Traditional chemical processes often generate substantial waste,leading to significant pollution of water,air,and soil.Developing ecofriendly chemical methods is crucial for economic and environmental sustainability.M...Traditional chemical processes often generate substantial waste,leading to significant pollution of water,air,and soil.Developing ecofriendly chemical methods is crucial for economic and environmental sustainability.Mechano-driven chemistry,with its potential for material recyclability and minimal byproducts,is well-aligned with green chemistry principles.Despite its origins over 2000 years ago and nearly 200years of scientific investigation,mechano-driven chemistry has not been widely implemented in practice.This is likely due to a lack of comprehensive understanding and the complex physical effects of mechanical forces,which challenge reaction efficiency and scalability.This review summarizes the historical development of mechano-driven chemistry and discusses its progress across various physical mechanisms,including mechanochemistry,tribochemistry,piezochemistry,and contact electrification(CE)chemistry.CE-induced chemical reactions,involving ion transfer,electron transfer,and radical generation,are detailed,emphasizing the dominant role of radicals initiated by electron transfer and the influence of ion transfer through electrical double layer(EDL)formation.Advancing efficient,eco-friendly,and controllable green chemical technologies can reduce reliance on traditional energy sources(such as electricity and heat)and toxic chemical reagents,fostering innovation in material synthesis,catalytic technologies,and establishing a new paradigm for broader chemical applications.展开更多
For engineering electromagnetism,one of a typical case is that a medium/object rotates possibly with a deformable time-dependent shape.The electrodynamic behavior of such a system is governed by the Maxwell’s equatio...For engineering electromagnetism,one of a typical case is that a medium/object rotates possibly with a deformable time-dependent shape.The electrodynamic behavior of such a system is governed by the Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system(MEs-f-MDMS).Here,by defining the effective electric and magnetic fields,the MEs-f-MDMS reduces to the stand-ard form of the Maxwell’s equations(MEs)in some engineering scenarios.This means that the accelerated motion of a medium is a source for generating electromagnetic wave,while the propagation of the waves in the system follows the classical MEs.Therefore,the standard methods for solving the MEs can be adequately applied.We first present the theoretical derivation,then we will present the solutions of the MEs-f-MDMS in both time-and frequency-space.Second,the shortcomings in classical approach regarding to the calculation of electromagnetic radiation from a rotating medium is analyzed.Third,the theory about the impact of medium rota-tion on reflection and transmission of a plane wave at an interface is considered.Fourth,the theory for quantifying the output of tri-boelectric nanogenerator is given.Fifth,since the effective fields warrant the covariance of the MEs,the Lorentz transformation can be introduced for extrapolating the effective field theory to a case there is a translation motion of the system with considering rela-tivistic effect.Finally,recent progresses about the experimental proofs in supporting the MEs-f-MDMS are covered.展开更多
Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system(MEs-f-MDMS)have been used to characterize the electromagnetism of multislow-moving media that may be accelerated with complex trajectories.Such an approach starts...Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system(MEs-f-MDMS)have been used to characterize the electromagnetism of multislow-moving media that may be accelerated with complex trajectories.Such an approach starts from the integral forms of the four physics laws and is different from the classical approach of using the Lorentz transformation for correlating the electromagnetic phenomena observed in two inertial reference frames with relative motion.The governing equations inside the moving object/medium are the MEs-f-MDMS,and those in vacuum are the classical Maxwell’s equations;the full solutions of both reconcile at the medium surface/interface and satisfy the boundary conditions.This paper reviews the background,physical principle,and mathematical derivations for formulating the MEs-f-MDMS.Strategies are also presented for mathematically solving the MEs-f-MDMS.The unique advances made by the MEs-f-MDMS have been systematically summarized,as are their potential applications in engineering.We found that the Lorentz transformation is perfect for treating the electromagnetic phenomena of moving point charges in vacuum;however,for moving objects,the covariance of Maxwell’s equations may not hold,and use of the MEs-f-MDMS may be required if the velocity is low.Finally,recent advances for treating the boundary conditions at the nanoscale without assuming an abrupt boundary are also reviewed.展开更多
从实际工程应用角度出发,我们构建了非匀速运动介质(物体)系统中的动生麦克斯韦方程组(Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system),拟解决在非惯性系中低速变速运动介质以及介质形状和边界随时间/空间变化时电磁场的动...从实际工程应用角度出发,我们构建了非匀速运动介质(物体)系统中的动生麦克斯韦方程组(Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system),拟解决在非惯性系中低速变速运动介质以及介质形状和边界随时间/空间变化时电磁场的动力学演化规律.本文概括总结了动生麦克斯韦方程组理论的核心内容,包括方程组的构建背景、物理图像、基本特点、与经典方程组之间的区别和联系、求解方法、潜在应用范围等.深入探讨了动生麦克斯韦方程组和经典麦克斯韦方程组之间的四个主要区别,并提出近场电动力学与远场电动力学的基本概念.最后,对动生麦克斯韦方程组在科学和技术方面的潜在影响进行分析和展望.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.22479016)。
文摘Traditional chemical processes often generate substantial waste,leading to significant pollution of water,air,and soil.Developing ecofriendly chemical methods is crucial for economic and environmental sustainability.Mechano-driven chemistry,with its potential for material recyclability and minimal byproducts,is well-aligned with green chemistry principles.Despite its origins over 2000 years ago and nearly 200years of scientific investigation,mechano-driven chemistry has not been widely implemented in practice.This is likely due to a lack of comprehensive understanding and the complex physical effects of mechanical forces,which challenge reaction efficiency and scalability.This review summarizes the historical development of mechano-driven chemistry and discusses its progress across various physical mechanisms,including mechanochemistry,tribochemistry,piezochemistry,and contact electrification(CE)chemistry.CE-induced chemical reactions,involving ion transfer,electron transfer,and radical generation,are detailed,emphasizing the dominant role of radicals initiated by electron transfer and the influence of ion transfer through electrical double layer(EDL)formation.Advancing efficient,eco-friendly,and controllable green chemical technologies can reduce reliance on traditional energy sources(such as electricity and heat)and toxic chemical reagents,fostering innovation in material synthesis,catalytic technologies,and establishing a new paradigm for broader chemical applications.
文摘For engineering electromagnetism,one of a typical case is that a medium/object rotates possibly with a deformable time-dependent shape.The electrodynamic behavior of such a system is governed by the Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system(MEs-f-MDMS).Here,by defining the effective electric and magnetic fields,the MEs-f-MDMS reduces to the stand-ard form of the Maxwell’s equations(MEs)in some engineering scenarios.This means that the accelerated motion of a medium is a source for generating electromagnetic wave,while the propagation of the waves in the system follows the classical MEs.Therefore,the standard methods for solving the MEs can be adequately applied.We first present the theoretical derivation,then we will present the solutions of the MEs-f-MDMS in both time-and frequency-space.Second,the shortcomings in classical approach regarding to the calculation of electromagnetic radiation from a rotating medium is analyzed.Third,the theory about the impact of medium rota-tion on reflection and transmission of a plane wave at an interface is considered.Fourth,the theory for quantifying the output of tri-boelectric nanogenerator is given.Fifth,since the effective fields warrant the covariance of the MEs,the Lorentz transformation can be introduced for extrapolating the effective field theory to a case there is a translation motion of the system with considering rela-tivistic effect.Finally,recent progresses about the experimental proofs in supporting the MEs-f-MDMS are covered.
文摘Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system(MEs-f-MDMS)have been used to characterize the electromagnetism of multislow-moving media that may be accelerated with complex trajectories.Such an approach starts from the integral forms of the four physics laws and is different from the classical approach of using the Lorentz transformation for correlating the electromagnetic phenomena observed in two inertial reference frames with relative motion.The governing equations inside the moving object/medium are the MEs-f-MDMS,and those in vacuum are the classical Maxwell’s equations;the full solutions of both reconcile at the medium surface/interface and satisfy the boundary conditions.This paper reviews the background,physical principle,and mathematical derivations for formulating the MEs-f-MDMS.Strategies are also presented for mathematically solving the MEs-f-MDMS.The unique advances made by the MEs-f-MDMS have been systematically summarized,as are their potential applications in engineering.We found that the Lorentz transformation is perfect for treating the electromagnetic phenomena of moving point charges in vacuum;however,for moving objects,the covariance of Maxwell’s equations may not hold,and use of the MEs-f-MDMS may be required if the velocity is low.Finally,recent advances for treating the boundary conditions at the nanoscale without assuming an abrupt boundary are also reviewed.
文摘从实际工程应用角度出发,我们构建了非匀速运动介质(物体)系统中的动生麦克斯韦方程组(Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system),拟解决在非惯性系中低速变速运动介质以及介质形状和边界随时间/空间变化时电磁场的动力学演化规律.本文概括总结了动生麦克斯韦方程组理论的核心内容,包括方程组的构建背景、物理图像、基本特点、与经典方程组之间的区别和联系、求解方法、潜在应用范围等.深入探讨了动生麦克斯韦方程组和经典麦克斯韦方程组之间的四个主要区别,并提出近场电动力学与远场电动力学的基本概念.最后,对动生麦克斯韦方程组在科学和技术方面的潜在影响进行分析和展望.
