To enhance network security,this study employs a deep graph matching model for vulnerability similarity detection.The model utilizes a Word Embedding layer to vectorize data words,an Image Embedding layer to vectorize...To enhance network security,this study employs a deep graph matching model for vulnerability similarity detection.The model utilizes a Word Embedding layer to vectorize data words,an Image Embedding layer to vectorize data graphs,and an LSTM layer to extract the associations between word and graph vectors.A Dropout layer is applied to randomly deactivate neurons in the LSTM layer,while a Softmax layer maps the LSTM analysis results.Finally,a fully connected layer outputs the detection results with a dimension of 1.Experimental results demonstrate that the AUC of the deep graph matching vulnerability similarity detection model is 0.9721,indicating good stability.The similarity scores for vulnerabilities such as memory leaks,buffer overflows,and targeted attacks are close to 1,showing significant similarity.In contrast,the similarity scores for vulnerabilities like out-of-bounds memory access and logical design flaws are less than 0.4,indicating good similarity detection performance.The model’s evaluation metrics are all above 97%,with high detection accuracy,which is beneficial for improving network security.展开更多
This study introduces an optical neural network(ONN)-based autoencoder for efficient image processing,utilizing specialized optical matrix-vector multipliers for both encoding and decoding tasks.To address the challen...This study introduces an optical neural network(ONN)-based autoencoder for efficient image processing,utilizing specialized optical matrix-vector multipliers for both encoding and decoding tasks.To address the challenges in efficient decoding,we propose a method that optimizes output processing through scalar multiplications,enhancing performance in generating higher-dimensional outputs.By employing on-system iterative tuning,we mitigate hardware imperfections and noise,progressively improving image reconstruction accuracy to near-digital quality.Furthermore,our approach supports noise reduction and optical image generation,enabling models such as denoising autoencoders,variational autoencoders,and generative adversarial networks.Our results demonstrate that ONN-based systems have the potential to surpass the energy efficiency of traditional electronic systems,enabling real-time,low-power image processing in applications such as medical imaging,autonomous vehicles,and edge computing.展开更多
The present paper is concerned with the investigation of disturbances in＇a homogeneous, isotropic elastic medium with generalized thermoelastic diffusion, when a moving source is acting along one of the co-ordinate a...The present paper is concerned with the investigation of disturbances in＇a homogeneous, isotropic elastic medium with generalized thermoelastic diffusion, when a moving source is acting along one of the co-ordinate axis on the boundary of the medium. Eigen value approach is applied to study the disturbance in Laplace-Fourier transform domain for a two dimensional problem. The analytical expressions for displacement components, stresses, temperature field, concentration and chemical potential are obtained in the physical domain by using a numerical technique for the inversion of Laplace transform based on Fourier expansion techniques. These expressions are calculated numerically for a copper like material and depicted graphically. As special cases, the results in generalized thermoelastic and elastic media are obtained. Effect of presence of diffusion is analyzed theoretically and numerically.展开更多
A Direction Of Arrival(DOA) estimator based on the signal separation principle is introduced, and one of representative multidimensional estimators is established by introducing Matrix Operator projection signal steer...A Direction Of Arrival(DOA) estimator based on the signal separation principle is introduced, and one of representative multidimensional estimators is established by introducing Matrix Operator projection signal steering Vector Excision(MOVE) operation. Thanks to Alternating Separation (AS) technique, the multidimensional problem is transformed into a series of one-dimensional optimal ones. Furthermore, an equivalent simplified implementation of the AS is obtained. Finally the definiteness and uniqueness of the estimator are analyzed.展开更多
Each neuronal subtype is distinct in how it develops,responds to environmental cues,and whether it is capable of mounting a regenerative response following injury.Although the adult central nervous system（CNS） does ...Each neuronal subtype is distinct in how it develops,responds to environmental cues,and whether it is capable of mounting a regenerative response following injury.Although the adult central nervous system（CNS） does not regenerate,several experimental interventions have been trialled with successful albeit limited instances of axonal repair.We highlight here some of these approaches including extracellular matrix（ECM） modification,cellular grafting,gene therapy-induced replacement of proteins,as well as application of biomaterials.We also review the recent report demonstrating the failure of axonal localization and transport of growth-promoting receptors within certain classes of mature neurons.More specifically,we discuss an inability of integrin receptors to localize within the axonal compartment of mature motor neurons such as in the corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts,whereas in immature neurons of those pathways and in mature sensory tracts such as in the optic nerve and dorsal column pathways these receptors readily localize within axons.Furthermore we assert that this failure of axonal localization contributes to the intrinsic inability of axonal regeneration.We conclude by highlighting the necessity for both combined therapies as well as a targeted approach specific to both age and neuronal subtype will be required to induce substantial CNS repair.展开更多
In an explicit, unified, and covariant formulation of an octonion algebra, we study and generalize the electromagnetic chiral fields equations of massive dyons with the split octonionic representation. Starting with 2...In an explicit, unified, and covariant formulation of an octonion algebra, we study and generalize the electromagnetic chiral fields equations of massive dyons with the split octonionic representation. Starting with 2 × 2 Zorn's vector matrix realization of split-octonion and its dual Euclidean spaces, we represent the unified structure of split octonionic electric and magnetic induction vectors for chiral media. As such, in present paper, we describe the chiral parameter and pairing constants in terms of split octonionic matrix representation of Drude-Born-Fedorov constitutive relations. We have expressed a split octonionic electromagnetic field vector for chiral media, which exhibits the unified field structure of electric and magnetic chiral fields of dyons. The beauty of split octonionic representation of Zorn vector matrix realization is that, the every scalar and vector components have its own meaning in the generalized chiral electromagnetism of dyons. Correspondingly, we obtained the alternative form of generalized Proca–Maxwell's equations of massive dyons in chiral media. Furthermore, the continuity equations, Poynting theorem and wave propagation for generalized electromagnetic fields of chiral media of massive dyons are established by split octonionic form of Zorn vector matrix algebra.展开更多
To enhance the accuracy of intuitionistic fuzzy time series forecasting model, this paper analyses the influence of universe of discourse partition and compares with relevant literature. Traditional models usually par...To enhance the accuracy of intuitionistic fuzzy time series forecasting model, this paper analyses the influence of universe of discourse partition and compares with relevant literature. Traditional models usually partition the global universe of discourse, which is not appropriate for all objectives. For example, the universe of the secular trend model is continuously variational. In addition, most forecasting methods rely on prior information, i.e., fuzzy relationship groups (FRG). Numerous relationship groups lead to the explosive growth of relationship library in a linear model and increase the computational complexity. To overcome problems above and ascertain an appropriate order, an intuitionistic fuzzy time series forecasting model based on order decision and adaptive partition algorithm is proposed. By forecasting the vector operator matrix, the proposed model can adjust partitions and intervals adaptively. The proposed model is tested on student enrollments of Alabama dataset, typical seasonal dataset Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) and a secular trend dataset of total retail sales for social consumer goods in China. Experimental results illustrate the validity and applicability of the proposed method for different patterns of dataset.展开更多
A cylindrical system of vector functions, the stiffness matrix method and the corresponding recursive algorithm are proposed to investigate the static response of transversely isotropic,layered magneto-electro-elastic...A cylindrical system of vector functions, the stiffness matrix method and the corresponding recursive algorithm are proposed to investigate the static response of transversely isotropic,layered magneto-electro-elastic（MEE） structures over a homogeneous half-space substrate subjected to circular surface loading. In terms of the system of vector functions, we expand the extended displacements and stresses, and deduce two sets of ordinary differential equations, which are related to the expansion coeficients. The solution to one of the two sets of these ordinary differential equations can be evaluated by using the stiffness matrix method and the corresponding recursive algorithm. These expansion coeficients are then integrated by adaptive Gaussian quadrature to obtain the displacements and stresses in the physical domain. Two types of surface loads, mechanical pressure and electric loading,are considered in the numerical examples. The calculated results show that the proposed technique is stable and effective in analyzing the layered half-space MEE structures under surface loading.展开更多
Published online:14 August 2023 A matrix-vector multiplication(MVM)optical signal processor based on mode division multiplexing(MDM)was proposed and demon-strated in the current work,which is composed of a mode multip...Published online:14 August 2023 A matrix-vector multiplication(MVM)optical signal processor based on mode division multiplexing(MDM)was proposed and demon-strated in the current work,which is composed of a mode multiplexer,a multimode beam splitter,a mode demultiplexer,a modulator ar-ray and combiners.In addition,the characteristics of MDM obviate the need for multiple wavelengths and therefore multiple laser light sources are unneeded,which greatly reduces the complexity and cost.A 4×4 MDM-MVM was realized on a standard silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform.Combined with the off-chip light source and photode-tectors(PDs),4-level modulation has been demonstrated,and each level of the output signal could represent 2 bits of information.展开更多
In order to ease the pass-band response distortion of the matrix pre-filter,a simple approach for designing matrix spatial filter is proposed,which minimizes the sum of the k maximal distortion norm（k is the number o...In order to ease the pass-band response distortion of the matrix pre-filter,a simple approach for designing matrix spatial filter is proposed,which minimizes the sum of the k maximal distortion norm（k is the number of the constraint points）within the pass-band,while constraining the filter response within the stop-band.Considering the costly amount of calculation of the high-resolution methods,an algorithm with small amount of calculation based on matrix pre-filtering and subspace fitting using acoustic vector array（MF-VSSF）is proposed.Through joint processing of signal subspace of both pressure and particle velocity,the pre-filtering matrix and the signal subspace is decreased to M-dimensional（M is the number of array-element）,hence reduces the time-consumption of the matrix pre-filter design and DOA searching.Simulation results show that,the method offers the same performance as MUSIC with pre-filtering,but has much lesser amount of calculation.Moreover,the designed prefilter can efficiently suppress the interference in the stop-band and improve the estimation and resolution performance of successive DOA estimators.展开更多
This paper investigates optimal control for two kinds of multi-agent systems with the sampled-data based communication protocols.Necessary and sufficient conditions on data-sampling controllability are obtained for sa...This paper investigates optimal control for two kinds of multi-agent systems with the sampled-data based communication protocols.Necessary and sufficient conditions on data-sampling controllability are obtained for sampled-data based multi-agent systems,which indicate that sampling periods affect the controllability of double-integrator systems,whereas the controllability of singleintegrator systems is decided by the interconnection topology.To obtain the optimal control inputs under different objectives,two concepts of 2-norm-optimal control and infinity-norm-optimal control are proposed.For both kinds of systems,generalised inverse matrices of controllability test matrices are utilised to derive the 2-norm-optimal controls,and the infinity-norm-optimal controls are equivalently transformed to be the optimal solutions of some specific linear programming problems via matrix vectorization.Some illustrative examples are provided for the main results in this paper.展开更多
In recent years,the explosive development of artificial intelligence implementing by artificial neural networks(ANNs)creates inconceivable demands for computing hardware.However,conventional computing hardware based o...In recent years,the explosive development of artificial intelligence implementing by artificial neural networks(ANNs)creates inconceivable demands for computing hardware.However,conventional computing hardware based on electronic transistor and von Neumann architecture cannot satisfy such an inconceivable demand due to the unsustainability of Moore’s Law and the failure of Dennard’s scaling rules.Fortunately,analog optical computing offers an alternative way to release unprecedented computational capability to accelerate varies computing drained tasks.In this article,the challenges of the modern computing technologies and potential solutions are briefly explained in Chapter 1.In Chapter 2,the latest research progresses of analog optical computing are separated into three directions:vector/matrix manipulation,reservoir computing and photonic Ising machine.Each direction has been explicitly summarized and discussed.The last chapter explains the prospects and the new challenges of analog optical computing.展开更多
The paper addresses the system performance of coal-fired power unit with changed auxiliary system or other local heat disturbance. The idea of state space model is imported and the universal formula for the calculatio...The paper addresses the system performance of coal-fired power unit with changed auxiliary system or other local heat disturbance. The idea of state space model is imported and the universal formula for the calculation of system performance output is deduced on the system state equation. Two important vector of system are worked out under linear system assumption and transform. The transfer matrix is the characteristics of system itself and is constant for a similar condition, which greatly facilitates the analysis. The concept of thermal disturbance vector is proposed to construct the thermal disturbance input easily. The method can be helpful for analyzing any thermal disturbance input satisfying the assumption and also for supplementing the correction means of performance test. An example of 600MW power unit is presented to demonstrate its availability.展开更多
基金Special Project Funded by Tsinghua University Press:“Engineering Drawing and CAD”Course Construction and Textbook Development。
文摘To enhance network security,this study employs a deep graph matching model for vulnerability similarity detection.The model utilizes a Word Embedding layer to vectorize data words,an Image Embedding layer to vectorize data graphs,and an LSTM layer to extract the associations between word and graph vectors.A Dropout layer is applied to randomly deactivate neurons in the LSTM layer,while a Softmax layer maps the LSTM analysis results.Finally,a fully connected layer outputs the detection results with a dimension of 1.Experimental results demonstrate that the AUC of the deep graph matching vulnerability similarity detection model is 0.9721,indicating good stability.The similarity scores for vulnerabilities such as memory leaks,buffer overflows,and targeted attacks are close to 1,showing significant similarity.In contrast,the similarity scores for vulnerabilities like out-of-bounds memory access and logical design flaws are less than 0.4,indicating good similarity detection performance.The model’s evaluation metrics are all above 97%,with high detection accuracy,which is beneficial for improving network security.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(MSIP)of Korea(Nos.RS-2021-NR060087 and RS-2024-00353762)。
文摘This study introduces an optical neural network(ONN)-based autoencoder for efficient image processing,utilizing specialized optical matrix-vector multipliers for both encoding and decoding tasks.To address the challenges in efficient decoding,we propose a method that optimizes output processing through scalar multiplications,enhancing performance in generating higher-dimensional outputs.By employing on-system iterative tuning,we mitigate hardware imperfections and noise,progressively improving image reconstruction accuracy to near-digital quality.Furthermore,our approach supports noise reduction and optical image generation,enabling models such as denoising autoencoders,variational autoencoders,and generative adversarial networks.Our results demonstrate that ONN-based systems have the potential to surpass the energy efficiency of traditional electronic systems,enabling real-time,low-power image processing in applications such as medical imaging,autonomous vehicles,and edge computing.
文摘The present paper is concerned with the investigation of disturbances in＇a homogeneous, isotropic elastic medium with generalized thermoelastic diffusion, when a moving source is acting along one of the co-ordinate axis on the boundary of the medium. Eigen value approach is applied to study the disturbance in Laplace-Fourier transform domain for a two dimensional problem. The analytical expressions for displacement components, stresses, temperature field, concentration and chemical potential are obtained in the physical domain by using a numerical technique for the inversion of Laplace transform based on Fourier expansion techniques. These expressions are calculated numerically for a copper like material and depicted graphically. As special cases, the results in generalized thermoelastic and elastic media are obtained. Effect of presence of diffusion is analyzed theoretically and numerically.
基金Partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60372036), Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2002F24) and Funds from the Information Industry Ministry of China (2002XK610039)
文摘A Direction Of Arrival(DOA) estimator based on the signal separation principle is introduced, and one of representative multidimensional estimators is established by introducing Matrix Operator projection signal steering Vector Excision(MOVE) operation. Thanks to Alternating Separation (AS) technique, the multidimensional problem is transformed into a series of one-dimensional optimal ones. Furthermore, an equivalent simplified implementation of the AS is obtained. Finally the definiteness and uniqueness of the estimator are analyzed.
基金support from the Morton Cure Paralysis Fund and Royal Society Research grant
文摘Each neuronal subtype is distinct in how it develops,responds to environmental cues,and whether it is capable of mounting a regenerative response following injury.Although the adult central nervous system（CNS） does not regenerate,several experimental interventions have been trialled with successful albeit limited instances of axonal repair.We highlight here some of these approaches including extracellular matrix（ECM） modification,cellular grafting,gene therapy-induced replacement of proteins,as well as application of biomaterials.We also review the recent report demonstrating the failure of axonal localization and transport of growth-promoting receptors within certain classes of mature neurons.More specifically,we discuss an inability of integrin receptors to localize within the axonal compartment of mature motor neurons such as in the corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts,whereas in immature neurons of those pathways and in mature sensory tracts such as in the optic nerve and dorsal column pathways these receptors readily localize within axons.Furthermore we assert that this failure of axonal localization contributes to the intrinsic inability of axonal regeneration.We conclude by highlighting the necessity for both combined therapies as well as a targeted approach specific to both age and neuronal subtype will be required to induce substantial CNS repair.
文摘In an explicit, unified, and covariant formulation of an octonion algebra, we study and generalize the electromagnetic chiral fields equations of massive dyons with the split octonionic representation. Starting with 2 × 2 Zorn's vector matrix realization of split-octonion and its dual Euclidean spaces, we represent the unified structure of split octonionic electric and magnetic induction vectors for chiral media. As such, in present paper, we describe the chiral parameter and pairing constants in terms of split octonionic matrix representation of Drude-Born-Fedorov constitutive relations. We have expressed a split octonionic electromagnetic field vector for chiral media, which exhibits the unified field structure of electric and magnetic chiral fields of dyons. The beauty of split octonionic representation of Zorn vector matrix realization is that, the every scalar and vector components have its own meaning in the generalized chiral electromagnetism of dyons. Correspondingly, we obtained the alternative form of generalized Proca–Maxwell's equations of massive dyons in chiral media. Furthermore, the continuity equations, Poynting theorem and wave propagation for generalized electromagnetic fields of chiral media of massive dyons are established by split octonionic form of Zorn vector matrix algebra.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61309022)
文摘To enhance the accuracy of intuitionistic fuzzy time series forecasting model, this paper analyses the influence of universe of discourse partition and compares with relevant literature. Traditional models usually partition the global universe of discourse, which is not appropriate for all objectives. For example, the universe of the secular trend model is continuously variational. In addition, most forecasting methods rely on prior information, i.e., fuzzy relationship groups (FRG). Numerous relationship groups lead to the explosive growth of relationship library in a linear model and increase the computational complexity. To overcome problems above and ascertain an appropriate order, an intuitionistic fuzzy time series forecasting model based on order decision and adaptive partition algorithm is proposed. By forecasting the vector operator matrix, the proposed model can adjust partitions and intervals adaptively. The proposed model is tested on student enrollments of Alabama dataset, typical seasonal dataset Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) and a secular trend dataset of total retail sales for social consumer goods in China. Experimental results illustrate the validity and applicability of the proposed method for different patterns of dataset.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U1333201, 11502123 and 11262012 )
文摘A cylindrical system of vector functions, the stiffness matrix method and the corresponding recursive algorithm are proposed to investigate the static response of transversely isotropic,layered magneto-electro-elastic（MEE） structures over a homogeneous half-space substrate subjected to circular surface loading. In terms of the system of vector functions, we expand the extended displacements and stresses, and deduce two sets of ordinary differential equations, which are related to the expansion coeficients. The solution to one of the two sets of these ordinary differential equations can be evaluated by using the stiffness matrix method and the corresponding recursive algorithm. These expansion coeficients are then integrated by adaptive Gaussian quadrature to obtain the displacements and stresses in the physical domain. Two types of surface loads, mechanical pressure and electric loading,are considered in the numerical examples. The calculated results show that the proposed technique is stable and effective in analyzing the layered half-space MEE structures under surface loading.
基金supported by National Major Research and Devel-opment Program(2021YFB2801703)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62135011&62105286)+1 种基金“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2022C01103)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Published online:14 August 2023 A matrix-vector multiplication(MVM)optical signal processor based on mode division multiplexing(MDM)was proposed and demon-strated in the current work,which is composed of a mode multiplexer,a multimode beam splitter,a mode demultiplexer,a modulator ar-ray and combiners.In addition,the characteristics of MDM obviate the need for multiple wavelengths and therefore multiple laser light sources are unneeded,which greatly reduces the complexity and cost.A 4×4 MDM-MVM was realized on a standard silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform.Combined with the off-chip light source and photode-tectors(PDs),4-level modulation has been demonstrated,and each level of the output signal could represent 2 bits of information.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61201411)
文摘In order to ease the pass-band response distortion of the matrix pre-filter,a simple approach for designing matrix spatial filter is proposed,which minimizes the sum of the k maximal distortion norm（k is the number of the constraint points）within the pass-band,while constraining the filter response within the stop-band.Considering the costly amount of calculation of the high-resolution methods,an algorithm with small amount of calculation based on matrix pre-filtering and subspace fitting using acoustic vector array（MF-VSSF）is proposed.Through joint processing of signal subspace of both pressure and particle velocity,the pre-filtering matrix and the signal subspace is decreased to M-dimensional（M is the number of array-element）,hence reduces the time-consumption of the matrix pre-filter design and DOA searching.Simulation results show that,the method offers the same performance as MUSIC with pre-filtering,but has much lesser amount of calculation.Moreover,the designed prefilter can efficiently suppress the interference in the stop-band and improve the estimation and resolution performance of successive DOA estimators.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.590121027。
文摘This paper investigates optimal control for two kinds of multi-agent systems with the sampled-data based communication protocols.Necessary and sufficient conditions on data-sampling controllability are obtained for sampled-data based multi-agent systems,which indicate that sampling periods affect the controllability of double-integrator systems,whereas the controllability of singleintegrator systems is decided by the interconnection topology.To obtain the optimal control inputs under different objectives,two concepts of 2-norm-optimal control and infinity-norm-optimal control are proposed.For both kinds of systems,generalised inverse matrices of controllability test matrices are utilised to derive the 2-norm-optimal controls,and the infinity-norm-optimal controls are equivalently transformed to be the optimal solutions of some specific linear programming problems via matrix vectorization.Some illustrative examples are provided for the main results in this paper.
文摘In recent years,the explosive development of artificial intelligence implementing by artificial neural networks(ANNs)creates inconceivable demands for computing hardware.However,conventional computing hardware based on electronic transistor and von Neumann architecture cannot satisfy such an inconceivable demand due to the unsustainability of Moore’s Law and the failure of Dennard’s scaling rules.Fortunately,analog optical computing offers an alternative way to release unprecedented computational capability to accelerate varies computing drained tasks.In this article,the challenges of the modern computing technologies and potential solutions are briefly explained in Chapter 1.In Chapter 2,the latest research progresses of analog optical computing are separated into three directions:vector/matrix manipulation,reservoir computing and photonic Ising machine.Each direction has been explicitly summarized and discussed.The last chapter explains the prospects and the new challenges of analog optical computing.
文摘The paper addresses the system performance of coal-fired power unit with changed auxiliary system or other local heat disturbance. The idea of state space model is imported and the universal formula for the calculation of system performance output is deduced on the system state equation. Two important vector of system are worked out under linear system assumption and transform. The transfer matrix is the characteristics of system itself and is constant for a similar condition, which greatly facilitates the analysis. The concept of thermal disturbance vector is proposed to construct the thermal disturbance input easily. The method can be helpful for analyzing any thermal disturbance input satisfying the assumption and also for supplementing the correction means of performance test. An example of 600MW power unit is presented to demonstrate its availability.
