Laser triangulation theory was used to develop a novel contact-free method for measuring the coal level in a silo under harsh environmental conditions found in coal mines, such as the presence of dense dust, high humi...Laser triangulation theory was used to develop a novel contact-free method for measuring the coal level in a silo under harsh environmental conditions found in coal mines, such as the presence of dense dust, high humidity, and low illumination. A laser source and a camera were mounted at the top of the silo. The laser spot projected into the silo was imaged by the camera. The pinhole imaging principle allows the level to be found from the lateral shift of the spot image on the sensor. A pre-calibrated look-up table of the coal depth versus spot position was used to obtain the depth. The measurement accuracy depends on the step size used during pre-calibration. The actual application of a device designed according to these principles shows that it is easy to implement. The detection of the coal level in a silo at the low illumination level found in coal mines is demonstrated.展开更多
The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC)converts the chemical energy of hydrogen fuel directly into electrical energy with broad application prospects.Understanding how current density is distributed in the PEMFC...The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC)converts the chemical energy of hydrogen fuel directly into electrical energy with broad application prospects.Understanding how current density is distributed in the PEMFC systems is crucial as it is a key factor influencing system performance.However,direct modeling for current distribution may encounter the challenge of dimensional catastrophe owing to the high dimensionality of the data.This paper uses a high-resolution segmented measurement device with 396 points to conduct experimental tests on the current distribution of a PEMFC with reactive area of 406 cm^(2) during a stepwise increase in load current.The current distribution is modeled based on the test results to learn the mapping relationship between the experimental parameters and the current distribution.The proposed model utilizes a Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder(CVAE)to generate current distributions.The MSE(Mean-Square Error)of the trained CVAE model reaches 9.2×10^(-5),and the comparison results show that the 222.9A current distribution error has the largest MSE of 6.36×10^(-4) and a KL Divergence(Kullback-Leibler Divergence)of 9.55×10^(-4),both of which are at a low level.This model enables the direct determination of the current distribution based on the experimental parameters,thereby establishing a technical foundation for investigating the impact of experimental conditions on fuel cells.This model is also of great significance for research on fuel cell system control strategies and fault diagnosis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (No. 51074169)
文摘Laser triangulation theory was used to develop a novel contact-free method for measuring the coal level in a silo under harsh environmental conditions found in coal mines, such as the presence of dense dust, high humidity, and low illumination. A laser source and a camera were mounted at the top of the silo. The laser spot projected into the silo was imaged by the camera. The pinhole imaging principle allows the level to be found from the lateral shift of the spot image on the sensor. A pre-calibrated look-up table of the coal depth versus spot position was used to obtain the depth. The measurement accuracy depends on the step size used during pre-calibration. The actual application of a device designed according to these principles shows that it is easy to implement. The detection of the coal level in a silo at the low illumination level found in coal mines is demonstrated.
基金sponsored by Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province(2024ZDZX0035 and 2024ZHCG0072)。
文摘The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC)converts the chemical energy of hydrogen fuel directly into electrical energy with broad application prospects.Understanding how current density is distributed in the PEMFC systems is crucial as it is a key factor influencing system performance.However,direct modeling for current distribution may encounter the challenge of dimensional catastrophe owing to the high dimensionality of the data.This paper uses a high-resolution segmented measurement device with 396 points to conduct experimental tests on the current distribution of a PEMFC with reactive area of 406 cm^(2) during a stepwise increase in load current.The current distribution is modeled based on the test results to learn the mapping relationship between the experimental parameters and the current distribution.The proposed model utilizes a Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder(CVAE)to generate current distributions.The MSE(Mean-Square Error)of the trained CVAE model reaches 9.2×10^(-5),and the comparison results show that the 222.9A current distribution error has the largest MSE of 6.36×10^(-4) and a KL Divergence(Kullback-Leibler Divergence)of 9.55×10^(-4),both of which are at a low level.This model enables the direct determination of the current distribution based on the experimental parameters,thereby establishing a technical foundation for investigating the impact of experimental conditions on fuel cells.This model is also of great significance for research on fuel cell system control strategies and fault diagnosis.
