CMSs are provided in detail by a combination of experimental characterization and molecular simulations.We demonstrate that the intrinsically high free volume environment of the precursor,coupled with the steric hindrance of thermostable contorted fragments,promotes the formation of loosely packed and ultramicroporous carbon structures within the resultant CMS membrane,thereby enabling efficient CO_(2)discrimination via size sieving and affinity.The membrane achieves an ultrahigh CO_(2)permeability,good selectivity,and excellent stability.After one month of long-term operation,the CO_(2)permeability in the mixed gas is maintained at 11,800 Barrer,with a CO_(2)/N_(2)selectivity exceeding 60.This study provides insights into the relationship between precursor-chemistry and CMS performance,and our ultrapermeable CMS membrane,which is scalable using thin film manufacturing,holds great potential for industrial CO_(2)capture.展开更多
BACKGROUND Advanced heart failure and transplant(AHFTC)teams are crucial in the management of patients in cardiogenic shock.We sought to explore the impact of AHFTC physicians on outcomes in patients receiving extraco...BACKGROUND Advanced heart failure and transplant(AHFTC)teams are crucial in the management of patients in cardiogenic shock.We sought to explore the impact of AHFTC physicians on outcomes in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)support.AIM To determine whether outcomes differ in the care of ECMO patients when AHFTC physicians serve in a primary vs consultative role.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 51 patients placed on veno-venous(VV)and veno-arterial(VA)ECMO between January 2015 and February 2023 at our institution.We compared ECMO outcomes between teams managed primarily by intensivists vs teams where AHFTC physicians played a direct role in ECMO management,including patient selection.Our primary outcome measure was survival to 30 days post hospital discharge.RESULTS For combined VA and VV ECMO patients,survival to 30 days post discharge in the AHFTC cohort was significantly higher(67%vs 30%,P=0.01),largely driven by a significantly increased 30-day post discharge survival in VA ECMO patients in the AHFTC group(64%vs 20%,P=0.05).CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients in shock requiring VA ECMO support may have improved survival 30 days after hospital discharge when an AHFTC team serves in a direct role in the selection and management of patients.Further studies are needed to validate this impact.展开更多
Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltr...Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.展开更多
Dear Editor,Descemet’s membrane detachment(DMD)is considered as a potential sight-threatening complication following various intraocular surgeries,particularly cataract surgery[1].The labile adhesion between the Desc...Dear Editor,Descemet’s membrane detachment(DMD)is considered as a potential sight-threatening complication following various intraocular surgeries,particularly cataract surgery[1].The labile adhesion between the Descemet’s membrane(DM)and the posterior corneal stromal layer can be easily separated with minimal mechanical force.Several risk factors have been associated with the development of DMD including old age,improper intraoperative operation,corneal ectatic disorders,and endothelial disorders and so on[1-4].展开更多
Tetracycline(TC)is a broad-spectrum antibiotic,and its residues in the environment and food are harmful to human health.Therefore,it is essential to rapidly,sensitively,and conveniently detect TC.In this work,we devel...Tetracycline(TC)is a broad-spectrum antibiotic,and its residues in the environment and food are harmful to human health.Therefore,it is essential to rapidly,sensitively,and conveniently detect TC.In this work,we developed a portable silicon nanoparticles chelated Europium(Ⅲ)-based polyacrylonitrile(Eu-SiNPs/PAN)nanofiber membrane for rapid,sensitive,and convenient detection of TC.The Eu-SiNPs were synthesized with a facile one-pot method.The Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membrane was fabricated by electrospinning,combining Eu-SiNPs and PAN with three-dimensional porous membrane structures and UV resistance.Both the Eu-SiNPs and the Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membranes have good selectivity and anti-interference ability towards TC.The combined merits of rapid response,long storage life,easy portability,and naked-eye recognition of TC make the Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membrane a promising material for convenient TC detection applications.The practicability of these nanofiber membranes was further verified by detecting TC in real samples,such as lake water,drinking water and honey,and achieved quantitative detection.展开更多
The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical ...The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.展开更多
Background:EMP2 is a tumor-associated membrane protein belonging to the GAS-3/PMP22 gene family.EMP2 expression demonstrates significant tissue specificity and heterogeneity in various human tissues and tumor tissues,...Background:EMP2 is a tumor-associated membrane protein belonging to the GAS-3/PMP22 gene family.EMP2 expression demonstrates significant tissue specificity and heterogeneity in various human tissues and tumor tissues,where it may play a role in either promoting or inhibiting tumor growth.This study aimed to investigate the expression level,biological functions,and molecular mechanisms of EMP2 in liver cancer.Methods:we analyzed the mRNA expression levels of EMPs family genes in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tissues and normal liver tissues based on the TCGA database and immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays.Subsequently,we constructed HCC cell lines with either knockdown or overexpression of EMP2 to examine the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of EMP2 in tumorigenesis in vivo and in vitro.Results:Bioinformatic and immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays have confirmed the significant upregulation of EMP2 in HCC tissues.In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that downregulation of EMP2 results in a moderate reduction in the proliferation and invasive capacity of HCC cells.Conversely,overexpression of EMP2 enhances the invasive capacity of HCC cells and induces autophagy.Initial investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying EMP2-mediated enhancement of HCC cell invasion have revealed the dual regulation of EMP2-induced autophagy and the integrin pathway,which synergistically influence the invasive and metastatic potential of HCC cells.Conclusion:EMP2 holds promise as a diagnostic marker for HCC metastasis and a potential target for targeted therapy.展开更多
Hydrogen energy from electrocatalysis driven by sustainable energy has emerged as a solution against the background of carbon neutrality.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)-based electrocatalytic systems represent a promisi...Hydrogen energy from electrocatalysis driven by sustainable energy has emerged as a solution against the background of carbon neutrality.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)-based electrocatalytic systems represent a promising technology for hydrogen production,which is equipped to combine efficiently with intermittent electricity from renewable energy sources.In this review,PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H2 production are summarized systematically from low to high operating temperature systems.When the operating temperature is below 130℃,the representative device is a PEM water electrolyzer;its core components and respective functions,research status,and design strategies of key materials especially in electrocatalysts are presented and discussed.However,strong acidity,highly oxidative operating conditions,and the sluggish kinetics of the anode reaction of PEM water electrolyzers have limited their further development and shifted our attention to higher operating temperature PEM systems.Increasing the temperature of PEM-based electrocatalytic systems can cause an increase in current density,accelerate reaction kinetics and gas transport and reduce the ohmic value,activation losses,ΔGH*,and power consumption.Moreover,further increasing the operating temperature(120-300℃)of PEM-based devices endows various hydrogen carriers(e.g.,methanol,ethanol,and ammonia)with electrolysis,offering a new opportunity to produce hydrogen using PEM-based electrocatalytic systems.Finally,several future directions and prospects for developing PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H_(2) production are proposed through devoting more efforts to the key components of devices and reduction of costs.展开更多
As the proton transport channel and binder within the catalytic layer(CL),the physicochemical properties of the ionomer can affect the CL microstructure and performance of the membrane electrode assembly.In this paper...As the proton transport channel and binder within the catalytic layer(CL),the physicochemical properties of the ionomer can affect the CL microstructure and performance of the membrane electrode assembly.In this paper,we select ionomers with different side-chain lengths and investigate the effects of the side-chain structure and content of the ionomers on the performance of membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Electrochemical tests show that at a mass ratio of 10 wt.%of ionomer/Ir(I/Ir),long-side-chain(LSC)ionomer exhibits the best performance(2.141 V@2.00 A/cm^(2),while short-side-chain(SSC)ionomer is 2.208 V@2.00 A/cm^(2)).The MEA containing LSC ionomer shows better electrochemical performance than the SSC at the same I/Ir mass ratio,especially at high current density.The MEA containing LSC ionomer has a larger average pore size and porosity,which indicates that it may have better mass-transfer properties.From the analysis of voltage loss,it can be seen that LSC ionomers have a smaller ohmic impedance and mass transfer resistance than SSC ionomers.In conclusion,LSC ionomers are more conducive to water-gas transport,which can provide excellent water electrolysis performance.This article focuses on the optimization of ionomer side chains and content,which can enhance PEM water electrolysis performance at lower cost.展开更多
With the rapid development of wearable electronic skin technology, flexible strain sensors have shown great application prospects in the fields of human motion and physiological signal detection, medical diagnostics, ...With the rapid development of wearable electronic skin technology, flexible strain sensors have shown great application prospects in the fields of human motion and physiological signal detection, medical diagnostics, and human-computer interaction owing to their outstanding sensing performance. This paper reports a strain sensor with synergistic conductive network, consisting of stable carbon nanotube dispersion (CNT) layer and brittle MXene layer by dip-coating and electrostatic self-assembly method, and breathable three-dimensional (3D) flexible substrate of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibrous membrane prepared through electrospinning technology. The MXene/CNT@PDA-TPU (MC@p-TPU) flexible strain sensor had excellent air permeability, wide operating range (0–450 %), high sensitivity (Gauge Factor, GFmax = 8089.7), ultra-low detection limit (0.05 %), rapid response and recovery times (40 ms/60 ms), and excellent cycle stability and durability (10,000 cycles). Given its superior strain sensing capabilities, this sensor can be applied in physiological signals detection, human motion pattern recognition, and driving exoskeleton robots. In addition, MC@p-TPU fibrous membrane also exhibited excellent photothermal conversion performance and can be used as a wearable photo-heater, which has far-reaching application potential in the photothermal therapy of human joint diseases.展开更多
基金All animal experiments were performed under the protocols approved by the Ethical Committee for Animal Care of Donghua University(DHUEC-NSFC-2019-20)financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1201304)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52503082),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750402)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230419)Shanghai Anticancer Association EYAS PROJECT(SACA-CY23C05)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232023D-03,2232024Y-01).
文摘Diabetic wounds present challenges in clinical management due to persistent inflammation caused by excessive exudate infiltration.Inspired by the gradient wettability of cactus thorn,this study has devised a biomimetic Janus nanofiber membrane as a water diode,which endows with gradient wettability and gradient pore size,offering sustainable unidirectional self-drainage and antibacterial properties for enhanced diabetic wound healing.The Janus membrane is fabricated by depositing a hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile/chlorin e6 layer with smaller pore sizes onto a hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone)with larger pore sizes,thereby generating a vertical gradient in both wettability and pore structure.The incorporation of chlorin e6 in the upper layer enables the utilization of external light energy to generate heat for evaporation and produce reactive oxygen species,achieving a high sterilization efficiency of 99%.Meanwhile,the gradient structure of the Janus membrane facilitates continuous antigravity exudate drainage at a rate of 0.95 g cm^(−2) h^(−1).This dual functionality of effective exudate drainage and sterilization significantly reduces inflammatory factors,allows the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 proliferative phenotype,enhances angiogenesis,and accelerates wound healing.Therefore,this study provides a groundbreaking bioinspired strategy for the development of advanced wound dressings tailored for diabetic wound regeneration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32170121).
文摘Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative pathogens.Previous studies reported that BAC-adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased the tolerance to PB.Herein,we present the novel finding that the combination of BAC and PB exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects against P.aeruginosa.Time-killing assay demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial cell viability.Scanning electron microscopy,zeta potential analysis,hydrophobicity measurements,and fluorescence probe analyses collectively revealed severe disruption of the cell envelope and membrane potential induced by the combination of BAC and PB.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the BAC-PB combination notably downreg-ulated the expression of genes involved in lipid A modification and cell envelope production,including phoPQ,pmrAB,bamABCDE,lptABCDEG,lolB,yidC,and murJ.Additionally,the combination group exhibited augmented production of reactive oxygen species and diminished ATP synthesis.The expression of the genes associated with substance metabolism and energy generation was significantly impeded.This study provides significant implica-tions for the interactions of biocides and antibiotics on Gram-negative pathogens,while also addressing antibiotic resistance and developing the external treatment strategy for Pseudomonas-infected wounds and burns.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82573571)the Shanghai 2025 Basic Research Plan Natural Science Foundation(25ZR1401393)the First Batch of Open Topics of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices(2025QN13)。
文摘The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR.However,their clinical translation is hindered by their inherently low immunogenicity,often requiring potent adjuvants and advanced delivery systems.Biomembrane nanostructures(e.g.,liposomes,exosomes,and cell membrane-derived nanostructures),characterized by superior biocompatibility,intrinsic targeting ability,and immune-modulating properties,could serve as versatile platforms that potentiate vaccine efficacy by increasing antigen stability,enabling codelivery of immunostimulants,and facilitating targeted delivery to lymphoid tissues/antigen-presenting cells.This intrinsic immunomodulation promotes robust humoral and cellular immune responses to combat bacteria.This review critically reviews(1)key biomembrane nanostructure classes for bacterial protein antigens,(2)design strategies leveraging biomembrane nanostructures to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses,(3)preclinical efficacy against diverse pathogens,and(4)translational challenges and prospects.Biomembrane nanostructure-driven approaches represent a paradigm shift in the development of next-generation bacterial protein vaccines against resistant infections.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22208376,UA22A20429)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP 202303)+3 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2024QB175,ZR2023LFG005)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.25CX07002A)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Z202401390008)The Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2025JJ60301)。
文摘3D printing,as a versatile additive manufacturing technique,offers high design flexibility,rapid prototyping,minimal material waste,and the capability to fabricate complex,customized geometries.These attributes make it particularly well-suited for low-temperature hydrogen electrochemical conversion devices—specifically,proton exchange membrane fuel cells,proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,and alkaline electrolyzers—which demand finely structured components such as catalyst layers,gas diffusion layers,electrodes,porous transport layers,and bipolar plates.This review provides a focused and critical summary of the current progress in applying 3D printing technologies to these key components.It begins with a concise introduction to the principles and classifications of mainstream 3D printing methods relevant to the hydrogen energy sector and proceeds to analyze their specific applications and performance impacts across different device architectures.Finally,the review identifies existing technical challenges and outlines future research directions to accelerate the integration of 3D printing in nextgeneration low-temperature hydrogen energy systems.
基金Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN(b-on)the Strategic Research Plan of the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(CENTEC),which is financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia-FCT)under contract UIDB/UIDP/00134/2020.
文摘An analytical model of a floating heaving box integrated with a vertical flexible porous membrane placed right next to the box applications to wave energy extraction and breakwater systems is developed under the reduced wave equation.The theoretical solutions for the heave radiating potential to the assigned physical model in the corresponding zones are attained by using the separation of variables approach along with the Fourier expansion.Applying the matching eigenfunction expansion technique and orthogonal conditions,the unknown coefficients that are involved in the radiated potentials are determined.The attained radiation potential allows the computation of hydrodynamic coefficients of the heaving buoy,Power Take-Off damping,and wave quantities.The accuracy of the analytical solution for the hydrodynamic coefficients is demonstrated for different oblique angles with varying numbers of terms in the series solution.The current analytical analysis findings are confirmed by existing published numerical boundary element method simulations.Several numerical results of the hydrodynamic coefficients,power capture,power take-off optimal damping,and transmission coefficients for numerous structural and physical aspects are conducted.It has been noted that the ideal power take-off damping increases as the angle of incidence rises,and the analysis suggests that the ability to capture waves is more effective in shallower waters compared to deeper ones.
基金Supported by Chengdu Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Key R&D Support Program(No.2023-YF09-00041-SN)。
文摘AIM:To assess risk factors for epiretinal membranes(ERM)and examine their interactions in a nationally representative U.S.dataset.METHODS:Data from the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)were analyzed,a nationally representative U.S.dataset.ERM was identified via retinal imaging based on the presence of cellophane changes.Key predictors included age group,eye surgery history,and refractive error,with additional demographic and health-related covariates.Weighted univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess associations and interaction effects between eye surgery and refractive error.RESULTS:Totally 3925 participants were analyzed.Older age,eye surgery,and refractive errors were significantly associated with ERM.Compared to those under 65y,the odds ratio(OR)for ERM was 3.08 for ages 65–75y(P=0.0014)and 4.76 for ages 75+years(P=0.0069).Eye surgery increased ERM risk(OR=3.48,P=0.0018).Moderate to high hyperopia and myopia were also associated with ERM(OR=2.65 and 1.80,respectively).A significant interaction between refractive error and eye surgery was observed(P<0.0001).Moderate to high myopia was associated with ERM only in those without eye surgery(OR=1.92,P=0.0443).Eye surgery was most strongly associated with ERM in the emmetropic group(OR=3.60,P=0.0027),followed by the moderate to high myopia group(OR=3.01,P=0.0031).CONCLUSION:ERM is significantly associated with aging,eye surgery,and refractive errors.The interaction between eye surgery and refractive error modifies ERM risk and highlights the importance of considering combined effects in clinical risk assessments.These findings may help guide individualized ERM risk assessment that may inform personalized approaches to ERM prevention and management.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52173091,62101391。
文摘Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longrange continuous structure of the nanofiber,ion-charged groups can be induced to form long-range continuous ion transfer channels in the nanofiber composite membrane,significantly increasing the ion conductivity of the membrane.This review stands apart from previous endeavors by offering a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed over the past decade in utilizing both electrospun and natural nanofibers as key components of proton exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes for fuel cells.Electrospun nanofibers are categorized based on their material properties into two primary groups:(1)ionomer nanofibers,inherently endowed with the ability to conduct H+(such as perfluorosulfonic acid or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone))or OH-(e.g.,FAA-3),and(2)nonionic polymer nanofibers,comprising inert polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride,polytetrafluoroethylene,and polyacrylonitrile.Notably,the latter often necessitates surface modifications to impart ion transport channels,given their inherent proton inertness.Furthermore,this review delves into the recent progress made with three natural nanofibers derived from biodegradable cellulose—cellulose nanocrystals,cellulose nanofibers,and bacterial nanofibers—as crucial elements in polyelectrolyte membranes.The effect of the physical structure of such nanofibers on polyelectrolyte membrane properties is also briefly discussed.Lastly,the review emphasizes the challenges and outlines potential solutions for future research in the field of nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes,aiming to propel the development of high-performance polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82474412 and 82074364)the Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research in 2022(No.2022020801020506)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFC024).
文摘Objective Safranal is a natural product from saffron(Crocus sativus L.)with anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective potential.This study aimed to explore the role of safranal in a cationic bovine serum albumin(C-BSA)-induced rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis(MGN).Methods After model establishment,Sprague–Dawley rats were administered 100 or 200 mg/kg safranal by gavage.A biochemical analyser was used to measure the urine protein levels and serum levels of renal function parameters.Hematoxylin–eosin and immunofluorescence staining of kidney tissues were performed to examine histopathological changes and assess the expression of IgG,C3,and Sirt1.Western blotting was performed to measure the protein levels of podocin,nephrin,Sirt1,and factors involved in the NF-κB/p65 pathway.Inflammatory cytokine levels in renal homogenates were determined by ELISA.Results Safranal at 100 or 200 mg/kg reduced kidney weight(2.07±0.15 g and 2.05±0.15 g)and the kidney somatic index(0.83±0.08%and 0.81±0.08%)in MGN rats compared with those in the model group without drug administration(2.62±0.17 g and 1.05±0.1%).C-BSA increased the urine protein level to 117.68±10.52 mg/day(compared with the sham group,5.03±0.45 mg/day),caused dysregulation of renal function indicators,and induced glomerular expansion and inflammatory cell infiltration in the rat kidney samples.All the biochemical and histological changes were improved by safranal administration.Safranal at two doses also increased the fluorescence intensities of IgG(0.1±0.009 and 0.088±0.008)and C3(0.065±0.006 and 0.048±0.004)compared with those in the MGN group(0.15±0.013 and 0.086±0.008).Additionally,safranal reversed the downregulation of podocin,nephrin,and Wilms tumor protein-1(WT1)levels and reversed the high inflammatory cytokine levels in MGN rats.Mechanistically,safranal activated Sirt1 signalling to interfere with NF-κB signalling in the kidney tissues of MGN rats.Conclusions Safranal ameliorates renal damage,inflammation,and podocyte injury in MGN by upregulating SIRT1 and inhibiting NF-κB signalling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302772)Guizhou Basic Research Project(No.ZK[2023]General 201)partially supported by Wuhan Kangchuang Biotechnology Co.,Ltd。
文摘Macrophages undergo dynamic transitions between M1 and M2 states,exerting profound influences on both inflammatory and regenerative processes.The biocompatible and wound-healing properties of decellularized amniotic membrane(d AM)make it a subject of exploration for its potential impact on the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages.Experimental findings unequivocally demonstrate that d AM promotes anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophage,with its cytokine-rich content posited as a potential mediator.The application of RNA sequencing unveils differential gene expression,implicating the hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)signaling pathway in this intricate interplay.Subsequent investigation further demonstrates that d AM facilitates anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophage through the upregulation of epidermal growth factor(EGF),which,in turn,activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway and stabilizes HIF-1α.This cascade results in a noteworthy augmentation of anti-inflammatory gene expression.This study significantly contributes to advancing our comprehension of d AM's immunomodulatory role in tissue repair,thereby suggesting promising therapeutic potential.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3801200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278051,22178044,22308043)CNPC Innovation Found(2022DQ02-0608)。
文摘Carbon capture is an important strategy and is implemented to achieve the goals of CO_(2)reduction and carbon neutrality.As a high energy-efficient technology,membrane-based separation plays a crucial role in CO_(2)capture.It is urgently needed for membrane-based CO_(2)capture to develop the high-performance membrane materials with high permeability,selectivity,and stability.Herein,ultrapermeable carbon molecular sieve(CMS)membranes are fabricated by py roly zing a finely-engineered benzoxazole-containing copolyimide precursor for efficient CO_(2)capture.The microstructure of CMS membrane has been optimized by initially engineering the precursor-chemistry and subsequently tuning the pyrolysis process.Deep insights into the structure-property relationship of CMSs are provided in detail by a combination of experimental characterization and molecular simulations.We demonstrate that the intrinsically high free volume environment of the precursor,coupled with the steric hindrance of thermostable contorted fragments,promotes the formation of loosely packed and ultramicroporous carbon structures within the resultant CMS membrane,thereby enabling efficient CO_(2)discrimination via size sieving and affinity.The membrane achieves an ultrahigh CO_(2)permeability,good selectivity,and excellent stability.After one month of long-term operation,the CO_(2)permeability in the mixed gas is maintained at 11,800 Barrer,with a CO_(2)/N_(2)selectivity exceeding 60.This study provides insights into the relationship between precursor-chemistry and CMS performance,and our ultrapermeable CMS membrane,which is scalable using thin film manufacturing,holds great potential for industrial CO_(2)capture.
文摘BACKGROUND Advanced heart failure and transplant(AHFTC)teams are crucial in the management of patients in cardiogenic shock.We sought to explore the impact of AHFTC physicians on outcomes in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)support.AIM To determine whether outcomes differ in the care of ECMO patients when AHFTC physicians serve in a primary vs consultative role.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 51 patients placed on veno-venous(VV)and veno-arterial(VA)ECMO between January 2015 and February 2023 at our institution.We compared ECMO outcomes between teams managed primarily by intensivists vs teams where AHFTC physicians played a direct role in ECMO management,including patient selection.Our primary outcome measure was survival to 30 days post hospital discharge.RESULTS For combined VA and VV ECMO patients,survival to 30 days post discharge in the AHFTC cohort was significantly higher(67%vs 30%,P=0.01),largely driven by a significantly increased 30-day post discharge survival in VA ECMO patients in the AHFTC group(64%vs 20%,P=0.05).CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients in shock requiring VA ECMO support may have improved survival 30 days after hospital discharge when an AHFTC team serves in a direct role in the selection and management of patients.Further studies are needed to validate this impact.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2230081973)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-4).
文摘Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2024J011318No.2024J011321)Fuzhou Science and Technology Program(No.2023-S-005).
文摘Dear Editor,Descemet’s membrane detachment(DMD)is considered as a potential sight-threatening complication following various intraocular surgeries,particularly cataract surgery[1].The labile adhesion between the Descemet’s membrane(DM)and the posterior corneal stromal layer can be easily separated with minimal mechanical force.Several risk factors have been associated with the development of DMD including old age,improper intraoperative operation,corneal ectatic disorders,and endothelial disorders and so on[1-4].
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Nos.18JCQNJC72400 and 22JCQNJC01510).
文摘Tetracycline(TC)is a broad-spectrum antibiotic,and its residues in the environment and food are harmful to human health.Therefore,it is essential to rapidly,sensitively,and conveniently detect TC.In this work,we developed a portable silicon nanoparticles chelated Europium(Ⅲ)-based polyacrylonitrile(Eu-SiNPs/PAN)nanofiber membrane for rapid,sensitive,and convenient detection of TC.The Eu-SiNPs were synthesized with a facile one-pot method.The Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membrane was fabricated by electrospinning,combining Eu-SiNPs and PAN with three-dimensional porous membrane structures and UV resistance.Both the Eu-SiNPs and the Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membranes have good selectivity and anti-interference ability towards TC.The combined merits of rapid response,long storage life,easy portability,and naked-eye recognition of TC make the Eu-SiNPs/PAN nanofiber membrane a promising material for convenient TC detection applications.The practicability of these nanofiber membranes was further verified by detecting TC in real samples,such as lake water,drinking water and honey,and achieved quantitative detection.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373281)National Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Materials Production and Application Demonstration Platform Program,China(No.TC220H06N)。
文摘The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22177084 and 82104373)the Fundamental Research Funds of Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2022YFQ0054).
文摘Background:EMP2 is a tumor-associated membrane protein belonging to the GAS-3/PMP22 gene family.EMP2 expression demonstrates significant tissue specificity and heterogeneity in various human tissues and tumor tissues,where it may play a role in either promoting or inhibiting tumor growth.This study aimed to investigate the expression level,biological functions,and molecular mechanisms of EMP2 in liver cancer.Methods:we analyzed the mRNA expression levels of EMPs family genes in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tissues and normal liver tissues based on the TCGA database and immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays.Subsequently,we constructed HCC cell lines with either knockdown or overexpression of EMP2 to examine the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of EMP2 in tumorigenesis in vivo and in vitro.Results:Bioinformatic and immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays have confirmed the significant upregulation of EMP2 in HCC tissues.In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that downregulation of EMP2 results in a moderate reduction in the proliferation and invasive capacity of HCC cells.Conversely,overexpression of EMP2 enhances the invasive capacity of HCC cells and induces autophagy.Initial investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying EMP2-mediated enhancement of HCC cell invasion have revealed the dual regulation of EMP2-induced autophagy and the integrin pathway,which synergistically influence the invasive and metastatic potential of HCC cells.Conclusion:EMP2 holds promise as a diagnostic marker for HCC metastasis and a potential target for targeted therapy.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFA1500900Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province-Regional Joint Fund Project,Grant/Award Number:2021B1515120024+9 种基金Science Funds of the Education Office of Jiangxi Province,Grant/Award Number:GJJ2201324Science Funds of Jiangxi Province,Grant/Award Numbers:20242BAB25168,20224BAB213018Doctoral Research Start-up Funds of JXSTNU,Grant/Award Number:2022BSQD05China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023M741121National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22172047Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,Grant/Award Number:2021JJ30089Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Number:JCYJ20210324122209025Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:kq2107008Hunan Province of Huxiang Talent project,Grant/Award Number:2023rc3118Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2022JJ10006.
文摘Hydrogen energy from electrocatalysis driven by sustainable energy has emerged as a solution against the background of carbon neutrality.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)-based electrocatalytic systems represent a promising technology for hydrogen production,which is equipped to combine efficiently with intermittent electricity from renewable energy sources.In this review,PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H2 production are summarized systematically from low to high operating temperature systems.When the operating temperature is below 130℃,the representative device is a PEM water electrolyzer;its core components and respective functions,research status,and design strategies of key materials especially in electrocatalysts are presented and discussed.However,strong acidity,highly oxidative operating conditions,and the sluggish kinetics of the anode reaction of PEM water electrolyzers have limited their further development and shifted our attention to higher operating temperature PEM systems.Increasing the temperature of PEM-based electrocatalytic systems can cause an increase in current density,accelerate reaction kinetics and gas transport and reduce the ohmic value,activation losses,ΔGH*,and power consumption.Moreover,further increasing the operating temperature(120-300℃)of PEM-based devices endows various hydrogen carriers(e.g.,methanol,ethanol,and ammonia)with electrolysis,offering a new opportunity to produce hydrogen using PEM-based electrocatalytic systems.Finally,several future directions and prospects for developing PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H_(2) production are proposed through devoting more efforts to the key components of devices and reduction of costs.
基金Project(52271013)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(23DZ1200600)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai,China。
文摘As the proton transport channel and binder within the catalytic layer(CL),the physicochemical properties of the ionomer can affect the CL microstructure and performance of the membrane electrode assembly.In this paper,we select ionomers with different side-chain lengths and investigate the effects of the side-chain structure and content of the ionomers on the performance of membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Electrochemical tests show that at a mass ratio of 10 wt.%of ionomer/Ir(I/Ir),long-side-chain(LSC)ionomer exhibits the best performance(2.141 V@2.00 A/cm^(2),while short-side-chain(SSC)ionomer is 2.208 V@2.00 A/cm^(2)).The MEA containing LSC ionomer shows better electrochemical performance than the SSC at the same I/Ir mass ratio,especially at high current density.The MEA containing LSC ionomer has a larger average pore size and porosity,which indicates that it may have better mass-transfer properties.From the analysis of voltage loss,it can be seen that LSC ionomers have a smaller ohmic impedance and mass transfer resistance than SSC ionomers.In conclusion,LSC ionomers are more conducive to water-gas transport,which can provide excellent water electrolysis performance.This article focuses on the optimization of ionomer side chains and content,which can enhance PEM water electrolysis performance at lower cost.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373093 and 12072325)the Outstanding Youth Fund of Henan Province(No.242300421062)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFA0706802)the 111 project(No.D18023).
文摘With the rapid development of wearable electronic skin technology, flexible strain sensors have shown great application prospects in the fields of human motion and physiological signal detection, medical diagnostics, and human-computer interaction owing to their outstanding sensing performance. This paper reports a strain sensor with synergistic conductive network, consisting of stable carbon nanotube dispersion (CNT) layer and brittle MXene layer by dip-coating and electrostatic self-assembly method, and breathable three-dimensional (3D) flexible substrate of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibrous membrane prepared through electrospinning technology. The MXene/CNT@PDA-TPU (MC@p-TPU) flexible strain sensor had excellent air permeability, wide operating range (0–450 %), high sensitivity (Gauge Factor, GFmax = 8089.7), ultra-low detection limit (0.05 %), rapid response and recovery times (40 ms/60 ms), and excellent cycle stability and durability (10,000 cycles). Given its superior strain sensing capabilities, this sensor can be applied in physiological signals detection, human motion pattern recognition, and driving exoskeleton robots. In addition, MC@p-TPU fibrous membrane also exhibited excellent photothermal conversion performance and can be used as a wearable photo-heater, which has far-reaching application potential in the photothermal therapy of human joint diseases.
