The absence of humic vitrinite complicates the determination of thermal maturity in pre-Devonian sediments.Lower Paleozoic shales contain structured zooclasts,solid bitumen,and vitrinite-like materials,and their refle...The absence of humic vitrinite complicates the determination of thermal maturity in pre-Devonian sediments.Lower Paleozoic shales contain structured zooclasts,solid bitumen,and vitrinite-like materials,and their reflectances have been found to be valid maturity proxies.Yet there remains much controversy as to the degree of evolution of reflectances.The current work aims to investigate the reflectance of dispersed organic matter(DOM),as well as their transformation degree and organic pore development.To this end,this study evaluated an Upper Ordovician zooclasts-bearing shale and a Middle Jurassic coal sample via anhydrous-pyrolysis to compare differences in the maturation pathways between marine-derived DOM and terrigenous vitrinite.These two original samples were cut into small blocks and placed in an identical vacuum stainless vessel simultaneously.The pyrolysis was carried out at isothermal temperatures ranging from 250 to 550℃ for 48 h.The morphologic and reflectance changes of DOM in pyrolysis residues were studied and compared with previous pyrolysis results.Adopting the combined use of optical reflectance and scanning electron microscope(SEM)techniques,the study shows that DOM in the shale components consists of solid bitumen(SB),bituminite,chitinozoans,a few graptolites,vitrinite-like particles(VLP),alginate and liptodetrinite.The reflectance sequence,from high to low,is zooclasts,VLP and SB.Their reflectances gradually increases as the pyrolysis temperature rises,although the rate of growth is slower than that of co-heating coal vitrinite.Notably,zooclasts yield significantly higher reflectance values than those of VLP and SB at each pyrolysis temperature.However,the VLP undergoes two distinct phases in reflectance development,despite gradual morphology changes similar to vitrinite.Based on evidence of the optical texture and organic pore evolution,we argue that a fair amount of VLP in studied Upper Ordovician shale does not consist of graptolite-type fragments.Consequently,the VLPRo serves as a reliable indicator for assessing organic matter maturity in Ordovician shales with a reflectance value of less than 2.0%.This investigation enhances scholarly understandings of marine-derived DOM evolution issues,providing clearer correlations among reflectances of different DOM and reducing uncertainties in thermal maturity determination.展开更多
Static aerobic composting of municipal sewage sludge with forced ventilation or air ventilation using matured compost as bulking conditioner was investigated. Physical and chemical parame ,eters, e.g., temperature, mo...Static aerobic composting of municipal sewage sludge with forced ventilation or air ventilation using matured compost as bulking conditioner was investigated. Physical and chemical parame ,eters, e.g., temperature, moisture content, VSS, CODcr, pH, and germination index （GI）, were analyzed to characterize the composting process. Fermentation starts quickly in both forced and air ventilation compost heaps and reaches high-temperature stage after 2 d, owing to the bulking function of matured compost. Compared to air ventilation, however, forced ventilation enables the high-temperature stage to last longer for approximately 7 d. The moisture content of both compost bodies decreases from 62% to about 50% as a result of evaporation, and it decreases slightly faster in forced ventilation compost heap after 13 d due to the higher temperature and better ventilation condition. Although no obvious differences of VSS and pH are observed between both compost heaps, the soluble CODcr and GI show differences during the second half period of fermentation. In forced ventilation compost, the soluble CODcr has a small rebound after 13 d, and GI decreases from 46% to 35% but then increases. These results show that in general, the matured compost is a good conditioner and force ventilation with a proper air supply strategy can be more efficient than air ventilation.展开更多
Objective Expressing the human matured brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) gene in E. Coli and determining its bioactivity. Methods The resulting gene of mBDNF was subcloned into the EcoRI-BamHI site or the expr...Objective Expressing the human matured brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) gene in E. Coli and determining its bioactivity. Methods The resulting gene of mBDNF was subcloned into the EcoRI-BamHI site or the expression vector plasmid pBV220. The ligation products were used to transform the competent E. Coli DH5a. The proteins or mBDNF were experessed by temperature inducing. The expression products were dealed with solubilizing inclusion bodies and refolding protein. It was introduced into the embryonic chicken DRG to test whether the expressed mBDNF is a biologically active protein. Results The recombinant plasmid pBV/mBDNF was success- fully constructed. By temperature inducing, under the control of the bacteriophage λPL promoter, the experessed mBDNF protein was a 14Kd non-fusion protein,which existed in E. Coli as inclusion bodies. The size or expressed mBDNF is identical to the prediction. Bioactivity of the products was proved that it could support the cell survival and neurite growth in the primary cultures of embryonic 8-day-old chicken DRG neurons as compared to control. Conclusion Tke mBDNF gene can be expressed bioactively in E. Coli.展开更多
Full maturation of goldfish oocyte was induced in vitro by 17 a-hydroxy-20B-dihydroprogesterone. The oocyte maturation involves GV migration to the periphery of the oocyte and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). In the...Full maturation of goldfish oocyte was induced in vitro by 17 a-hydroxy-20B-dihydroprogesterone. The oocyte maturation involves GV migration to the periphery of the oocyte and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). In the experiment, incubation duration for GVBD varied in different broods of oocytes. Generally, if the duration for GVBD was shorter than 6 h, oocytes would have a better chance to survive after maturation and insemination. The maturation of nucleus (GV) and cytoplasm are not synchronous. Cytoplasm maturation occurs several hs after GVBD. Oocytes inseminated 8-9 h after GVBD have the highest fertilizing and hatching rate. Fertilized ova matured in vitro can develop to sexually mature adults capable of reproduction.展开更多
Aim: To evaluate the fertilization competence of spermatozoa from ejaculates and testicle when the oocytes were matured in vitro following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: Fifty-six completed cycles i...Aim: To evaluate the fertilization competence of spermatozoa from ejaculates and testicle when the oocytes were matured in vitro following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: Fifty-six completed cycles in 46 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome were grouped according to the semen parameters of their male partners. Group 1 was 47 cycles that presented motile and normal morphology spermatozoa in ejaculates and Group 2 was the other nine cycles where male partners were diagnosed as obstructive azoospermia and spermatozoa could only be found in testicular tissue fragment. All female patients received minimal stimulation with gonadotropin. Immature oocytes were matured in vitro and inseminated by ICSI. The spermatozoa from testes were retrieved by testicular fine needle aspiration. Results: A total of 449 and 78 immature oocytes were collected and cultured for 48 hours, 75.5 % (339/449) and 84.6 % (66/78) oocytes were matured in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The percentage of oocytes achieving normal fertilization was significantly higher in Group 1 than that in Group 2 (72.9 % vs. 54.5 %, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the rates of oocytes cleavage and clinical pregnancies in these two groups [87.4 % (216/247) vs. 88.9 % (32/36); 21.3 % (10/47) vs. 44.4 % (4/9)]. A total of 15 babies in the two groups were healthy delivered at term. Conclusion: It appears that IVM combined with ICSI using testicular spermatozoa can produce healthy infants, while the normal fertilization rate of in vitro matured oocytes after ICSI using testicular spermatozoa was significantly lower than using the ejaculated spermatozoa.展开更多
Objectives:B-cell maturation antigen(BCMA)-targeted antibody–drug conjugates(ADCs)have emerged as promising therapies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(RRMM),but the overall efficacy and safety profile is uncl...Objectives:B-cell maturation antigen(BCMA)-targeted antibody–drug conjugates(ADCs)have emerged as promising therapies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(RRMM),but the overall efficacy and safety profile is unclear.This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the safety and efficacy of BCMA-ADCs in development for RRMM.Methods:A systematic search was conducted using six bibliographic databases and ClinicalTrials.gov up to November 2024.Studies were eligible if they were human clinical trials or animal studies evaluating BCMA-ADCs and reported efficacy and safety outcomes.Data extraction and quality assessments were conducted using validated tools,including ROBINS-I and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool.Results:A total of 21 studies were included:16 clinical trials and five animal studies.Key findings included that belantamab mafodotin demonstrated variable but generally durable response rates(32%–85%)and a broad range of progression-free survival(PFS)(2.8–36.6 months),albeit with ocular toxicities in 51%–96%.Among newer candidates,MEDI2228 showed median PFS 5.1–6.6 months with 14%discontinuation for ocular symptoms,while AMG 224 had an overall response rate(ORR)of 23%(9/40)with anemia 21%,thrombocytopenia 24%,and ocular adverse events(AEs)21%.Animal studies supported the tumor-eradicating potential of all BCMA-ADC candidates,although safety signals such as hepatic and renal toxicity were noted with HDP-101.The risk of bias assessment revealed generally moderate to serious concerns in human trials,while the overall quality of the animal studies was acceptable.Conclusions:BCMA-targeted ADC candidates show encouraging efficacy in RRMM,particularly belantamab mafodotin.However,frequent AEs,especially ocular and hematologic toxicities,underscore the need for optimization in ADC design.Further research should prioritize enhancing safety while maintaining clinical benefit.展开更多
Ufmylation is an ubiquitin-like post-translational modification characterized by the covalent binding of mature UFM1 to target proteins.Although the consequences of ufmylation on target proteins are not fully understo...Ufmylation is an ubiquitin-like post-translational modification characterized by the covalent binding of mature UFM1 to target proteins.Although the consequences of ufmylation on target proteins are not fully understood,its importance is evident from the disorders resulting from its dysfunction.Numerous case reports have established a link between biallelic loss-of-function and/or hypomorphic variants in ufmylation-related genes and a spectrum of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders.展开更多
Background It is still unclear whether the vitrification procedure itself is associated with the incidence of abnormal DNA methylation during oocytes vitrification.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epigene...Background It is still unclear whether the vitrification procedure itself is associated with the incidence of abnormal DNA methylation during oocytes vitrification.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epigenetic profile of mouse oocytes,which went through vitrification either at a mature stage or at an immature stage following in vitro maturation （IVM） by analyzing the global DNA methylation.Methods Metaphase Ⅱ （M Ⅱ） stage and germinal vesicle （GV） stage oocytes were collected from adult female mice and were vitrified respectively.The M Ⅱ oocytes were assessed for cryo-survival and global DNA methylation.The GV oocytes were assessed for cryo-survival and only the surviving GV oocytes were cultured in vitro for subsequent assessment of global DNA methylation in mature oocytes.In vivo matured fresh M Ⅱ oocytes without undergoing vitrification were used as control.The level of global DNA methylation in the M Ⅱ oocytes was then examined by immunofluorescence using an anti-5-methylcytosine （anti-5-MeC） monoclonal antibody and fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC）-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG under a laser scanning confocal microscope.Results In terms of the effect of vitrification on global DNA methylation status in matured oocytes,in the M Ⅱ-v group,all the examined oocytes （90/90） were found with hypermethylation,including 63.3％ （57/90） of them displaying DNA methylation of a very high level,25.6％ （23/90） with a high level,and 11.1％ （10/90） with an intermediate level,whereas in the GV-v group,all the matured oocytes （129/129） were also examined with hypermethylation,including 67.4％ （87/129） of them displaying DNA methylation of a very high level,23.3％ （30/129） with a high level,and 9.3％ （12/129） with an intermediate level.Statistically,it was similar between both groups,which were similar to the control：68.6％ （83/121） of fresh M Ⅱ oocytes displayed DNA methylation of a very high level,21.5％ （26/121） with a high level,and 9.9％（12/121） with an intermediate level （P ＞0.05）.In terms of the effect of IVM on global DNA methylation status in matured oocytes,in the in vivo matured oocytes group,all oocytes examined （94/94） were found with hypermethylation,including 80.9％ （76/94） displaying DNA methylation of a very high level and 19.1％ （18/94） with a high level,whereas in the in vitro matured oocytes group,all oocytes examined （69/69） were also found with hypermethylation：85.2％ （56/69） of them displayed with DNA methylation of very high level,11.9％ （11/69） with high level,and 2％ （2/69） with intermediate level.This result was similar to that in in vivo matured fresh M Ⅱ oocytes （P ＞0.05）.Conclusion The vitrification procedure at GV stage does not induce widespread alteration of global DNA methylation status of mouse oocytes subsequently matured in vitro.展开更多
This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
The Early Cambrian Yuertusi Formation(Є_(1)y)in the Tarim Basin of China deposits a continuously developed suite of organic-rich black mudstones,which constitute an important source of oil and gas reservoirs in the Pa...The Early Cambrian Yuertusi Formation(Є_(1)y)in the Tarim Basin of China deposits a continuously developed suite of organic-rich black mudstones,which constitute an important source of oil and gas reservoirs in the Paleozoic.However,its hydrocarbon generation and evolution characteristics and resource potential have long been constrained by deeply buried strata and previous research.In this paper,based on the newly obtained ultra-deep well drilling data,the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion model ofЄ_(1)y shale was established by using data-driven Monte Carlo simulation,upon which the hydrocarbon generation,expulsion,and retention amounts were calculated by using the diagenetic method.The research indicates that theЄ_(1)y shale reaches the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion threshold at equivalent vitrinite reflectances of 0.46%and 0.72%,respectively.The cumulative hydrocarbon generation is 68.88×10^(10)t,the cumulative hydrocarbon expulsion is 35.59×10^(10)t,and the cumulative residual hydrocarbon is 33.29×10^(10)t.This paper systematically and quantitatively calculates the hydrocarbon expulsion at various key geological periods for theЄ_(1)y source rocks in the study area for the first time,more precisely confirming that the black shale of theЄ_(1)y is the most significant source rock contributing to the marine oil and gas resources in the Tarim Basin,filling the gap in hydrocarbon expulsion calculation in the study area,and providing an important basis for the formation and distribution of Paleozoic hydrocarbon reservoirs.The prospect of deep ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin is promising.Especially,the large area of dolomite reservoirs under the Cambrian salt and source rock interiors are the key breakthrough targets for the next exploration in the Tarim Basin.展开更多
Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex P.C.Kuo(2n=2x=14,NsNs),a wild relative of wheat,represents a valuable germplasm resource for genetic improvement of wheat.We previously confirmed that a chromosome 7Ns from P.huashan...Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex P.C.Kuo(2n=2x=14,NsNs),a wild relative of wheat,represents a valuable germplasm resource for genetic improvement of wheat.We previously confirmed that a chromosome 7Ns from P.huashanica carries genes that accelerate heading and maturity in wheat.Here,we developed three small segment translocation lines(T7NsS-2BL 2BS,T7NsS-1AS 1AL#1,and T7NsS-1AS 1AL#2)along with one additional small segment translocation line(T7NsS-7BS 7BL)through^(60)Co-γ irradiation,identified using genomic in situ hybridization(GISH),fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),and liquid chip array analyses.Our findings demonstrated that chromosome 7NsS contained a major early heading date gene,tentatively designated Ehd-7Ns,which was mapped to an approximate31.45 Mb region,corresponding to the short arm of wheat chromosome 7A(IWGSC RefSeq v1.0).The T7NsS-1AS 1AL#2 line exhibited no significant yield penalty and possessed superior agronomic traits relative to the other translocation lines in the field,making it a promising pre-breeding donor for breeding early maturing wheat.Furthermore,21 specific Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers were developed based on transcriptome data,enabling effective tracing of alien chromosomal segments carrying this source of Ehd-7Ns in marker-assisted breeding.Collectively,these newly developed translocation lines and specific KASP markers will facilitate the transfer and utilization of favorable genes from P.huashanica chromosome 7Ns in future wheat breeding programs.展开更多
High-water-cut mature reservoirs typically serve as the“ballast”for ensuring China’s annual crude oil production of 200 million tons.Despite the use of water flooding and chemical methods,over 40%of crude oil remai...High-water-cut mature reservoirs typically serve as the“ballast”for ensuring China’s annual crude oil production of 200 million tons.Despite the use of water flooding and chemical methods,over 40%of crude oil remains unexploited.It is critical to develop efficient revolutionary technologies to further enhance oil recovery(EOR)by a large percentage in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.To address this issue,the potential of vertical remaining oil in Daqing Oilfield is first analyzed from massive monitoring data.Using molecular dynamics simulation to design optimal synthetic routine,a copolymer without flu-orine or silicon is synthesized by modifying vinyl acetate(VAc)with maleic anhydride(MA)and styrene(St),and treated as a supercritical CO_(2)(scCO_(2))thickener.The underlying EOR mechanism of the scCO_(2) thickener is thereafter clarified by high-temperature,high-pressure oil displacement experiments.The EOR effect by thickened scCO_(2) flooding in a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir is predicted,and future technological advancements of the technique are ultimately discussed.Results show that the ver-tical remaining oil enriched in weakly swept zones is a primary target for further EOR in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.The copolymer typically exhibits good solubility,strong dispersion stability,and high thickening effect in scCO_(2).Under an ambient pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 50℃,the disso-lution of copolymer at a mass concentration of 0.2%can effectively increase the viscosity of scCO_(2) by 39.4 times.Due to the synergistic effect between expanding vertical swept volume and inhibiting gas channel-ing,crude oil recovery can be further enhanced by 23.1%for a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir when the scCO_(2) viscosity is increased by 50 times.Our understandings demonstrate that the thickened scCO_(2) flooding technology has significant technical advantages in high-water-cut mature reservoirs,with challenges and future development directions in field-scale applications also highlighted.展开更多
In addition to the organic matter type,abundance,thermal maturity,and shale reservoir space,the preservation conditions of source rocks play a key factor in affecting the quantity and quality of retained hydrocarbons ...In addition to the organic matter type,abundance,thermal maturity,and shale reservoir space,the preservation conditions of source rocks play a key factor in affecting the quantity and quality of retained hydrocarbons in source rocks of lacustrine shale,yet this aspect has received little attention.This paper,based on the case analysis,explores how preservation conditions influence the enrichment of mobile hydrocarbons in shale oil.Research showns that good preservation conditions play three key roles.(1)Ensure the retention of sufficient light hydrocarbons(C_(1)–C_(13)),medium hydrocarbons(C_(14)–C_(25))and small molecular aromatics(including 1–2 benzene rings)in the formation,which enhances the fluidity and flow of shale oil;(2)Maintain a high energy field(abnormally high pressure),thus facilitating the maximum outflow of shale oil;(3)Ensure that the retained hydrocarbons have the miscible flow condition of multi-component hydrocarbons(light hydrocarbons,medium hydrocarbons,heavy hydrocarbons,and heteroatomic compounds),so that the heavy hydrocarbons(C_(25+))and heavy components(non-hydrocarbons and asphaltenes)have improved fluidity and maximum flow capacity.In conclusion,in addition to the advantages of organic matter type,abundance,thermal maturity,and reservoir space,good preservation conditions of shale layers are essential for the formation of economically viable shale oil reservoirs,which should be incorporated into the evaluation criteria of shale oil-rich areas/segments and considered a necessary factor when selecting favorable exploration targets.展开更多
BACKGROUND Malignant transformation(MT)of mature cystic teratoma(MCT)has a poor prognosis,especially in advanced cases.Concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)has an inhibitory effect on MT.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we present a ...BACKGROUND Malignant transformation(MT)of mature cystic teratoma(MCT)has a poor prognosis,especially in advanced cases.Concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)has an inhibitory effect on MT.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we present a case in which CCRT had a reduction effect preoperatively.A 73-year-old woman with pyelonephritis was referred to our hospital.Computed tomography revealed right hydronephrosis and a 6-cm pelvic mass.Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUS-FNB)revealed squamous cell carci-noma.The patient was diagnosed with MT of MCT.Due to her poor general con-dition and renal malfunction,we selected CCRT,expecting fewer adverse effects.After CCRT,her performance status improved,and the tumor size was reduced;surgery was performed.Five months postoperatively,the patient developed dis-semination and lymph node metastases.Palliative chemotherapy was ineffective.She died 18 months after treatment initiation.CONCLUSION EUS-FNB was useful in the diagnosis of MT of MCT;CCRT suppressed the disea-se and improved quality of life.展开更多
Background: Biological maturation refers to the progressive process through which individuals transition toward an adult state during growth and development. To address the challenges posed by differences in biologica...Background: Biological maturation refers to the progressive process through which individuals transition toward an adult state during growth and development. To address the challenges posed by differences in biological maturity and the limitations of existing testing methods, particularly in adolescent sports contexts, there is a pressing need for a non-invasive method that is convenient, accurate, and broadly applicable to monitor the biological maturity of adolescent athletes comprehensively. In response to this need, a maturity assessment method based on the smartphone application Maturo has been developed. This study evaluates the accuracy and validity of the Maturo software, an automated tool for estimating biological age and related maturation metrics.Methods: A sample of 103 actively training teenage athletes aged 9-17 years. The sample included 76 males(age = 11.74 ± 1.55 years, mean ±SD) and 27 females(age = 13.95 ± 1.40 years), all without medical conditions that might impact growth or development.Results: Compared to traditional expert evaluations, the intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs) and Pearson correlation coefficients demonstrated reliable positive correlations and significant agreement between the Maturo software and expert methods across multiple metrics, such as biological age(ICC = 0.965, R = 0.97), corrected biological age(ICC = 0.973, R = 0.99), predicted adult height(ICC = 0.991, R = 0.99), and percentage of adult height achieved(ICC = 0.955, R = 0.97). The Bland-Altman plots provided additional evidence of the validity of the Maturo software estimations, showing low systematic error in most measures. The linear regression analysis produced excellent adjusted R2values: 0.95for biological age and 0.99 for anticipated adult height. The Maturo approach demonstrated a high level of dependability in classifying teenagers into groups based on their maturity status and timing. The κ coefficients of 0.93 for maturity status and 0.82 for maturity timing indicate a nearly perfect agreement with the expert technique.Conclusion: While the Maturo software's non-invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use could make it a potential tool for regular monitoring of growth and maturation in young athletes, its promising results in assessing maturation should be interpreted with caution due to limitations such as sample size and demographic constraints. Further longitude research with larger and more diverse populations is needed to validate these preliminary findings and strengthen the evidence for its broader applicability.展开更多
Tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs)exhibit highly func-tional heterogeneity across cancers.Although TANs pro-mote inflammatory responses and contribute to tumor clearance,they frequently undergo context-dependent repro...Tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs)exhibit highly func-tional heterogeneity across cancers.Although TANs pro-mote inflammatory responses and contribute to tumor clearance,they frequently undergo context-dependent reprogramming within the tumor microenvironment(TME)into highly immunosuppressive phenotypes that facilitate cancer dissemination and immunotherapy resist-ance1,2.We contend that an underappreciated,upstream determinant of this divergence is the maturation stage of TANs3,4.The developmental stage of TANs determines the migration patterns and constrains the functional capacity,and the developmental stage also constrains the extent of TME-driven re-education,together shaping pro-or anti-tu-mor outcomes3-5.In this Perspective,we place maturation at the core of TAN biology and discuss current definitions for TAN developmental stages and the measurable mark-ers that researchers and clinicians can use(Figure 1).In addition,spatial and temporal transitions in TAN matu-ration stages and the factors that govern these transitions are elucidated.We explain how maturation status shapes TAN function and articulate the key differences between mouse and human TAN maturation systems to highlight the value of human immune system(HIS)mouse models.Based on this framework,functional biomarkers and signa-tures of TAN maturation are introduced and we show how to embed them into patient stratification and longitudinal monitoring.Finally,we outline immunotherapy strategies targeting TAN maturation,selecting interventions guided by maturation markers to reinforce treatment benefits for cancer patients.展开更多
This study explores the relationship between corporate environmental,social,and governance(ESG)disagreements and corporate debt maturity.By examining panel samples from Chinese non-financial listed companies covering ...This study explores the relationship between corporate environmental,social,and governance(ESG)disagreements and corporate debt maturity.By examining panel samples from Chinese non-financial listed companies covering 2007 to 2020,we find that ESG disagreements negatively influence corporate debt maturity.Even after conducting a series of robustness tests and addressing endogeneity concerns,the adverse effects of ESG disagreements persisted.A heterogeneity analysis shows that this negative impact is more significant for non-state-owned enterprises,small enterprises,enterprises with high capital intensity,enterprises with low analyst attention,and enterprises in high-tech industries.Through a mechanism analysis,we discovered that ESG disagreements can lead to information asymmetry and heightened default risk,subsequently affecting the maturity of corporate debt.Further analysis confirms that the negative impact of ESG on the debt structure inhibits long-term investment and exacerbates the mismatch between investment and financing terms.展开更多
The study aimed to develop a customized Data Governance Maturity Model (DGMM) for the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in Kenya to address data governance challenges in military settings. Current frameworks lack specific req...The study aimed to develop a customized Data Governance Maturity Model (DGMM) for the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in Kenya to address data governance challenges in military settings. Current frameworks lack specific requirements for the defence industry. The model uses Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to enhance data governance procedures. Design Science Research guided the study, using qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data from MoD personnel. Major deficiencies were found in data integration, quality control, and adherence to data security regulations. The DGMM helps the MOD improve personnel, procedures, technology, and organizational elements related to data management. The model was tested against ISO/IEC 38500 and recommended for use in other government sectors with similar data governance issues. The DGMM has the potential to enhance data management efficiency, security, and compliance in the MOD and guide further research in military data governance.展开更多
Sexual maturation heterosis has been widely exploited in animal crossbreeding.However,the underlying mechanism has been rarely explored in chicken.In the present study,we performed the reciprocal crossing between Whit...Sexual maturation heterosis has been widely exploited in animal crossbreeding.However,the underlying mechanism has been rarely explored in chicken.In the present study,we performed the reciprocal crossing between White Leghorn and Beijing You chicken to evaluate the phenotypes related to sexual maturation,and profiled the ovary circRNAs of purebreds(WW,YY)and crossbreds(WY,YW)to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying heterosis for sexual maturation.Pubic space and oviduct length exhibited positive heterosis,and age at first egg(AFE)exhibited negative heterosis in the crossbreds.We identified 3,025 known circRNAs and 624 putative circRNAs,which were mainly derived from the exons.Among these circRNAs,141 and 178circRNAs were specially expressed in WY and YW,respectively.There were 52.38 and 64.63%of total circRNAs in WY and YW exhibited non-additive expression pattern,respectively.GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the host genes of non-additive circRNAs were mainly involved in TGF-beta signaling pathway,oocyte development,ATPase activator activity,oocyte meiosis,progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and GnRH signaling pathway.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified that 4 modules were significantly(P<0.05)correlated with oviduct length and pubic space.The host genes of non-additive circRNAs harbored in the 4 modules were associated with MAPK signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway.Furthermore,competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNA)network analysis characterized non-additive circRNAs gal-FGFR2_0005 and galMAPKAP1_0004 could interact with gga-miR-1612 and gga-miR-12235-5p to regulate CNOT6,COL8A1,and FHL2,which were essential for ovary development,indicating that the non-additive circRNAs involved in the formation of sexual maturation heterosis through regulating genes related to the reproductive and developmental process.The findings would provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying sexual maturation heterosis from a novel perspective.展开更多
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the pentacyclic triterpenoid distributions,specifically hopane and oleanane fingerprints,in 24 crude oil samples from the Niger Delta depobelts,with the a...Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the pentacyclic triterpenoid distributions,specifically hopane and oleanane fingerprints,in 24 crude oil samples from the Niger Delta depobelts,with the aim of defining the petroleum system,filling history,and the age of source rock producing these oils.The results indicate that the Niger Delta oils belong to a single fluvio-deltaic petroleum system,reflecting similar source organic facies and depositional environments.Geochemical parameters,including C29/C30hopane ratios,oleanane index,Ts/Tm,(Ts/(Ts+Tm)),moretane/C30hopane ratios,and C3222S/(22S+22R)ratios,suggest oxic conditions during source rock deposition and thermal maturity of the oils.The presence of terrigenous organic matter and complex filling history are also evident and influenced by multiple phases of sedimentation,and petroleum generation.A comparative plot of geologic time(Paleogene-Neogene age)and oleanane percentage composition show that the crude oils are constrained to the chronostratigraphic ages of their respective depobelts,demonstrating the potential of oleanane-derived parameters for relative dating of hydrocarbon sources,complementing traditional index fossil methods.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42202172,U24B6001,41830424)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(300102274202).
文摘The absence of humic vitrinite complicates the determination of thermal maturity in pre-Devonian sediments.Lower Paleozoic shales contain structured zooclasts,solid bitumen,and vitrinite-like materials,and their reflectances have been found to be valid maturity proxies.Yet there remains much controversy as to the degree of evolution of reflectances.The current work aims to investigate the reflectance of dispersed organic matter(DOM),as well as their transformation degree and organic pore development.To this end,this study evaluated an Upper Ordovician zooclasts-bearing shale and a Middle Jurassic coal sample via anhydrous-pyrolysis to compare differences in the maturation pathways between marine-derived DOM and terrigenous vitrinite.These two original samples were cut into small blocks and placed in an identical vacuum stainless vessel simultaneously.The pyrolysis was carried out at isothermal temperatures ranging from 250 to 550℃ for 48 h.The morphologic and reflectance changes of DOM in pyrolysis residues were studied and compared with previous pyrolysis results.Adopting the combined use of optical reflectance and scanning electron microscope(SEM)techniques,the study shows that DOM in the shale components consists of solid bitumen(SB),bituminite,chitinozoans,a few graptolites,vitrinite-like particles(VLP),alginate and liptodetrinite.The reflectance sequence,from high to low,is zooclasts,VLP and SB.Their reflectances gradually increases as the pyrolysis temperature rises,although the rate of growth is slower than that of co-heating coal vitrinite.Notably,zooclasts yield significantly higher reflectance values than those of VLP and SB at each pyrolysis temperature.However,the VLP undergoes two distinct phases in reflectance development,despite gradual morphology changes similar to vitrinite.Based on evidence of the optical texture and organic pore evolution,we argue that a fair amount of VLP in studied Upper Ordovician shale does not consist of graptolite-type fragments.Consequently,the VLPRo serves as a reliable indicator for assessing organic matter maturity in Ordovician shales with a reflectance value of less than 2.0%.This investigation enhances scholarly understandings of marine-derived DOM evolution issues,providing clearer correlations among reflectances of different DOM and reducing uncertainties in thermal maturity determination.
基金Projects(50978087,50908081)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Static aerobic composting of municipal sewage sludge with forced ventilation or air ventilation using matured compost as bulking conditioner was investigated. Physical and chemical parame ,eters, e.g., temperature, moisture content, VSS, CODcr, pH, and germination index （GI）, were analyzed to characterize the composting process. Fermentation starts quickly in both forced and air ventilation compost heaps and reaches high-temperature stage after 2 d, owing to the bulking function of matured compost. Compared to air ventilation, however, forced ventilation enables the high-temperature stage to last longer for approximately 7 d. The moisture content of both compost bodies decreases from 62% to about 50% as a result of evaporation, and it decreases slightly faster in forced ventilation compost heap after 13 d due to the higher temperature and better ventilation condition. Although no obvious differences of VSS and pH are observed between both compost heaps, the soluble CODcr and GI show differences during the second half period of fermentation. In forced ventilation compost, the soluble CODcr has a small rebound after 13 d, and GI decreases from 46% to 35% but then increases. These results show that in general, the matured compost is a good conditioner and force ventilation with a proper air supply strategy can be more efficient than air ventilation.
文摘Objective Expressing the human matured brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) gene in E. Coli and determining its bioactivity. Methods The resulting gene of mBDNF was subcloned into the EcoRI-BamHI site or the expression vector plasmid pBV220. The ligation products were used to transform the competent E. Coli DH5a. The proteins or mBDNF were experessed by temperature inducing. The expression products were dealed with solubilizing inclusion bodies and refolding protein. It was introduced into the embryonic chicken DRG to test whether the expressed mBDNF is a biologically active protein. Results The recombinant plasmid pBV/mBDNF was success- fully constructed. By temperature inducing, under the control of the bacteriophage λPL promoter, the experessed mBDNF protein was a 14Kd non-fusion protein,which existed in E. Coli as inclusion bodies. The size or expressed mBDNF is identical to the prediction. Bioactivity of the products was proved that it could support the cell survival and neurite growth in the primary cultures of embryonic 8-day-old chicken DRG neurons as compared to control. Conclusion Tke mBDNF gene can be expressed bioactively in E. Coli.
文摘Full maturation of goldfish oocyte was induced in vitro by 17 a-hydroxy-20B-dihydroprogesterone. The oocyte maturation involves GV migration to the periphery of the oocyte and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). In the experiment, incubation duration for GVBD varied in different broods of oocytes. Generally, if the duration for GVBD was shorter than 6 h, oocytes would have a better chance to survive after maturation and insemination. The maturation of nucleus (GV) and cytoplasm are not synchronous. Cytoplasm maturation occurs several hs after GVBD. Oocytes inseminated 8-9 h after GVBD have the highest fertilizing and hatching rate. Fertilized ova matured in vitro can develop to sexually mature adults capable of reproduction.
文摘Aim: To evaluate the fertilization competence of spermatozoa from ejaculates and testicle when the oocytes were matured in vitro following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: Fifty-six completed cycles in 46 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome were grouped according to the semen parameters of their male partners. Group 1 was 47 cycles that presented motile and normal morphology spermatozoa in ejaculates and Group 2 was the other nine cycles where male partners were diagnosed as obstructive azoospermia and spermatozoa could only be found in testicular tissue fragment. All female patients received minimal stimulation with gonadotropin. Immature oocytes were matured in vitro and inseminated by ICSI. The spermatozoa from testes were retrieved by testicular fine needle aspiration. Results: A total of 449 and 78 immature oocytes were collected and cultured for 48 hours, 75.5 % (339/449) and 84.6 % (66/78) oocytes were matured in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The percentage of oocytes achieving normal fertilization was significantly higher in Group 1 than that in Group 2 (72.9 % vs. 54.5 %, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the rates of oocytes cleavage and clinical pregnancies in these two groups [87.4 % (216/247) vs. 88.9 % (32/36); 21.3 % (10/47) vs. 44.4 % (4/9)]. A total of 15 babies in the two groups were healthy delivered at term. Conclusion: It appears that IVM combined with ICSI using testicular spermatozoa can produce healthy infants, while the normal fertilization rate of in vitro matured oocytes after ICSI using testicular spermatozoa was significantly lower than using the ejaculated spermatozoa.
文摘Objectives:B-cell maturation antigen(BCMA)-targeted antibody–drug conjugates(ADCs)have emerged as promising therapies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(RRMM),but the overall efficacy and safety profile is unclear.This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the safety and efficacy of BCMA-ADCs in development for RRMM.Methods:A systematic search was conducted using six bibliographic databases and ClinicalTrials.gov up to November 2024.Studies were eligible if they were human clinical trials or animal studies evaluating BCMA-ADCs and reported efficacy and safety outcomes.Data extraction and quality assessments were conducted using validated tools,including ROBINS-I and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool.Results:A total of 21 studies were included:16 clinical trials and five animal studies.Key findings included that belantamab mafodotin demonstrated variable but generally durable response rates(32%–85%)and a broad range of progression-free survival(PFS)(2.8–36.6 months),albeit with ocular toxicities in 51%–96%.Among newer candidates,MEDI2228 showed median PFS 5.1–6.6 months with 14%discontinuation for ocular symptoms,while AMG 224 had an overall response rate(ORR)of 23%(9/40)with anemia 21%,thrombocytopenia 24%,and ocular adverse events(AEs)21%.Animal studies supported the tumor-eradicating potential of all BCMA-ADC candidates,although safety signals such as hepatic and renal toxicity were noted with HDP-101.The risk of bias assessment revealed generally moderate to serious concerns in human trials,while the overall quality of the animal studies was acceptable.Conclusions:BCMA-targeted ADC candidates show encouraging efficacy in RRMM,particularly belantamab mafodotin.However,frequent AEs,especially ocular and hematologic toxicities,underscore the need for optimization in ADC design.Further research should prioritize enhancing safety while maintaining clinical benefit.
文摘Ufmylation is an ubiquitin-like post-translational modification characterized by the covalent binding of mature UFM1 to target proteins.Although the consequences of ufmylation on target proteins are not fully understood,its importance is evident from the disorders resulting from its dysfunction.Numerous case reports have established a link between biallelic loss-of-function and/or hypomorphic variants in ufmylation-related genes and a spectrum of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders.
基金This study was supported by the grants from National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2011CB944503） and National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81200470 and No. 31230047）.
文摘Background It is still unclear whether the vitrification procedure itself is associated with the incidence of abnormal DNA methylation during oocytes vitrification.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epigenetic profile of mouse oocytes,which went through vitrification either at a mature stage or at an immature stage following in vitro maturation （IVM） by analyzing the global DNA methylation.Methods Metaphase Ⅱ （M Ⅱ） stage and germinal vesicle （GV） stage oocytes were collected from adult female mice and were vitrified respectively.The M Ⅱ oocytes were assessed for cryo-survival and global DNA methylation.The GV oocytes were assessed for cryo-survival and only the surviving GV oocytes were cultured in vitro for subsequent assessment of global DNA methylation in mature oocytes.In vivo matured fresh M Ⅱ oocytes without undergoing vitrification were used as control.The level of global DNA methylation in the M Ⅱ oocytes was then examined by immunofluorescence using an anti-5-methylcytosine （anti-5-MeC） monoclonal antibody and fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC）-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG under a laser scanning confocal microscope.Results In terms of the effect of vitrification on global DNA methylation status in matured oocytes,in the M Ⅱ-v group,all the examined oocytes （90/90） were found with hypermethylation,including 63.3％ （57/90） of them displaying DNA methylation of a very high level,25.6％ （23/90） with a high level,and 11.1％ （10/90） with an intermediate level,whereas in the GV-v group,all the matured oocytes （129/129） were also examined with hypermethylation,including 67.4％ （87/129） of them displaying DNA methylation of a very high level,23.3％ （30/129） with a high level,and 9.3％ （12/129） with an intermediate level.Statistically,it was similar between both groups,which were similar to the control：68.6％ （83/121） of fresh M Ⅱ oocytes displayed DNA methylation of a very high level,21.5％ （26/121） with a high level,and 9.9％（12/121） with an intermediate level （P ＞0.05）.In terms of the effect of IVM on global DNA methylation status in matured oocytes,in the in vivo matured oocytes group,all oocytes examined （94/94） were found with hypermethylation,including 80.9％ （76/94） displaying DNA methylation of a very high level and 19.1％ （18/94） with a high level,whereas in the in vitro matured oocytes group,all oocytes examined （69/69） were also found with hypermethylation：85.2％ （56/69） of them displayed with DNA methylation of very high level,11.9％ （11/69） with high level,and 2％ （2/69） with intermediate level.This result was similar to that in in vivo matured fresh M Ⅱ oocytes （P ＞0.05）.Conclusion The vitrification procedure at GV stage does not induce widespread alteration of global DNA methylation status of mouse oocytes subsequently matured in vitro.
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
基金supported by the CNPC Science and Technology Major Project of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan(2021DJ0101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19B600302,41872148)。
文摘The Early Cambrian Yuertusi Formation(Є_(1)y)in the Tarim Basin of China deposits a continuously developed suite of organic-rich black mudstones,which constitute an important source of oil and gas reservoirs in the Paleozoic.However,its hydrocarbon generation and evolution characteristics and resource potential have long been constrained by deeply buried strata and previous research.In this paper,based on the newly obtained ultra-deep well drilling data,the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion model ofЄ_(1)y shale was established by using data-driven Monte Carlo simulation,upon which the hydrocarbon generation,expulsion,and retention amounts were calculated by using the diagenetic method.The research indicates that theЄ_(1)y shale reaches the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion threshold at equivalent vitrinite reflectances of 0.46%and 0.72%,respectively.The cumulative hydrocarbon generation is 68.88×10^(10)t,the cumulative hydrocarbon expulsion is 35.59×10^(10)t,and the cumulative residual hydrocarbon is 33.29×10^(10)t.This paper systematically and quantitatively calculates the hydrocarbon expulsion at various key geological periods for theЄ_(1)y source rocks in the study area for the first time,more precisely confirming that the black shale of theЄ_(1)y is the most significant source rock contributing to the marine oil and gas resources in the Tarim Basin,filling the gap in hydrocarbon expulsion calculation in the study area,and providing an important basis for the formation and distribution of Paleozoic hydrocarbon reservoirs.The prospect of deep ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin is promising.Especially,the large area of dolomite reservoirs under the Cambrian salt and source rock interiors are the key breakthrough targets for the next exploration in the Tarim Basin.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD1201202)the Major Program of National Agricultural Science and Technology of China(NK20220607)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC1995,2024NSFSC1968,and 2025YFHZ0184)the Science and Technology Bureau of Chengdu City(2024-YF05-00368-SN)。
文摘Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex P.C.Kuo(2n=2x=14,NsNs),a wild relative of wheat,represents a valuable germplasm resource for genetic improvement of wheat.We previously confirmed that a chromosome 7Ns from P.huashanica carries genes that accelerate heading and maturity in wheat.Here,we developed three small segment translocation lines(T7NsS-2BL 2BS,T7NsS-1AS 1AL#1,and T7NsS-1AS 1AL#2)along with one additional small segment translocation line(T7NsS-7BS 7BL)through^(60)Co-γ irradiation,identified using genomic in situ hybridization(GISH),fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),and liquid chip array analyses.Our findings demonstrated that chromosome 7NsS contained a major early heading date gene,tentatively designated Ehd-7Ns,which was mapped to an approximate31.45 Mb region,corresponding to the short arm of wheat chromosome 7A(IWGSC RefSeq v1.0).The T7NsS-1AS 1AL#2 line exhibited no significant yield penalty and possessed superior agronomic traits relative to the other translocation lines in the field,making it a promising pre-breeding donor for breeding early maturing wheat.Furthermore,21 specific Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers were developed based on transcriptome data,enabling effective tracing of alien chromosomal segments carrying this source of Ehd-7Ns in marker-assisted breeding.Collectively,these newly developed translocation lines and specific KASP markers will facilitate the transfer and utilization of favorable genes from P.huashanica chromosome 7Ns in future wheat breeding programs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B6005,52174043,52474035)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(3242019)the China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)Innovation Foundation(2022DQ02-0208 and 2024DQ02-0114).
文摘High-water-cut mature reservoirs typically serve as the“ballast”for ensuring China’s annual crude oil production of 200 million tons.Despite the use of water flooding and chemical methods,over 40%of crude oil remains unexploited.It is critical to develop efficient revolutionary technologies to further enhance oil recovery(EOR)by a large percentage in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.To address this issue,the potential of vertical remaining oil in Daqing Oilfield is first analyzed from massive monitoring data.Using molecular dynamics simulation to design optimal synthetic routine,a copolymer without flu-orine or silicon is synthesized by modifying vinyl acetate(VAc)with maleic anhydride(MA)and styrene(St),and treated as a supercritical CO_(2)(scCO_(2))thickener.The underlying EOR mechanism of the scCO_(2) thickener is thereafter clarified by high-temperature,high-pressure oil displacement experiments.The EOR effect by thickened scCO_(2) flooding in a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir is predicted,and future technological advancements of the technique are ultimately discussed.Results show that the ver-tical remaining oil enriched in weakly swept zones is a primary target for further EOR in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.The copolymer typically exhibits good solubility,strong dispersion stability,and high thickening effect in scCO_(2).Under an ambient pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 50℃,the disso-lution of copolymer at a mass concentration of 0.2%can effectively increase the viscosity of scCO_(2) by 39.4 times.Due to the synergistic effect between expanding vertical swept volume and inhibiting gas channel-ing,crude oil recovery can be further enhanced by 23.1%for a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir when the scCO_(2) viscosity is increased by 50 times.Our understandings demonstrate that the thickened scCO_(2) flooding technology has significant technical advantages in high-water-cut mature reservoirs,with challenges and future development directions in field-scale applications also highlighted.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B6004)Project of PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development(2022yjcq03)Core Technology Key Project of China Petroleum Changqing Oilfield Company(KJZX2023-01).
文摘In addition to the organic matter type,abundance,thermal maturity,and shale reservoir space,the preservation conditions of source rocks play a key factor in affecting the quantity and quality of retained hydrocarbons in source rocks of lacustrine shale,yet this aspect has received little attention.This paper,based on the case analysis,explores how preservation conditions influence the enrichment of mobile hydrocarbons in shale oil.Research showns that good preservation conditions play three key roles.(1)Ensure the retention of sufficient light hydrocarbons(C_(1)–C_(13)),medium hydrocarbons(C_(14)–C_(25))and small molecular aromatics(including 1–2 benzene rings)in the formation,which enhances the fluidity and flow of shale oil;(2)Maintain a high energy field(abnormally high pressure),thus facilitating the maximum outflow of shale oil;(3)Ensure that the retained hydrocarbons have the miscible flow condition of multi-component hydrocarbons(light hydrocarbons,medium hydrocarbons,heavy hydrocarbons,and heteroatomic compounds),so that the heavy hydrocarbons(C_(25+))and heavy components(non-hydrocarbons and asphaltenes)have improved fluidity and maximum flow capacity.In conclusion,in addition to the advantages of organic matter type,abundance,thermal maturity,and reservoir space,good preservation conditions of shale layers are essential for the formation of economically viable shale oil reservoirs,which should be incorporated into the evaluation criteria of shale oil-rich areas/segments and considered a necessary factor when selecting favorable exploration targets.
文摘BACKGROUND Malignant transformation(MT)of mature cystic teratoma(MCT)has a poor prognosis,especially in advanced cases.Concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)has an inhibitory effect on MT.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we present a case in which CCRT had a reduction effect preoperatively.A 73-year-old woman with pyelonephritis was referred to our hospital.Computed tomography revealed right hydronephrosis and a 6-cm pelvic mass.Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUS-FNB)revealed squamous cell carci-noma.The patient was diagnosed with MT of MCT.Due to her poor general con-dition and renal malfunction,we selected CCRT,expecting fewer adverse effects.After CCRT,her performance status improved,and the tumor size was reduced;surgery was performed.Five months postoperatively,the patient developed dis-semination and lymph node metastases.Palliative chemotherapy was ineffective.She died 18 months after treatment initiation.CONCLUSION EUS-FNB was useful in the diagnosis of MT of MCT;CCRT suppressed the disea-se and improved quality of life.
文摘Background: Biological maturation refers to the progressive process through which individuals transition toward an adult state during growth and development. To address the challenges posed by differences in biological maturity and the limitations of existing testing methods, particularly in adolescent sports contexts, there is a pressing need for a non-invasive method that is convenient, accurate, and broadly applicable to monitor the biological maturity of adolescent athletes comprehensively. In response to this need, a maturity assessment method based on the smartphone application Maturo has been developed. This study evaluates the accuracy and validity of the Maturo software, an automated tool for estimating biological age and related maturation metrics.Methods: A sample of 103 actively training teenage athletes aged 9-17 years. The sample included 76 males(age = 11.74 ± 1.55 years, mean ±SD) and 27 females(age = 13.95 ± 1.40 years), all without medical conditions that might impact growth or development.Results: Compared to traditional expert evaluations, the intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs) and Pearson correlation coefficients demonstrated reliable positive correlations and significant agreement between the Maturo software and expert methods across multiple metrics, such as biological age(ICC = 0.965, R = 0.97), corrected biological age(ICC = 0.973, R = 0.99), predicted adult height(ICC = 0.991, R = 0.99), and percentage of adult height achieved(ICC = 0.955, R = 0.97). The Bland-Altman plots provided additional evidence of the validity of the Maturo software estimations, showing low systematic error in most measures. The linear regression analysis produced excellent adjusted R2values: 0.95for biological age and 0.99 for anticipated adult height. The Maturo approach demonstrated a high level of dependability in classifying teenagers into groups based on their maturity status and timing. The κ coefficients of 0.93 for maturity status and 0.82 for maturity timing indicate a nearly perfect agreement with the expert technique.Conclusion: While the Maturo software's non-invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use could make it a potential tool for regular monitoring of growth and maturation in young athletes, its promising results in assessing maturation should be interpreted with caution due to limitations such as sample size and demographic constraints. Further longitude research with larger and more diverse populations is needed to validate these preliminary findings and strengthen the evidence for its broader applicability.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82373263 and 82403835)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC2506400)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M751405)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Project(Grant No.BK20240247)General Project of Nanjing Health Science and Technology Development Program(Grant No.YKK24084).
文摘Tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs)exhibit highly func-tional heterogeneity across cancers.Although TANs pro-mote inflammatory responses and contribute to tumor clearance,they frequently undergo context-dependent reprogramming within the tumor microenvironment(TME)into highly immunosuppressive phenotypes that facilitate cancer dissemination and immunotherapy resist-ance1,2.We contend that an underappreciated,upstream determinant of this divergence is the maturation stage of TANs3,4.The developmental stage of TANs determines the migration patterns and constrains the functional capacity,and the developmental stage also constrains the extent of TME-driven re-education,together shaping pro-or anti-tu-mor outcomes3-5.In this Perspective,we place maturation at the core of TAN biology and discuss current definitions for TAN developmental stages and the measurable mark-ers that researchers and clinicians can use(Figure 1).In addition,spatial and temporal transitions in TAN matu-ration stages and the factors that govern these transitions are elucidated.We explain how maturation status shapes TAN function and articulate the key differences between mouse and human TAN maturation systems to highlight the value of human immune system(HIS)mouse models.Based on this framework,functional biomarkers and signa-tures of TAN maturation are introduced and we show how to embed them into patient stratification and longitudinal monitoring.Finally,we outline immunotherapy strategies targeting TAN maturation,selecting interventions guided by maturation markers to reinforce treatment benefits for cancer patients.
基金STU Scientific Research Initiation Grant[Grant No.STF24004T]Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China[Grant No.2021B1515020103].
文摘This study explores the relationship between corporate environmental,social,and governance(ESG)disagreements and corporate debt maturity.By examining panel samples from Chinese non-financial listed companies covering 2007 to 2020,we find that ESG disagreements negatively influence corporate debt maturity.Even after conducting a series of robustness tests and addressing endogeneity concerns,the adverse effects of ESG disagreements persisted.A heterogeneity analysis shows that this negative impact is more significant for non-state-owned enterprises,small enterprises,enterprises with high capital intensity,enterprises with low analyst attention,and enterprises in high-tech industries.Through a mechanism analysis,we discovered that ESG disagreements can lead to information asymmetry and heightened default risk,subsequently affecting the maturity of corporate debt.Further analysis confirms that the negative impact of ESG on the debt structure inhibits long-term investment and exacerbates the mismatch between investment and financing terms.
文摘The study aimed to develop a customized Data Governance Maturity Model (DGMM) for the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in Kenya to address data governance challenges in military settings. Current frameworks lack specific requirements for the defence industry. The model uses Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to enhance data governance procedures. Design Science Research guided the study, using qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data from MoD personnel. Major deficiencies were found in data integration, quality control, and adherence to data security regulations. The DGMM helps the MOD improve personnel, procedures, technology, and organizational elements related to data management. The model was tested against ISO/IEC 38500 and recommended for use in other government sectors with similar data governance issues. The DGMM has the potential to enhance data management efficiency, security, and compliance in the MOD and guide further research in military data governance.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172721)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-40)+1 种基金the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(2021-YWF-ZYSQ-12)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-IAS04)。
文摘Sexual maturation heterosis has been widely exploited in animal crossbreeding.However,the underlying mechanism has been rarely explored in chicken.In the present study,we performed the reciprocal crossing between White Leghorn and Beijing You chicken to evaluate the phenotypes related to sexual maturation,and profiled the ovary circRNAs of purebreds(WW,YY)and crossbreds(WY,YW)to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying heterosis for sexual maturation.Pubic space and oviduct length exhibited positive heterosis,and age at first egg(AFE)exhibited negative heterosis in the crossbreds.We identified 3,025 known circRNAs and 624 putative circRNAs,which were mainly derived from the exons.Among these circRNAs,141 and 178circRNAs were specially expressed in WY and YW,respectively.There were 52.38 and 64.63%of total circRNAs in WY and YW exhibited non-additive expression pattern,respectively.GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the host genes of non-additive circRNAs were mainly involved in TGF-beta signaling pathway,oocyte development,ATPase activator activity,oocyte meiosis,progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and GnRH signaling pathway.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified that 4 modules were significantly(P<0.05)correlated with oviduct length and pubic space.The host genes of non-additive circRNAs harbored in the 4 modules were associated with MAPK signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway.Furthermore,competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNA)network analysis characterized non-additive circRNAs gal-FGFR2_0005 and galMAPKAP1_0004 could interact with gga-miR-1612 and gga-miR-12235-5p to regulate CNOT6,COL8A1,and FHL2,which were essential for ovary development,indicating that the non-additive circRNAs involved in the formation of sexual maturation heterosis through regulating genes related to the reproductive and developmental process.The findings would provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying sexual maturation heterosis from a novel perspective.
文摘Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the pentacyclic triterpenoid distributions,specifically hopane and oleanane fingerprints,in 24 crude oil samples from the Niger Delta depobelts,with the aim of defining the petroleum system,filling history,and the age of source rock producing these oils.The results indicate that the Niger Delta oils belong to a single fluvio-deltaic petroleum system,reflecting similar source organic facies and depositional environments.Geochemical parameters,including C29/C30hopane ratios,oleanane index,Ts/Tm,(Ts/(Ts+Tm)),moretane/C30hopane ratios,and C3222S/(22S+22R)ratios,suggest oxic conditions during source rock deposition and thermal maturity of the oils.The presence of terrigenous organic matter and complex filling history are also evident and influenced by multiple phases of sedimentation,and petroleum generation.A comparative plot of geologic time(Paleogene-Neogene age)and oleanane percentage composition show that the crude oils are constrained to the chronostratigraphic ages of their respective depobelts,demonstrating the potential of oleanane-derived parameters for relative dating of hydrocarbon sources,complementing traditional index fossil methods.
