Mega projects require large funding,which often reaches tens or even hundreds of billions of yuan.In the state-oriented financing system,the huge fund gap has generally become an important factor restricting the devel...Mega projects require large funding,which often reaches tens or even hundreds of billions of yuan.In the state-oriented financing system,the huge fund gap has generally become an important factor restricting the development of mega projects worldwide.Since the 1980s,China’s long-span bridge projects have developed rapidly as typical mega projects as their financing systems have also undergone a series of changes and shown a high adaptability to complexity.However,the existing literature based on the perspective of evolution lacks focus on the complexity of mega project financing systems and its causes.Therefore,the complexity of the financing methods employed in the financing systems for China’s long-span bridges is analyzed in this work from the dimensions of time and regions through investigation and interviews.On the basis of the results and complex adaptive systems theory,the causes of the complexity are further explored in terms of the clustering effects of financing subjects and the deep uncertainty of financing environments.Then,the evolution rules of financing systems of mega projects are established from the aspect of financing subjects,financing environments,and financing methods.The research results can enrich decision-makers’understanding of the essential attributes and formation mechanism of the financing systems of mega projects and provide powerful support for decision-making in financing.展开更多
Mega shopping mall projects have seen dramatic growth and great development in recent years in Egypt. Many new mega shopping mall projects are under construction and expecting to start working in the few coming years....Mega shopping mall projects have seen dramatic growth and great development in recent years in Egypt. Many new mega shopping mall projects are under construction and expecting to start working in the few coming years. In the absence of researches studying the Egyptian mega shopping mall projects, this study tries to highlight the most critical risks that face these projects and the associated most effective response methods to be employed. The scope covers the analysis from different perspectives by including owners/developers, designers, consultants, project managers, and contractors that have previous experience in large-scale projects such as shopping mall projects. In this study, 30 construction project risks are classified into six main categories according to their type and 150 risk mitigation/elimination measures are introduced to overcome the impact of risks under each of these risk categories. The results reveal that the main risk category that faces the mega shopping mall projects in Egypt is the one including the financial risk factors. The most critical risk factor that faces these projects is the financial ability of the client. These results are similar to findings by previous researches conducted for large projects in other countries.展开更多
There have been few studies on the hydropower exploitation plan for sections beyond the Inga hydropower project(HPP)in the lower reaches of the Congo River.Based on topographic and hydrological data of the basin,the e...There have been few studies on the hydropower exploitation plan for sections beyond the Inga hydropower project(HPP)in the lower reaches of the Congo River.Based on topographic and hydrological data of the basin,the exploitation plan for the lower reaches of the Congo River is herein studied.The preliminary proposal involves exploitation using three-cascade hydropower stations.The Grand Inga HPP is the core of the mega hydropower base.The full supply level(FSL)of the reservoir,installed capacity,and regulation performance of the Grand Inga HPP are studied in detail.The main advantages and disadvantages of the high and low dam schemes of the Grand Inga Hydropower Project are compared,in addition to their effects on the overall development of the hydropower base.Moreover,the installed capacity is optimized based on the load characteristics.Based on simulation of cascade hydropower operation and comprehensive analysis,the project scale and implementation sequence is proposed.The influence of hydropower on socio-economic development,energy supply,and emission reduction is analyzed.Finally,the optimal exploitation scheme of the mega hydropower base for the lower reaches of the Congo River is proposed.展开更多
The price of oil is probably the single most important economic variable in the global economy. The rapid drop in price of oil in 2014 set analysts and commentators busy, trying to predict its trajectory and implicati...The price of oil is probably the single most important economic variable in the global economy. The rapid drop in price of oil in 2014 set analysts and commentators busy, trying to predict its trajectory and implications. More than $150 billion of investments have been cancelled by oil companies in 2015 due to the low price of oil, with more spending cuts to follow in 2016. The oil price decline was supposed to catalyze a transfer of wealth from oil-producing countries to oil-consuming countries. It was estimated that a $10-a-barrel fall in the oil price transfers around 0.5 percent of world GDP from oil exporters to oil importers. The recent oil price collapse has far-reaching implications for capital projects in the oil and gas industry. The impact of a fall in oil price is analyzed for a large capital investment project, involving the construction and operation of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant. The breakeven price (BEP) of oil for the project is determined.展开更多
大型工程施工过程中产生了海量的安全隐患排查记录,蕴含了多类隐患要素关联知识,对工程安全管控有重要参考意义。然而,通过人工手段进行隐患危险源信息抽取与其内在关联挖掘耗时费力,难以及时反馈现场管控。提出一种基于通用信息抽取(Un...大型工程施工过程中产生了海量的安全隐患排查记录,蕴含了多类隐患要素关联知识,对工程安全管控有重要参考意义。然而,通过人工手段进行隐患危险源信息抽取与其内在关联挖掘耗时费力,难以及时反馈现场管控。提出一种基于通用信息抽取(Universal Information Extraction, UIE)框架与改进Apriori算法的隐患危险源实体智能抽取与知识挖掘方法。首先,基于UIE框架构建危险源实体识别模型,确定实体抽取提示标签,并通过小样本微调实现高效、准确的危险源实体自动抽取;然后,提出考虑隐患数据类型约束改进Apriori算法流程,进行多要素关联规则的挖掘与可视化。实例分析表明,所提出的危险源实体抽取模型在验证集与测试集上的F1值分别达到了0.892和0.886,显著高于基础模型的0.253与0.307,在整体模型上的危险源实体识别率提高了36.66%;此外,利用桑基图和关联网络图对改进Apriori抽取的多要素强关联规则进行可视化,展示出良好的可解释性。可为大型工程的海量安全隐患文本知识挖掘提供了高效、智能化的技术手段,为施工现场针对性安全管控措施制定提供了数据支持。展开更多
基金This work was part of the research funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71671088,71841026,71732003,71471082,and 71573037)by the Third Phases of the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Su Zheng Ban Made(2018)No.87).
文摘Mega projects require large funding,which often reaches tens or even hundreds of billions of yuan.In the state-oriented financing system,the huge fund gap has generally become an important factor restricting the development of mega projects worldwide.Since the 1980s,China’s long-span bridge projects have developed rapidly as typical mega projects as their financing systems have also undergone a series of changes and shown a high adaptability to complexity.However,the existing literature based on the perspective of evolution lacks focus on the complexity of mega project financing systems and its causes.Therefore,the complexity of the financing methods employed in the financing systems for China’s long-span bridges is analyzed in this work from the dimensions of time and regions through investigation and interviews.On the basis of the results and complex adaptive systems theory,the causes of the complexity are further explored in terms of the clustering effects of financing subjects and the deep uncertainty of financing environments.Then,the evolution rules of financing systems of mega projects are established from the aspect of financing subjects,financing environments,and financing methods.The research results can enrich decision-makers’understanding of the essential attributes and formation mechanism of the financing systems of mega projects and provide powerful support for decision-making in financing.
文摘Mega shopping mall projects have seen dramatic growth and great development in recent years in Egypt. Many new mega shopping mall projects are under construction and expecting to start working in the few coming years. In the absence of researches studying the Egyptian mega shopping mall projects, this study tries to highlight the most critical risks that face these projects and the associated most effective response methods to be employed. The scope covers the analysis from different perspectives by including owners/developers, designers, consultants, project managers, and contractors that have previous experience in large-scale projects such as shopping mall projects. In this study, 30 construction project risks are classified into six main categories according to their type and 150 risk mitigation/elimination measures are introduced to overcome the impact of risks under each of these risk categories. The results reveal that the main risk category that faces the mega shopping mall projects in Egypt is the one including the financial risk factors. The most critical risk factor that faces these projects is the financial ability of the client. These results are similar to findings by previous researches conducted for large projects in other countries.
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation of China Science and Technology Project(Title:Study on Method and Evaluation Principle for the Cross-Continent Power Transmission Planning)。
文摘There have been few studies on the hydropower exploitation plan for sections beyond the Inga hydropower project(HPP)in the lower reaches of the Congo River.Based on topographic and hydrological data of the basin,the exploitation plan for the lower reaches of the Congo River is herein studied.The preliminary proposal involves exploitation using three-cascade hydropower stations.The Grand Inga HPP is the core of the mega hydropower base.The full supply level(FSL)of the reservoir,installed capacity,and regulation performance of the Grand Inga HPP are studied in detail.The main advantages and disadvantages of the high and low dam schemes of the Grand Inga Hydropower Project are compared,in addition to their effects on the overall development of the hydropower base.Moreover,the installed capacity is optimized based on the load characteristics.Based on simulation of cascade hydropower operation and comprehensive analysis,the project scale and implementation sequence is proposed.The influence of hydropower on socio-economic development,energy supply,and emission reduction is analyzed.Finally,the optimal exploitation scheme of the mega hydropower base for the lower reaches of the Congo River is proposed.
文摘The price of oil is probably the single most important economic variable in the global economy. The rapid drop in price of oil in 2014 set analysts and commentators busy, trying to predict its trajectory and implications. More than $150 billion of investments have been cancelled by oil companies in 2015 due to the low price of oil, with more spending cuts to follow in 2016. The oil price decline was supposed to catalyze a transfer of wealth from oil-producing countries to oil-consuming countries. It was estimated that a $10-a-barrel fall in the oil price transfers around 0.5 percent of world GDP from oil exporters to oil importers. The recent oil price collapse has far-reaching implications for capital projects in the oil and gas industry. The impact of a fall in oil price is analyzed for a large capital investment project, involving the construction and operation of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant. The breakeven price (BEP) of oil for the project is determined.
文摘大型工程施工过程中产生了海量的安全隐患排查记录,蕴含了多类隐患要素关联知识,对工程安全管控有重要参考意义。然而,通过人工手段进行隐患危险源信息抽取与其内在关联挖掘耗时费力,难以及时反馈现场管控。提出一种基于通用信息抽取(Universal Information Extraction, UIE)框架与改进Apriori算法的隐患危险源实体智能抽取与知识挖掘方法。首先,基于UIE框架构建危险源实体识别模型,确定实体抽取提示标签,并通过小样本微调实现高效、准确的危险源实体自动抽取;然后,提出考虑隐患数据类型约束改进Apriori算法流程,进行多要素关联规则的挖掘与可视化。实例分析表明,所提出的危险源实体抽取模型在验证集与测试集上的F1值分别达到了0.892和0.886,显著高于基础模型的0.253与0.307,在整体模型上的危险源实体识别率提高了36.66%;此外,利用桑基图和关联网络图对改进Apriori抽取的多要素强关联规则进行可视化,展示出良好的可解释性。可为大型工程的海量安全隐患文本知识挖掘提供了高效、智能化的技术手段,为施工现场针对性安全管控措施制定提供了数据支持。
