HIV-1 matrix protein (MA) is a multifunctional structural protein localized on N terminus of Gag precursor p55. MA participates in HIV-1 assembly as membranotropic part of Gag precursor as well as an individual protei...HIV-1 matrix protein (MA) is a multifunctional structural protein localized on N terminus of Gag precursor p55. MA participates in HIV-1 assembly as membranotropic part of Gag precursor as well as an individual protein spliced from Gag early in infection. MA is found in the nuclei of infected cells and in plasma membrane, the site of virus assembly, in association with viral genome RNA. MA mutated variant M4 which contains two changed amino acids in N-terminal regions is also associated with viral RNA, but it is localized in the nuclear and cytoskeleton fractions but not in the plasma membrane suggesting that the mutant is deprived of membranotropic signal and “sticks” in the nuclei an d cytoskeleton, its previous location sites. These data allow suggesting that MA involved into transmission of viral RNA is transported to plasma membrane by cytoskeleton.展开更多
背景:中枢神经系统髓鞘再生是由脱髓鞘事件触发的基本修复过程,主要通过少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移并向少突胶质细胞分化进而再生髓鞘。髓鞘再生过程受到多种因素如星形胶质细胞、髓鞘碎片、小胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞、周细...背景:中枢神经系统髓鞘再生是由脱髓鞘事件触发的基本修复过程,主要通过少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移并向少突胶质细胞分化进而再生髓鞘。髓鞘再生过程受到多种因素如星形胶质细胞、髓鞘碎片、小胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞、周细胞、T细胞以及年龄等的影响。目的:星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统发挥着调节突触活动、营养支持及组织修复等重要作用。文章通过综述星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用,旨在为中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病提供潜在的治疗靶点。方法:检索2014-2024年在中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库收录的文献,中文检索词:“星形胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞前体细胞,髓鞘再生”,英文检索词:“Astrocyte OR Astroglia*,Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell*,Remyelination”,经筛选后提取66篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)以多发性硬化为代表的脱髓鞘疾病的治疗主要是疾病修饰疗法,尚无可用的促进髓鞘再生的方法,因此,探索髓鞘再生相关靶点以促进髓鞘再生是十分必要的。(2)髓鞘再生是由少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移、分化、成熟为少突胶质细胞,后者产生髓磷脂包裹轴突以形成髓鞘的过程。(3)星形胶质细胞通过吞噬髓鞘碎片、参与炎性反应、向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞转分化、为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞供能、释放神经营养因子、分泌细胞外基质成分等调节髓鞘再生。(4)文章所归纳的药物是以星形胶质细胞及其衍生因子作为干预靶点调控髓鞘再生,部分药物效果尚可,但其有效性及安全性仍需更多的基础研究及临床试验来验证。(5)星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用机制尚未完全阐明,相关的分子靶点及信号通路有待进一步研究。展开更多
文摘HIV-1 matrix protein (MA) is a multifunctional structural protein localized on N terminus of Gag precursor p55. MA participates in HIV-1 assembly as membranotropic part of Gag precursor as well as an individual protein spliced from Gag early in infection. MA is found in the nuclei of infected cells and in plasma membrane, the site of virus assembly, in association with viral genome RNA. MA mutated variant M4 which contains two changed amino acids in N-terminal regions is also associated with viral RNA, but it is localized in the nuclear and cytoskeleton fractions but not in the plasma membrane suggesting that the mutant is deprived of membranotropic signal and “sticks” in the nuclei an d cytoskeleton, its previous location sites. These data allow suggesting that MA involved into transmission of viral RNA is transported to plasma membrane by cytoskeleton.
文摘背景:中枢神经系统髓鞘再生是由脱髓鞘事件触发的基本修复过程,主要通过少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移并向少突胶质细胞分化进而再生髓鞘。髓鞘再生过程受到多种因素如星形胶质细胞、髓鞘碎片、小胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞、周细胞、T细胞以及年龄等的影响。目的:星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统发挥着调节突触活动、营养支持及组织修复等重要作用。文章通过综述星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用,旨在为中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病提供潜在的治疗靶点。方法:检索2014-2024年在中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库收录的文献,中文检索词:“星形胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞前体细胞,髓鞘再生”,英文检索词:“Astrocyte OR Astroglia*,Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell*,Remyelination”,经筛选后提取66篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)以多发性硬化为代表的脱髓鞘疾病的治疗主要是疾病修饰疗法,尚无可用的促进髓鞘再生的方法,因此,探索髓鞘再生相关靶点以促进髓鞘再生是十分必要的。(2)髓鞘再生是由少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移、分化、成熟为少突胶质细胞,后者产生髓磷脂包裹轴突以形成髓鞘的过程。(3)星形胶质细胞通过吞噬髓鞘碎片、参与炎性反应、向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞转分化、为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞供能、释放神经营养因子、分泌细胞外基质成分等调节髓鞘再生。(4)文章所归纳的药物是以星形胶质细胞及其衍生因子作为干预靶点调控髓鞘再生,部分药物效果尚可,但其有效性及安全性仍需更多的基础研究及临床试验来验证。(5)星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用机制尚未完全阐明,相关的分子靶点及信号通路有待进一步研究。
