Background:Urolithiasis is defined as the stone formation in urinary tracts as the result of an increase in the excretion of stone-forming compounds.There is a folklore claim for the use of Alhagi maurorum as a remedy...Background:Urolithiasis is defined as the stone formation in urinary tracts as the result of an increase in the excretion of stone-forming compounds.There is a folklore claim for the use of Alhagi maurorum as a remedy to help the excretion of urinary stones in Egypt,India,Iran,Saudi Arabia,and Uzbekistan.Objective:The subject of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of A.maurorum in the treatment of urinary stones and its mechanism of action.Methods:literature search was carried out in databases of Google scholar,Springer,ScienceDirect,Wiley,PubMed,Scopus,and Magiran from the years of 1963 until 2024.with the Keywords of“A”“camelthorn”“A”plus“stone”“urinary track system”“diuretic”,and“mechanism of actions”.A total of 48 articles were collected,from which 12 articles were the references of its traditional uses and 2 articles for clinical studies and 12 for pharmacological studies,respectively.Results:The clinical studies on A.maurorum hydrosol and its ethanol extract implied on efficacy and safety of its oral administration of its hydrosol or ethanolic extract in exclusion of urinary stones in patients with urinary stones.The efficacy of A.maurorum extracts or its hydrosol on urinary stones is related to its diuretic effects,ureter dilating effects,dissolution of calcium oxalate stones as well as its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects,which is attributed to the components such as Epigallocatechin(EGC),Quercetin,kaempferol,and𝛽-sitosterol.Conclusion:Large clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of A.maurorum alone or in combination with other plant extracts.展开更多
Objectives:While the protective effects of Alhagi maurorum have been shown against various ailments,its role against norfloxacin-induced adverse effects has not been studied.The current study was conducted to determin...Objectives:While the protective effects of Alhagi maurorum have been shown against various ailments,its role against norfloxacin-induced adverse effects has not been studied.The current study was conducted to determine the effect of A.maurorum aqueous extract against norfloxacin-induced side effects in rats.Methods:Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups,which received normal saline,norfloxacin(50 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day),A.maurorum aqueous extract(300 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day),and norfloxacin with A.maurorum aqueous extract by the same previous mentioned dosages.Blood samples were collected for hematological examination to evaluate liver and kidney function tests.Hepatic and renal tissue samples were obtained to assess antioxidant activity and histopathological examination.Results:A.maurorum aqueous extract significantly ameliorated norfloxacin-induced elevation in tissue malondialdehyde,and reduction in tissue antioxidant enzymes such as catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase activities as well as reduced glutathione concentration.Concurrent administration of A.maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin significantly reduced serum alkaline phosphatase,aminotransferases,urea,creatinine,and uric acid and increased RBCs count,Hb concentration,PCV,leucocyte,and monocyte counts compared with the norfloxacin-treated group.Co-administration of A.maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin prevented the degenerative changes induced by norfloxacin alone in liver and kidney tissues.The phytochemical profile of the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates,alkaloids,saponins,tannins,phenolics,and flavonoids.Conclusion:These findings indicated that A.maurorum possesses potent antioxidant activities and could be used to attenuate norfloxacin-induced side effects.展开更多
Objective:To explore the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Alhagi maurorum ethanolic extract(AME)in concanavalin A(Con A)-induced hepatitis(CIH)as well as possible underlying mechanisms.Methods:Polyphenols in AM...Objective:To explore the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Alhagi maurorum ethanolic extract(AME)in concanavalin A(Con A)-induced hepatitis(CIH)as well as possible underlying mechanisms.Methods:Polyphenols in AME were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 groups.Normal group received intravenous phosphate-buffered saline(PBS);Con A group received 40 mg/kg intravenous Con A.Prophylaxis group administered 300 mg/(kg·d)AME orally for 5 days before Con A intervention.Treatment group received intravenous Con A then administered300 mg/kg AME at 30 min and 3 h after Con A intervention.After 24 h of Con A injection,hepatic injury,oxidative stress,and inflammatory mediators were assessed.Histopathological examination and markers of apoptosis,inflammation,and CD4^(+)cell infiltration were also investigated.Results:HPLC analysis revealed that AME contains abundant polyphenols with pharmacological constituents,such as ellagic acid,gallic acid,ferulic acid,methylgallate,and naringenin.AME alleviated Con A-induced hepatic injury,as manifested by a significant reduction in alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase(P<0.01).Additionally,the antioxidant effect of AME was revealed by a significant reduction in oxidative stress markers(nitric oxide and malondialdehyde)and restored glutathione(P<0.01).The levels of proinflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ,and interleukin-6)and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)activity were reduced(P<0.01).Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed that AME significantly ameliorated necrotic and inflammatory lesions induced by Con A(P<0.01).Moreover,AME reduced the expression of nuclear factor kappa B,pro-apoptotic protein(Bax),caspase-3,and CD4^(+)T cell hepatic infiltration(P<0.01).The expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was increased(P<0.01).Conclusions:AME has hepatoprotective and ameliorative effects in CIH mice.These beneficial effects are likely due to the anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-apoptotic effects of the clinically important polyphenolic content.AME could be a novel and promising hepatoprotective agent for managing immune-mediated hepatitis.展开更多
文摘Background:Urolithiasis is defined as the stone formation in urinary tracts as the result of an increase in the excretion of stone-forming compounds.There is a folklore claim for the use of Alhagi maurorum as a remedy to help the excretion of urinary stones in Egypt,India,Iran,Saudi Arabia,and Uzbekistan.Objective:The subject of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of A.maurorum in the treatment of urinary stones and its mechanism of action.Methods:literature search was carried out in databases of Google scholar,Springer,ScienceDirect,Wiley,PubMed,Scopus,and Magiran from the years of 1963 until 2024.with the Keywords of“A”“camelthorn”“A”plus“stone”“urinary track system”“diuretic”,and“mechanism of actions”.A total of 48 articles were collected,from which 12 articles were the references of its traditional uses and 2 articles for clinical studies and 12 for pharmacological studies,respectively.Results:The clinical studies on A.maurorum hydrosol and its ethanol extract implied on efficacy and safety of its oral administration of its hydrosol or ethanolic extract in exclusion of urinary stones in patients with urinary stones.The efficacy of A.maurorum extracts or its hydrosol on urinary stones is related to its diuretic effects,ureter dilating effects,dissolution of calcium oxalate stones as well as its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects,which is attributed to the components such as Epigallocatechin(EGC),Quercetin,kaempferol,and𝛽-sitosterol.Conclusion:Large clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of A.maurorum alone or in combination with other plant extracts.
文摘Objectives:While the protective effects of Alhagi maurorum have been shown against various ailments,its role against norfloxacin-induced adverse effects has not been studied.The current study was conducted to determine the effect of A.maurorum aqueous extract against norfloxacin-induced side effects in rats.Methods:Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups,which received normal saline,norfloxacin(50 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day),A.maurorum aqueous extract(300 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day),and norfloxacin with A.maurorum aqueous extract by the same previous mentioned dosages.Blood samples were collected for hematological examination to evaluate liver and kidney function tests.Hepatic and renal tissue samples were obtained to assess antioxidant activity and histopathological examination.Results:A.maurorum aqueous extract significantly ameliorated norfloxacin-induced elevation in tissue malondialdehyde,and reduction in tissue antioxidant enzymes such as catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase activities as well as reduced glutathione concentration.Concurrent administration of A.maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin significantly reduced serum alkaline phosphatase,aminotransferases,urea,creatinine,and uric acid and increased RBCs count,Hb concentration,PCV,leucocyte,and monocyte counts compared with the norfloxacin-treated group.Co-administration of A.maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin prevented the degenerative changes induced by norfloxacin alone in liver and kidney tissues.The phytochemical profile of the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates,alkaloids,saponins,tannins,phenolics,and flavonoids.Conclusion:These findings indicated that A.maurorum possesses potent antioxidant activities and could be used to attenuate norfloxacin-induced side effects.
基金Supported by Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Project(No.PNURSP2024R322)。
文摘Objective:To explore the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Alhagi maurorum ethanolic extract(AME)in concanavalin A(Con A)-induced hepatitis(CIH)as well as possible underlying mechanisms.Methods:Polyphenols in AME were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 groups.Normal group received intravenous phosphate-buffered saline(PBS);Con A group received 40 mg/kg intravenous Con A.Prophylaxis group administered 300 mg/(kg·d)AME orally for 5 days before Con A intervention.Treatment group received intravenous Con A then administered300 mg/kg AME at 30 min and 3 h after Con A intervention.After 24 h of Con A injection,hepatic injury,oxidative stress,and inflammatory mediators were assessed.Histopathological examination and markers of apoptosis,inflammation,and CD4^(+)cell infiltration were also investigated.Results:HPLC analysis revealed that AME contains abundant polyphenols with pharmacological constituents,such as ellagic acid,gallic acid,ferulic acid,methylgallate,and naringenin.AME alleviated Con A-induced hepatic injury,as manifested by a significant reduction in alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase(P<0.01).Additionally,the antioxidant effect of AME was revealed by a significant reduction in oxidative stress markers(nitric oxide and malondialdehyde)and restored glutathione(P<0.01).The levels of proinflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ,and interleukin-6)and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)activity were reduced(P<0.01).Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed that AME significantly ameliorated necrotic and inflammatory lesions induced by Con A(P<0.01).Moreover,AME reduced the expression of nuclear factor kappa B,pro-apoptotic protein(Bax),caspase-3,and CD4^(+)T cell hepatic infiltration(P<0.01).The expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was increased(P<0.01).Conclusions:AME has hepatoprotective and ameliorative effects in CIH mice.These beneficial effects are likely due to the anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-apoptotic effects of the clinically important polyphenolic content.AME could be a novel and promising hepatoprotective agent for managing immune-mediated hepatitis.
