Microemulsions are usually used to prepare nanomaterials.The fo rmation behavior of microemulsions is crucial to the preparation of nanomaterials.Water in the internal phase is usually replaced by electrolyte solution...Microemulsions are usually used to prepare nanomaterials.The fo rmation behavior of microemulsions is crucial to the preparation of nanomaterials.Water in the internal phase is usually replaced by electrolyte solutions to prepare nanomaterials.Knowing the effects of electrolyte solution on the phase behavior of microemulsion is significant to the nanomaterial preparation.Microemulsion systems were studied by a conductivity method with cyclohexane as oil,Triton X-100 as surfactant,hexanol as cosurfactant,and deionized water or the electrolyte solutions of Cu(Ac)_(2)and Zn(Ac)_(2)as aqueous phases.The results showed that the replacement of water with electrolyte solution had a strong effect on the phase behavior of microemulsion system.The O/W microemulsion zone in water system was not observed in the studied electrolyte system.The shape and area of the corresponding phase zone in electrolyte system were different from that in water system.The microemulsion regions of electrolyte solution systems were always larger than that of water system.Zn(Ac)_(2)showed a larger microemulsion region than Cu(Ac)_(2)at 0.1 mol·L^(-1).The microemulsion phase region formed by 0.1 mol·L^(-1)Zn(Ac)_(2)+0.1 mol·L^(-1)Cu(Ac)_(2)was smaller than that formed by 0.1 mol·L^(-1)Zn(Ac)_(2)or 0.1 mol·L^(-1)Cu(Ac)_(2)lonely.With the increase of electrolyte concentration in the electrolyte solution and the rise of temperature,the microemulsion region shrank gradually.The changes of interactions between different components in the system should be responsible to the variation of phase behavior.The results provide important information for the microemulsion system with electrolyte solution as aqueous phase.展开更多
Regulating the freedom and distribution of H_(2)O molecules has become the decisive factor in enlarging the electrochemical stability window(ESW)of aqueous electrolytes.Compared with the water in a bulk electrolyte,H_...Regulating the freedom and distribution of H_(2)O molecules has become the decisive factor in enlarging the electrochemical stability window(ESW)of aqueous electrolytes.Compared with the water in a bulk electrolyte,H_(2)O molecules at the electrode-electrolyte interface tend to directly split under bias potential.Therefore,the composition and properties of the interfacial microenvironment are the crux for optimizing ESW.Herein,we developed a heterogel electrolyte with wide ESW(4.88 V)and satisfactory ionic conductivity(4.4 mS/cm)inspired by the bicontinuous architecture and surfactant self-assembly behavior in the ionic liquid microemulsion-based template.This electrolyte was capable of expanding the ESW through the dynamic oil/water/electrode interface ternary structure,which enriched the oil phase and assembled the hydrophobic surfactant tails at the interface to prevent H_(2)O molecules from approaching the electrode surface.Moreover,the surfactant Tween 20 and polymer network effectively suppressed the activity of H_(2)O molecules through H-bond interactions,which was beneficial in expanding the operating voltage range and improving the temperature tolerance.The prepared gel electrolyte demonstrated unparalleled adaptability in various aqueous lithium-based energy storage devices.Notably,the lithium-ion capacitor showed an extended operating voltage of 2.2 V and could provide a high power density of 1350.36 W/kg at an energy density of 6 Wh/kg.It maintained normal power output even in the challenging harsh environment,which enabled 11,000 uninterrupted charge-discharge cycles at 0℃.This work focuses on the regulation of the interfacial microdomain and the restriction of the degree of freedom of H_(2)O molecules to boost the ESW of aqueous electrolytes,providing a promising strategy for the advancement of energy storage technologies.展开更多
The concurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)presents a therapeutic challenge,often necessitating liver transplantation in severe cases.Paeoniflorin(PAE),known for its immun...The concurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)presents a therapeutic challenge,often necessitating liver transplantation in severe cases.Paeoniflorin(PAE),known for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties but with very high-water solubility and low permeability,is formulated into a paeoniflorin/phospholipid complex microemulsion(PAE-ME)to enhance its delivery in this study.It demonstrated the PAE-ME's macrophage-regulating ability to repolarize the pro-inflammatory M1 subtype to the anti-inflammatory M2 type and reduce inflammatory cytokine release.In a PSC-IBD mouse model,PAE-ME alleviated the symptoms and regulated bile acid balance.Given the close connection and crosstalk between the liver and intestine,PAE-ME yielded a synergistic therapeutic effect on both the liver and intestinal lesions.These findings suggest a promising translational approach for complex comorbidities by acting on the liver-gut axis.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and bacteriostasis of Yandureqing(AEE)and its microemulsion(AEE-ME).[Method]The acute toxicity was tested in mice by intragastric administration,and median l...[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and bacteriostasis of Yandureqing(AEE)and its microemulsion(AEE-ME).[Method]The acute toxicity was tested in mice by intragastric administration,and median lethal dose(LD50)as well as its 95% confidence interval was calculated by modified Karber method;the bacteriostasis was investigated by cylinder plate method.[Result]LD50 of AEE in mice was 10.937 g/kg with the 95% confidence interval of 9.309-12.850 g/kg;and LD50 of AEE-ME in mice was 5.357 g/kg with the 95% confidence interval of 4.388-6.566 g/kg.The MICs of AEE to Escherichia coli O149 from swine,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella pullorum and Streptococcus agalactiae were 10.00,20.00,20.00 and 10.00 mg/ml,respectively;while the MICs of AEE-ME to the 4 kinds of bacteria mentioned above were 5.00,10.00,5.00 and 5.00 mg/ml in turn,and that to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 20.00 mg/ml.[Conclusion]AEE is an actually nontoxic drug and AEE-ME belongs to the low toxic preparation.AEE and AEE-ME have obvious bacteriostasis,in which AEE-ME is superior to AEE.展开更多
Aim To prepare a self-emulsifying microemulsion of 9-nitrocamptothecin （9-NC ME） for intravenous injection and investi- gation of its pharmacokinetic profiles in normal SD rats. Methods 9-NC ME was optimized in term...Aim To prepare a self-emulsifying microemulsion of 9-nitrocamptothecin （9-NC ME） for intravenous injection and investi- gation of its pharmacokinetic profiles in normal SD rats. Methods 9-NC ME was optimized in terms of droplet size and lack of drug precipitation following aqueous dilution using a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Physicochemical properties of 9-NC ME were evaluated. 9-NC ME was intravenously administered via tail vein in healthy rats. Results A stable microemulsion was formulated consisted of soybean oil as oil phase, EPC/Tween-80 as emulsifier, and anhydrous ethanol as co-emulsifier. The droplets of the microemulsion were spherical shape with mean diameter of 38.3 ± 4.0 nm after 1：20 dilution with 5% glucose injection. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 9-NC ME after intravenous administration in rats were t1/2 of 0.97 ± 0.14 h, A UC0-8 of 372.77 ±49.62 ng·h·mL^-1 and MRT of 1.40 ± 0.21 h which were 1.4-fold, 1.65-fold, and 1.4-fold more than those of 9-NC solution （P〈0.01）. Conclusion The results suggested that 9-NC ME was a promising drug delivery system and it was expected to provide a novel 9-NC injection for cancer patients.展开更多
We established a RP-HPLC method for the analysis of silymarin in microemulsion. Silymarin was separated using a ODS C18 column and monitored at the wavelength 288 nm. The mobile phase consisting of methanol-water-acet...We established a RP-HPLC method for the analysis of silymarin in microemulsion. Silymarin was separated using a ODS C18 column and monitored at the wavelength 288 nm. The mobile phase consisting of methanol-water-acetic acid （42：58：0.5, v/v/v） was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The linear range of calibration curve was 10-1000 μg/mL. The average recovery was 99.0%-100.7% for silybin isomers. The RSD values of inter-day and intra-day assays were lower than 1.6% for silybin isomers. The method is simple, rapid, reproducible and precise for the quantitative determination of silymarin in microemulsion.展开更多
The nanometer cobalt blue pigments were prepared by microemulsion method. Using dynamic light scattering(DLS) test method, the influences of water content on the size of liquid drop of microemulsion and the liquid dro...The nanometer cobalt blue pigments were prepared by microemulsion method. Using dynamic light scattering(DLS) test method, the influences of water content on the size of liquid drop of microemulsion and the liquid drop of microemulsion on the final diameter of nanometer particle were studied in the course of preparation. Accordingly, the method to control the diameter of nanometer particle by changing water content was established. The nanometer cobalt blue particles were confirmed by XRD and TEM. Color parameters of pigments were determined. The quantum size effect of the pigments was discussed.展开更多
Triton Xs （TXs） surfactants/cosurfactant/water/oil （toluene） microemulsion systems for enhancing toluene solubilization were proposed and its potential was investigated for toluene removal from gas stream. The res...Triton Xs （TXs） surfactants/cosurfactant/water/oil （toluene） microemulsion systems for enhancing toluene solubilization were proposed and its potential was investigated for toluene removal from gas stream. The results indicated that TX-100 was superior to other TXs surfactants in removing toluene without cosurfactant. The efficiency of cosurfactants for improving toluene solubilization capacity follows the order： amine 〉 alcohol 〉 acid. According to the factor analysis, the linear cosurfactants are better than the branched ones. The effects of hydrophile-lipophile balance （HLB）, salt （NaCl） concentration and temperature on the formation of microemulsion system were also discussed. The results suggested that the optimum value of HLB was 15, the effect of NaCl concentration on the system was inconspicuous and the lower temperature enhanced the solubilization capacity. Nonionic surfactant-based microemulsions had a significant absorption enhancement for toluene, indicated by as much as 82.72% of toluene in phase composition diagram, which will have a great prospect in air pollution treatment.展开更多
Supercritical carbon dioxide （scCO2） microemulsion was formed by supercritical CO2, H20, sodium bis（2-ethylhexyl） sulfosuccinate （AOT, surfactant） and C2HsOH （co-surfactant） under pressures higher than 8 MPa a...Supercritical carbon dioxide （scCO2） microemulsion was formed by supercritical CO2, H20, sodium bis（2-ethylhexyl） sulfosuccinate （AOT, surfactant） and C2HsOH （co-surfactant） under pressures higher than 8 MPa at 45 ℃. The fundamental characteristics of the scCO2 microemulsion and the minimum miscibility pressure （MMP） with Daqing oil were investigated with a high-pressure falling sphere viscometer, a high-pressure interfacial tension meter, a PVT cell and a slim tube test. The mechanism of the scCO2 microemulsion for enhancing oil recovery is discussed. The results showed that the viscosity and density of the scCO2 microemulsion were higher than those of the scCO2 fluid at the same pressure and temperature. The results of interfacial tension and slim tube tests indicated that the MMP of the scCO2 microemulsion and crude oil was lower than that of the scCO2 and crude oil at 45 ℃. It is the combined action of viscosity, density and MMP which made the oil recovery efficiency of the scCO2 microemulsion higher than that of the scCO2 fluid.展开更多
Water solubility enhancements of naphthalene(Naph), phenantherene(Phen) and pyrene(Py) in sodium castor oil sulfonate(SCOS) microemulsions were evaluated. The apparent solubilities of PAHs are linearly proportional to...Water solubility enhancements of naphthalene(Naph), phenantherene(Phen) and pyrene(Py) in sodium castor oil sulfonate(SCOS) microemulsions were evaluated. The apparent solubilities of PAHs are linearly proportional to the concentrations of SCOS microemulsion, and the enhancement extent by SCOS solutions is greater than that by ordinary surfactants on the basis of weight solubilization ratio(WSR). The log K em values of Naph, Phen, and Py are 3 13, 4 44 and 5 01 respectively, which are about the same as the log K ow values. At 5000 mg/L of SCOS conccentration, the apparent solubilities are 8 80, 121, and 674 times as the intrinsic solubilities for Naph, Phen, and Py. The effects of inorganic ions and temperature on the solubilization of solutes are also investigated. The solubilization is improved with a moderate addition of Ca 2+ , Na +, NH + 4 and the mixture of Na +, K +, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and NH + 4. WSR values are enhanced by 22 0% for Naph, 23 4% for Phen, and 24 6% for Py with temperature increasing by 5℃. The results indicated that SCOS microemulsions improve the performance of the surfactant enhanced remediation(SER) of soil, by increasing solubilities of organic pollutants and reducing the level of surfactant pollution and remediation expenses.展开更多
In this study, we show that the percutaneous absorption and brain distribution of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP) is enhanced when combined with borneol(BN) in a microemulsionbased transdermal therapeutic system(ME-TTS). The...In this study, we show that the percutaneous absorption and brain distribution of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP) is enhanced when combined with borneol(BN) in a microemulsionbased transdermal therapeutic system(ME-TTS). The formulation of the TMP and BN microemulsion(TEM-BN-ME) was optimized in skin permeation studies in vitro following a uniform experimental design. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the in vivo pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies of TMP-BN-ME-TTS. In the pharmacokinetic study, the TMP-BN-ME-TTS treated rats had significantly higher( P < 0.05) C max and AUC of TMP than the TMP-ME-TTS treated rats, indicating that BN improves the rate and extent of TMP percutaneous absorption. In the tissue distribution study, the AUC of TMP in brain was significantly higher in the TMP-BN-ME-TTS group( P < 0.05), indicating that BN facilitates the distribution of TMP in brain. In summary, BN enhanced the percutaneous absorption and brain distribution of TMP in a microemulsion-based transdermal therapeutic system.展开更多
A novel kinetic mechanism of esterification reaction of 1-hexanoic acid with 1-butanol, catalyzed by lipase, was studied in water-in-oil microemulsions. The microemulsions were formed by alkyl polyglucoside C10G1.54/1...A novel kinetic mechanism of esterification reaction of 1-hexanoic acid with 1-butanol, catalyzed by lipase, was studied in water-in-oil microemulsions. The microemulsions were formed by alkyl polyglucoside C10G1.54/1-butanol / cyclohexane/phosphate buffer solution. The result shows that when the ratio of mol concentration of 1-butanol to 1-hexanoic acid is about 3.0, the initial rate V0 get the maximum values. This phenomenon was explained by the modified fishlike phase diagrams.展开更多
A new catalytic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amount of Se（Ⅳ） in microemulsion medium. The method is based on the catalytic effect of traces of Se（Ⅳ） on the oxidation of ...A new catalytic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amount of Se（Ⅳ） in microemulsion medium. The method is based on the catalytic effect of traces of Se（Ⅳ） on the oxidation of 2＇,4＇-dichlorophenylfluomne （p-CPF） by potassium bromate with HNO3 as an activator in the presence of nonionic microemulsion medium. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph is linear in the range of 0.4-15 μg·L^-1 of Se（Ⅳ） at 480 nm. The detection limit achieved is 9.86 × 10^-10μg·L^-1. Samples were dissolved and the obtained trace Se（Ⅳ） was separated and enriched by sulphydryl dextrane gel （SDG）. The method has been applied for determination of trace selenium with satisfactory results.展开更多
The cryo-fracture electron microscope was used to study the micro-structure of pesticide mi-croemulsions. The hydromechanical radius (Rh) and the distribution (fRh) of pesticide microemulsions were determined by photo...The cryo-fracture electron microscope was used to study the micro-structure of pesticide mi-croemulsions. The hydromechanical radius (Rh) and the distribution (fRh) of pesticide microemulsions were determined by photo-correlation spectroscopy. This study showed that the Rh was significantly greater when the ratio of surfactants to water (w/w) decreased to 20/31 from 27/26, and a bicontinuous structure was formed when the ratio dropped to 15/36. These results explained the relationship between pesticide properties and the microscopic structure, and provided a good method for studying the microscopic structure of pesticide formulations.展开更多
Microemulsion systems, composed of water, isopropyl myristate （IPM）, polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate （Tween 85 ）, and ethanol, were investigated as transdermal drug delivery vehicles for a lipophilic model drug...Microemulsion systems, composed of water, isopropyl myristate （IPM）, polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate （Tween 85 ）, and ethanol, were investigated as transdermal drug delivery vehicles for a lipophilic model drug（ meloxicam）. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemieal properties of the tested microemulsion and to find the correlation between the physicoehemical properties and the skin permeation rate of the microemulsion. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the investigated system at a constant surfactant/cosurfactant mass ratio （ Km = 1 ： 1 ） was constructed by titration at 20℃, and the five fommlations were selected for further research in the o/w microemulsion domains. The values of electrical conductivity and viscosity showed that the selected systems were bicontinuous or non-spherical o/w microemulsion, and the electrical conductivity and viscosity were increased with increasing the content of water. These results suggest that the optimum formulation of microemulsion, containing 0. 375 meloxicam, 5% isopropyl myristate, 25% Tween 85. 25% ethanol, and water, showed the maximum permeation rate. It had a high electrical conductivity, small droplet size, and proper viscocity.展开更多
The microemulsion copolymerizations of acrylic acid (AA),acrylamide (AM),N-methylol acrylamide (NMA),methylmethacrylate (MMA),butyl acrylate (BA) and acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by the redox initiator ammonium persul...The microemulsion copolymerizations of acrylic acid (AA),acrylamide (AM),N-methylol acrylamide (NMA),methylmethacrylate (MMA),butyl acrylate (BA) and acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by the redox initiator ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) at ambient temperature were investigated.With this process high solids-content (44.0 wt%) and small (less than 50 nm) particle diameter copolymer latexes were attained.The effects of surfactants,the mechanical stabilities and application properties as an environmentally friendly self-crosslinking pigment printing binder with multifunctional groups were studied.展开更多
Uniform CeVO4 nanowires with diameter of about 25 nm were synthesized by the water-in-oil microemulsion method at room temperature from cerous chloride, sodium orthophosphate, sodium chloride, cyclohexane, Triton X-10...Uniform CeVO4 nanowires with diameter of about 25 nm were synthesized by the water-in-oil microemulsion method at room temperature from cerous chloride, sodium orthophosphate, sodium chloride, cyclohexane, Triton X-100 and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB）. The crystal structure and morphology of the nanowires were characterized by XRD and TEM, respectively. The UV-vis absorption was detected by UV-vis spectrophotometer techniques. The results showed that as-prepared nanowires with the hexagonal phase have obvious quantum confinement effect and semiconductor characteristics. Little sodium chloride could play a positive role on the formation of CePO4 nanowires at room temperature. The size of the nanowires can be controlled through the joining of sodium chloride. C 2009 Yi Bin Yin. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 solid solution ultrafine particle was prepared in the cyclohexane/water/OP-10/n-hexanol reversed microemulsion. The quasi-ternary phase diagram investigations showed that the system has narrow W/O type mi...Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 solid solution ultrafine particle was prepared in the cyclohexane/water/OP-10/n-hexanol reversed microemulsion. The quasi-ternary phase diagram investigations showed that the system has narrow W/O type microemulison region, so it is the proper system to prepare Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 solid solution ultrafine particle. Some physical-chemical techniques such as TG/DTA, XRD, BET, and HRTEM are used to characterize the resultant powders. The results show that the fluorite cubic Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 solid solution is obtained at 400 ℃. The surface area is （146.7 m^2·g^-1）, which is higher than the surface area for sol-gel prepared sample （59.5m^2·g^-1）. HRTEM images indicated that the Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 solid solution ultrafine particle is well-crystallized, narrow size distribution, less agglomeration, within mean size of 5 -7 nm.展开更多
Selenium nanoparticles were prepared by a reverse microemulsion system. Sodium selenosulfate was used as selenium source. The results showed that hydrochloric acid concentration and reaction temperature had great infl...Selenium nanoparticles were prepared by a reverse microemulsion system. Sodium selenosulfate was used as selenium source. The results showed that hydrochloric acid concentration and reaction temperature had great influence on the morphology of products. The crystalline selenium nanowires and amorphous selenium nanorods were obtained in given condition.展开更多
The electrochemical oxidation of L-cysteine in an SDS/BA/H_2O microemulsion system was studied with the methods of ultramicroelectrode cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance. The catalytic efficiency of the microemulsion...The electrochemical oxidation of L-cysteine in an SDS/BA/H_2O microemulsion system was studied with the methods of ultramicroelectrode cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance. The catalytic efficiency of the microemulsion on the electrochemical oxidation increases with the increase of BA or SDS content, but decreases with the increase of the water content because of the effects of BA, SDS and water on the solubilization of L-cysteine in the microemulsion. Furthermore, the catalytic efficiency of the bicontinuous structure is greater than that of an O/W microemulsion system. The results derived from both the rate constant k0 and Gibbs free energy ΔG≠ accord with those from the catalytic efficiency.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078203)fundamental research funds for the central universities(2022SCUH0041)。
文摘Microemulsions are usually used to prepare nanomaterials.The fo rmation behavior of microemulsions is crucial to the preparation of nanomaterials.Water in the internal phase is usually replaced by electrolyte solutions to prepare nanomaterials.Knowing the effects of electrolyte solution on the phase behavior of microemulsion is significant to the nanomaterial preparation.Microemulsion systems were studied by a conductivity method with cyclohexane as oil,Triton X-100 as surfactant,hexanol as cosurfactant,and deionized water or the electrolyte solutions of Cu(Ac)_(2)and Zn(Ac)_(2)as aqueous phases.The results showed that the replacement of water with electrolyte solution had a strong effect on the phase behavior of microemulsion system.The O/W microemulsion zone in water system was not observed in the studied electrolyte system.The shape and area of the corresponding phase zone in electrolyte system were different from that in water system.The microemulsion regions of electrolyte solution systems were always larger than that of water system.Zn(Ac)_(2)showed a larger microemulsion region than Cu(Ac)_(2)at 0.1 mol·L^(-1).The microemulsion phase region formed by 0.1 mol·L^(-1)Zn(Ac)_(2)+0.1 mol·L^(-1)Cu(Ac)_(2)was smaller than that formed by 0.1 mol·L^(-1)Zn(Ac)_(2)or 0.1 mol·L^(-1)Cu(Ac)_(2)lonely.With the increase of electrolyte concentration in the electrolyte solution and the rise of temperature,the microemulsion region shrank gradually.The changes of interactions between different components in the system should be responsible to the variation of phase behavior.The results provide important information for the microemulsion system with electrolyte solution as aqueous phase.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22032003 and 22072073)。
文摘Regulating the freedom and distribution of H_(2)O molecules has become the decisive factor in enlarging the electrochemical stability window(ESW)of aqueous electrolytes.Compared with the water in a bulk electrolyte,H_(2)O molecules at the electrode-electrolyte interface tend to directly split under bias potential.Therefore,the composition and properties of the interfacial microenvironment are the crux for optimizing ESW.Herein,we developed a heterogel electrolyte with wide ESW(4.88 V)and satisfactory ionic conductivity(4.4 mS/cm)inspired by the bicontinuous architecture and surfactant self-assembly behavior in the ionic liquid microemulsion-based template.This electrolyte was capable of expanding the ESW through the dynamic oil/water/electrode interface ternary structure,which enriched the oil phase and assembled the hydrophobic surfactant tails at the interface to prevent H_(2)O molecules from approaching the electrode surface.Moreover,the surfactant Tween 20 and polymer network effectively suppressed the activity of H_(2)O molecules through H-bond interactions,which was beneficial in expanding the operating voltage range and improving the temperature tolerance.The prepared gel electrolyte demonstrated unparalleled adaptability in various aqueous lithium-based energy storage devices.Notably,the lithium-ion capacitor showed an extended operating voltage of 2.2 V and could provide a high power density of 1350.36 W/kg at an energy density of 6 Wh/kg.It maintained normal power output even in the challenging harsh environment,which enabled 11,000 uninterrupted charge-discharge cycles at 0℃.This work focuses on the regulation of the interfacial microdomain and the restriction of the degree of freedom of H_(2)O molecules to boost the ESW of aqueous electrolytes,providing a promising strategy for the advancement of energy storage technologies.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0203600,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82341232,81925035)+3 种基金Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(No.2021B0909050003)Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative(No.2024VBB0004)the Scientific Innovation Group Project in Zhongshan(No.CXTD2022011)supported by grants from the Program of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(No.22S21902900)。
文摘The concurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)presents a therapeutic challenge,often necessitating liver transplantation in severe cases.Paeoniflorin(PAE),known for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties but with very high-water solubility and low permeability,is formulated into a paeoniflorin/phospholipid complex microemulsion(PAE-ME)to enhance its delivery in this study.It demonstrated the PAE-ME's macrophage-regulating ability to repolarize the pro-inflammatory M1 subtype to the anti-inflammatory M2 type and reduce inflammatory cytokine release.In a PSC-IBD mouse model,PAE-ME alleviated the symptoms and regulated bile acid balance.Given the close connection and crosstalk between the liver and intestine,PAE-ME yielded a synergistic therapeutic effect on both the liver and intestinal lesions.These findings suggest a promising translational approach for complex comorbidities by acting on the liver-gut axis.
基金Supported by Specific Program Funded by Basic Scientific Research Operating Expenses of Central Public Scientific Research Institutes(BRF060403)Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Pro-grams of Gansu Province(0804NKCA074)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and bacteriostasis of Yandureqing(AEE)and its microemulsion(AEE-ME).[Method]The acute toxicity was tested in mice by intragastric administration,and median lethal dose(LD50)as well as its 95% confidence interval was calculated by modified Karber method;the bacteriostasis was investigated by cylinder plate method.[Result]LD50 of AEE in mice was 10.937 g/kg with the 95% confidence interval of 9.309-12.850 g/kg;and LD50 of AEE-ME in mice was 5.357 g/kg with the 95% confidence interval of 4.388-6.566 g/kg.The MICs of AEE to Escherichia coli O149 from swine,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella pullorum and Streptococcus agalactiae were 10.00,20.00,20.00 and 10.00 mg/ml,respectively;while the MICs of AEE-ME to the 4 kinds of bacteria mentioned above were 5.00,10.00,5.00 and 5.00 mg/ml in turn,and that to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 20.00 mg/ml.[Conclusion]AEE is an actually nontoxic drug and AEE-ME belongs to the low toxic preparation.AEE and AEE-ME have obvious bacteriostasis,in which AEE-ME is superior to AEE.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (GrantNo.30430760)the 985 projects (Phase II) of the State Key Labo-ratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs (Peking University, China).
文摘Aim To prepare a self-emulsifying microemulsion of 9-nitrocamptothecin （9-NC ME） for intravenous injection and investi- gation of its pharmacokinetic profiles in normal SD rats. Methods 9-NC ME was optimized in terms of droplet size and lack of drug precipitation following aqueous dilution using a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Physicochemical properties of 9-NC ME were evaluated. 9-NC ME was intravenously administered via tail vein in healthy rats. Results A stable microemulsion was formulated consisted of soybean oil as oil phase, EPC/Tween-80 as emulsifier, and anhydrous ethanol as co-emulsifier. The droplets of the microemulsion were spherical shape with mean diameter of 38.3 ± 4.0 nm after 1：20 dilution with 5% glucose injection. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 9-NC ME after intravenous administration in rats were t1/2 of 0.97 ± 0.14 h, A UC0-8 of 372.77 ±49.62 ng·h·mL^-1 and MRT of 1.40 ± 0.21 h which were 1.4-fold, 1.65-fold, and 1.4-fold more than those of 9-NC solution （P〈0.01）. Conclusion The results suggested that 9-NC ME was a promising drug delivery system and it was expected to provide a novel 9-NC injection for cancer patients.
文摘We established a RP-HPLC method for the analysis of silymarin in microemulsion. Silymarin was separated using a ODS C18 column and monitored at the wavelength 288 nm. The mobile phase consisting of methanol-water-acetic acid （42：58：0.5, v/v/v） was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The linear range of calibration curve was 10-1000 μg/mL. The average recovery was 99.0%-100.7% for silybin isomers. The RSD values of inter-day and intra-day assays were lower than 1.6% for silybin isomers. The method is simple, rapid, reproducible and precise for the quantitative determination of silymarin in microemulsion.
文摘The nanometer cobalt blue pigments were prepared by microemulsion method. Using dynamic light scattering(DLS) test method, the influences of water content on the size of liquid drop of microemulsion and the liquid drop of microemulsion on the final diameter of nanometer particle were studied in the course of preparation. Accordingly, the method to control the diameter of nanometer particle by changing water content was established. The nanometer cobalt blue particles were confirmed by XRD and TEM. Color parameters of pigments were determined. The quantum size effect of the pigments was discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20607008)the National Science Research Foundation of Yunnan Province Educational Office (No.07Y11138)
文摘Triton Xs （TXs） surfactants/cosurfactant/water/oil （toluene） microemulsion systems for enhancing toluene solubilization were proposed and its potential was investigated for toluene removal from gas stream. The results indicated that TX-100 was superior to other TXs surfactants in removing toluene without cosurfactant. The efficiency of cosurfactants for improving toluene solubilization capacity follows the order： amine 〉 alcohol 〉 acid. According to the factor analysis, the linear cosurfactants are better than the branched ones. The effects of hydrophile-lipophile balance （HLB）, salt （NaCl） concentration and temperature on the formation of microemulsion system were also discussed. The results suggested that the optimum value of HLB was 15, the effect of NaCl concentration on the system was inconspicuous and the lower temperature enhanced the solubilization capacity. Nonionic surfactant-based microemulsions had a significant absorption enhancement for toluene, indicated by as much as 82.72% of toluene in phase composition diagram, which will have a great prospect in air pollution treatment.
基金support from the National Natural Science Fund (50904073)the CNPC Science and Technology Innovation Fund (2008D-5006-02-06)
文摘Supercritical carbon dioxide （scCO2） microemulsion was formed by supercritical CO2, H20, sodium bis（2-ethylhexyl） sulfosuccinate （AOT, surfactant） and C2HsOH （co-surfactant） under pressures higher than 8 MPa at 45 ℃. The fundamental characteristics of the scCO2 microemulsion and the minimum miscibility pressure （MMP） with Daqing oil were investigated with a high-pressure falling sphere viscometer, a high-pressure interfacial tension meter, a PVT cell and a slim tube test. The mechanism of the scCO2 microemulsion for enhancing oil recovery is discussed. The results showed that the viscosity and density of the scCO2 microemulsion were higher than those of the scCO2 fluid at the same pressure and temperature. The results of interfacial tension and slim tube tests indicated that the MMP of the scCO2 microemulsion and crude oil was lower than that of the scCO2 and crude oil at 45 ℃. It is the combined action of viscosity, density and MMP which made the oil recovery efficiency of the scCO2 microemulsion higher than that of the scCO2 fluid.
文摘Water solubility enhancements of naphthalene(Naph), phenantherene(Phen) and pyrene(Py) in sodium castor oil sulfonate(SCOS) microemulsions were evaluated. The apparent solubilities of PAHs are linearly proportional to the concentrations of SCOS microemulsion, and the enhancement extent by SCOS solutions is greater than that by ordinary surfactants on the basis of weight solubilization ratio(WSR). The log K em values of Naph, Phen, and Py are 3 13, 4 44 and 5 01 respectively, which are about the same as the log K ow values. At 5000 mg/L of SCOS conccentration, the apparent solubilities are 8 80, 121, and 674 times as the intrinsic solubilities for Naph, Phen, and Py. The effects of inorganic ions and temperature on the solubilization of solutes are also investigated. The solubilization is improved with a moderate addition of Ca 2+ , Na +, NH + 4 and the mixture of Na +, K +, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and NH + 4. WSR values are enhanced by 22 0% for Naph, 23 4% for Phen, and 24 6% for Py with temperature increasing by 5℃. The results indicated that SCOS microemulsions improve the performance of the surfactant enhanced remediation(SER) of soil, by increasing solubilities of organic pollutants and reducing the level of surfactant pollution and remediation expenses.
基金supported by the Program from Shanghai Uni-versity of Traditional Chinese Medicine(B201725)
文摘In this study, we show that the percutaneous absorption and brain distribution of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP) is enhanced when combined with borneol(BN) in a microemulsionbased transdermal therapeutic system(ME-TTS). The formulation of the TMP and BN microemulsion(TEM-BN-ME) was optimized in skin permeation studies in vitro following a uniform experimental design. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the in vivo pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies of TMP-BN-ME-TTS. In the pharmacokinetic study, the TMP-BN-ME-TTS treated rats had significantly higher( P < 0.05) C max and AUC of TMP than the TMP-ME-TTS treated rats, indicating that BN improves the rate and extent of TMP percutaneous absorption. In the tissue distribution study, the AUC of TMP in brain was significantly higher in the TMP-BN-ME-TTS group( P < 0.05), indicating that BN facilitates the distribution of TMP in brain. In summary, BN enhanced the percutaneous absorption and brain distribution of TMP in a microemulsion-based transdermal therapeutic system.
文摘A novel kinetic mechanism of esterification reaction of 1-hexanoic acid with 1-butanol, catalyzed by lipase, was studied in water-in-oil microemulsions. The microemulsions were formed by alkyl polyglucoside C10G1.54/1-butanol / cyclohexane/phosphate buffer solution. The result shows that when the ratio of mol concentration of 1-butanol to 1-hexanoic acid is about 3.0, the initial rate V0 get the maximum values. This phenomenon was explained by the modified fishlike phase diagrams.
文摘A new catalytic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amount of Se（Ⅳ） in microemulsion medium. The method is based on the catalytic effect of traces of Se（Ⅳ） on the oxidation of 2＇,4＇-dichlorophenylfluomne （p-CPF） by potassium bromate with HNO3 as an activator in the presence of nonionic microemulsion medium. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph is linear in the range of 0.4-15 μg·L^-1 of Se（Ⅳ） at 480 nm. The detection limit achieved is 9.86 × 10^-10μg·L^-1. Samples were dissolved and the obtained trace Se（Ⅳ） was separated and enriched by sulphydryl dextrane gel （SDG）. The method has been applied for determination of trace selenium with satisfactory results.
文摘The cryo-fracture electron microscope was used to study the micro-structure of pesticide mi-croemulsions. The hydromechanical radius (Rh) and the distribution (fRh) of pesticide microemulsions were determined by photo-correlation spectroscopy. This study showed that the Rh was significantly greater when the ratio of surfactants to water (w/w) decreased to 20/31 from 27/26, and a bicontinuous structure was formed when the ratio dropped to 15/36. These results explained the relationship between pesticide properties and the microscopic structure, and provided a good method for studying the microscopic structure of pesticide formulations.
基金Supported by of the "863" Program of China(No 2003AA2Z347C)
文摘Microemulsion systems, composed of water, isopropyl myristate （IPM）, polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate （Tween 85 ）, and ethanol, were investigated as transdermal drug delivery vehicles for a lipophilic model drug（ meloxicam）. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemieal properties of the tested microemulsion and to find the correlation between the physicoehemical properties and the skin permeation rate of the microemulsion. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the investigated system at a constant surfactant/cosurfactant mass ratio （ Km = 1 ： 1 ） was constructed by titration at 20℃, and the five fommlations were selected for further research in the o/w microemulsion domains. The values of electrical conductivity and viscosity showed that the selected systems were bicontinuous or non-spherical o/w microemulsion, and the electrical conductivity and viscosity were increased with increasing the content of water. These results suggest that the optimum formulation of microemulsion, containing 0. 375 meloxicam, 5% isopropyl myristate, 25% Tween 85. 25% ethanol, and water, showed the maximum permeation rate. It had a high electrical conductivity, small droplet size, and proper viscocity.
文摘The microemulsion copolymerizations of acrylic acid (AA),acrylamide (AM),N-methylol acrylamide (NMA),methylmethacrylate (MMA),butyl acrylate (BA) and acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by the redox initiator ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) at ambient temperature were investigated.With this process high solids-content (44.0 wt%) and small (less than 50 nm) particle diameter copolymer latexes were attained.The effects of surfactants,the mechanical stabilities and application properties as an environmentally friendly self-crosslinking pigment printing binder with multifunctional groups were studied.
基金support by the Awarding Foundation for Middle and Young-Age Scientist of Shandong Province(2005).
文摘Uniform CeVO4 nanowires with diameter of about 25 nm were synthesized by the water-in-oil microemulsion method at room temperature from cerous chloride, sodium orthophosphate, sodium chloride, cyclohexane, Triton X-100 and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB）. The crystal structure and morphology of the nanowires were characterized by XRD and TEM, respectively. The UV-vis absorption was detected by UV-vis spectrophotometer techniques. The results showed that as-prepared nanowires with the hexagonal phase have obvious quantum confinement effect and semiconductor characteristics. Little sodium chloride could play a positive role on the formation of CePO4 nanowires at room temperature. The size of the nanowires can be controlled through the joining of sodium chloride. C 2009 Yi Bin Yin. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
文摘Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 solid solution ultrafine particle was prepared in the cyclohexane/water/OP-10/n-hexanol reversed microemulsion. The quasi-ternary phase diagram investigations showed that the system has narrow W/O type microemulison region, so it is the proper system to prepare Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 solid solution ultrafine particle. Some physical-chemical techniques such as TG/DTA, XRD, BET, and HRTEM are used to characterize the resultant powders. The results show that the fluorite cubic Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 solid solution is obtained at 400 ℃. The surface area is （146.7 m^2·g^-1）, which is higher than the surface area for sol-gel prepared sample （59.5m^2·g^-1）. HRTEM images indicated that the Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 solid solution ultrafine particle is well-crystallized, narrow size distribution, less agglomeration, within mean size of 5 -7 nm.
文摘Selenium nanoparticles were prepared by a reverse microemulsion system. Sodium selenosulfate was used as selenium source. The results showed that hydrochloric acid concentration and reaction temperature had great influence on the morphology of products. The crystalline selenium nanowires and amorphous selenium nanorods were obtained in given condition.
文摘The electrochemical oxidation of L-cysteine in an SDS/BA/H_2O microemulsion system was studied with the methods of ultramicroelectrode cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance. The catalytic efficiency of the microemulsion on the electrochemical oxidation increases with the increase of BA or SDS content, but decreases with the increase of the water content because of the effects of BA, SDS and water on the solubilization of L-cysteine in the microemulsion. Furthermore, the catalytic efficiency of the bicontinuous structure is greater than that of an O/W microemulsion system. The results derived from both the rate constant k0 and Gibbs free energy ΔG≠ accord with those from the catalytic efficiency.
