This research examined the feasibility of incorporating electric arc furnace(EAF)slag and waste plastic into stone matrix asphalt(SMA)mixtures.With annual global production of over 70 million tons of EAF slag and 300 ...This research examined the feasibility of incorporating electric arc furnace(EAF)slag and waste plastic into stone matrix asphalt(SMA)mixtures.With annual global production of over 70 million tons of EAF slag and 300 million tons of plastic waste,repurposing these materials could yield substantial environmental benefits.The research evaluated SMA mixtures with EAF slag as aggregate replacement and waste plastic as a binder modifier.The research aimed to develop sustainable SMA formulations while promoting recycling of industrial byproducts.Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate mix design characteristics,drain-down potential,abrasion resistance,rutting resistance,moisture susceptibility,fatigue performance,and stiffness of modified SMA mixtures.The addition of waste plastic,ranging from 4%,6%,8%and 12%by weight of bitumen,demonstrated significant improvements in key properties.Results showed that waste plastic reduced the optimum binder content and increased voids in the mineral aggregate.EAF slag mixtures demonstrated improved drain-down characteristics and moisture susceptibility.Both rutting resistance and fatigue life increased significantly with waste plastic content,with EAF slag mixtures consistently outperforming those made with conventional aggregates.Ultrasonic pulse velocity tests indicated higher stiffness in modified mixtures.The optimal waste plastic content was determined to be 8%by weight of bitumen.Statistical analysis confirmed significant effects of both EAF slag and waste plastic on multiple performance parameters.These findings highlight the potential of incorporating industrial byproducts into SMA mixtures to achieve high-performance road construction solutions,offering a viable pathway for addressing global waste management challenges.展开更多
Stone matrix asphalt （SMA） is a gap-graded bituminous mixture which can be used in surface layer of high volume pavements. The mixture has higher concen- trations of coarse aggregates, providing strength and rut res...Stone matrix asphalt （SMA） is a gap-graded bituminous mixture which can be used in surface layer of high volume pavements. The mixture has higher concen- trations of coarse aggregates, providing strength and rut resistance to the mixture, and higher asphalt content giving durability. There must be a proper stone-to-stone contact between the coarse aggregates of SMA, and hence aggre- gate gradation is an important factor in this mixture. In the current study, two aggregate gradations, with nominal maximum aggregate sizes （NMAS） 16 and 13 mm were adopted to prepare SMA mixtures and their laboratory performances were compared. Polymer-modified bitumen （PMB） was used as the binder material and no stabilising additive was used, since drain down was within permissible limits for both mixtures with PMB. Conventional cylin- drical specimens were prepared in superpave gyratory compactor with bitumen contents 5.0 %, 5.5 %, 6.0 %, 6.5 % and 7.0 % by weight of aggregates, and volumetric and Marshall properties were determined. Tensile strength, behaviour to repeated loading etc. were checked for cylindrical specimens prepared at optimum bitumen con- tent, whereas specially prepared slab specimens were used to check the rutting resistance of SMA mixtures. From the laboratory study, it was observed that, out of the two SMA mixtures, the one with NMAS 16 mm performed better compared to the other. These improved properties may be attributed towards the larger coarse aggregate sizes in the mixture.展开更多
The degradation behavior of aggregate skeleton in stone matrix asphalt mixture was investigated based on theoretical analysis, laboratory test and field materials evaluation. A stress-transfer model was established to...The degradation behavior of aggregate skeleton in stone matrix asphalt mixture was investigated based on theoretical analysis, laboratory test and field materials evaluation. A stress-transfer model was established to provide the fundamental understanding of the stress distribution and degradation mechanism of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) aggregate skeleton. Based on the theoretical analysis, crushing test and superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) test were used to evaluate the degradation behavior of aggregate skeleton of SMA. To verify the laboratory test results, gradation analysis was also conducted for the field materials extracted from SMA pavements after long-time service. The results indicate that the degradation of SMA aggregate skeleton is not random but has fixed internal trend and mechanism. Special rule is found for the graded fine aggregates generated from coarse aggregate breakdown and the variation of 4.75 mm aggregate is found to play a key role in the graded aggregates to form well-balanced skeleton to bear external loading. The variation of 4.75 mm aggregate together with the breakdown ratio of aggregate gradation can be used to characterize the degradation behavior of aggregate skeleton. The crushing test and SGC test are proved to be promising in estimating the degradation behavior of SMA skeleton.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of Crumb Rubber Modifiers (CRMS) on basic engineering properties (i.e. Marshall, tensile strength, and compressive strength) of stone matrix asphalt mixtures, the ASTM testing and procedures we...To evaluate the effects of Crumb Rubber Modifiers (CRMS) on basic engineering properties (i.e. Marshall, tensile strength, and compressive strength) of stone matrix asphalt mixtures, the ASTM testing and procedures were employed. Results of the evaluation were used to quantify the effect of CRM source and CRM content on engineering properties at testing temperatures of 25 ℃ and 60 ℃. Statistical models were developed, which represent the nature of effects on performance-related properties of stone matrix asphalt mixtures.展开更多
Over the years stone matrix asphalt(SMA)mixtures have evolved significantly and research works have presented some promising results.This made the paving industries to increase the usage of SMA mixtures in the pavemen...Over the years stone matrix asphalt(SMA)mixtures have evolved significantly and research works have presented some promising results.This made the paving industries to increase the usage of SMA mixtures in the pavement construction.However,SMA mixtures have certain challenges or setbacks,which require comprehensive understanding.The aim of the review paper is to present some of the challenges in SMA mixtures and their mitigations measures.It is observed that several challenges(i.e.,aggregate gradation,stone-onstone contact,drain down and stabilizing agents)related to SMA mixtures are addressed by the researchers.Many agencies have suggested their own aggregate gradation based on their experience,location,climatic conditions and available manufacturing facilities,and they are working exceptionally.Stone-on-stone contact is achieved with proper aggregate gradation and failure to meet the same will reduce the performance.Drain down is major concern in the SMA mixtures since it controls overall mixture performance.Therefore,researchers shown out the most importance to curtail the same.Several researchers followed ASTM D6390 and National Cooperative Highway Research Program(NCHRP No.424)procedure to evaluate the drain down and concluded that drain down should be less than0.3%(by weight of mixture).Apart from that,researchers are trying different stabilizing agents to reduce the drain down.Especially,stabilizing agents such as fibers and polymers have a positive impact.Recently,suitable waste and recycle products are used as stabilizing agent to reduce drain down and environmental pollution.Out of which coconut fiber has shown some promising results,however,comprehensive research is required in this regard.On the other hand,0.3%of cellulose fiber is working as a good stabilizing agent and can be used without conducting drain down test.The review paper provides a complete knowledge about different stabilizing agents used in SMA mixtures to minimize the drain down.展开更多
文摘This research examined the feasibility of incorporating electric arc furnace(EAF)slag and waste plastic into stone matrix asphalt(SMA)mixtures.With annual global production of over 70 million tons of EAF slag and 300 million tons of plastic waste,repurposing these materials could yield substantial environmental benefits.The research evaluated SMA mixtures with EAF slag as aggregate replacement and waste plastic as a binder modifier.The research aimed to develop sustainable SMA formulations while promoting recycling of industrial byproducts.Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate mix design characteristics,drain-down potential,abrasion resistance,rutting resistance,moisture susceptibility,fatigue performance,and stiffness of modified SMA mixtures.The addition of waste plastic,ranging from 4%,6%,8%and 12%by weight of bitumen,demonstrated significant improvements in key properties.Results showed that waste plastic reduced the optimum binder content and increased voids in the mineral aggregate.EAF slag mixtures demonstrated improved drain-down characteristics and moisture susceptibility.Both rutting resistance and fatigue life increased significantly with waste plastic content,with EAF slag mixtures consistently outperforming those made with conventional aggregates.Ultrasonic pulse velocity tests indicated higher stiffness in modified mixtures.The optimal waste plastic content was determined to be 8%by weight of bitumen.Statistical analysis confirmed significant effects of both EAF slag and waste plastic on multiple performance parameters.These findings highlight the potential of incorporating industrial byproducts into SMA mixtures to achieve high-performance road construction solutions,offering a viable pathway for addressing global waste management challenges.
文摘Stone matrix asphalt （SMA） is a gap-graded bituminous mixture which can be used in surface layer of high volume pavements. The mixture has higher concen- trations of coarse aggregates, providing strength and rut resistance to the mixture, and higher asphalt content giving durability. There must be a proper stone-to-stone contact between the coarse aggregates of SMA, and hence aggre- gate gradation is an important factor in this mixture. In the current study, two aggregate gradations, with nominal maximum aggregate sizes （NMAS） 16 and 13 mm were adopted to prepare SMA mixtures and their laboratory performances were compared. Polymer-modified bitumen （PMB） was used as the binder material and no stabilising additive was used, since drain down was within permissible limits for both mixtures with PMB. Conventional cylin- drical specimens were prepared in superpave gyratory compactor with bitumen contents 5.0 %, 5.5 %, 6.0 %, 6.5 % and 7.0 % by weight of aggregates, and volumetric and Marshall properties were determined. Tensile strength, behaviour to repeated loading etc. were checked for cylindrical specimens prepared at optimum bitumen con- tent, whereas specially prepared slab specimens were used to check the rutting resistance of SMA mixtures. From the laboratory study, it was observed that, out of the two SMA mixtures, the one with NMAS 16 mm performed better compared to the other. These improved properties may be attributed towards the larger coarse aggregate sizes in the mixture.
基金Project(51008075) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006AA11Z110) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘The degradation behavior of aggregate skeleton in stone matrix asphalt mixture was investigated based on theoretical analysis, laboratory test and field materials evaluation. A stress-transfer model was established to provide the fundamental understanding of the stress distribution and degradation mechanism of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) aggregate skeleton. Based on the theoretical analysis, crushing test and superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) test were used to evaluate the degradation behavior of aggregate skeleton of SMA. To verify the laboratory test results, gradation analysis was also conducted for the field materials extracted from SMA pavements after long-time service. The results indicate that the degradation of SMA aggregate skeleton is not random but has fixed internal trend and mechanism. Special rule is found for the graded fine aggregates generated from coarse aggregate breakdown and the variation of 4.75 mm aggregate is found to play a key role in the graded aggregates to form well-balanced skeleton to bear external loading. The variation of 4.75 mm aggregate together with the breakdown ratio of aggregate gradation can be used to characterize the degradation behavior of aggregate skeleton. The crushing test and SGC test are proved to be promising in estimating the degradation behavior of SMA skeleton.
文摘To evaluate the effects of Crumb Rubber Modifiers (CRMS) on basic engineering properties (i.e. Marshall, tensile strength, and compressive strength) of stone matrix asphalt mixtures, the ASTM testing and procedures were employed. Results of the evaluation were used to quantify the effect of CRM source and CRM content on engineering properties at testing temperatures of 25 ℃ and 60 ℃. Statistical models were developed, which represent the nature of effects on performance-related properties of stone matrix asphalt mixtures.
文摘Over the years stone matrix asphalt(SMA)mixtures have evolved significantly and research works have presented some promising results.This made the paving industries to increase the usage of SMA mixtures in the pavement construction.However,SMA mixtures have certain challenges or setbacks,which require comprehensive understanding.The aim of the review paper is to present some of the challenges in SMA mixtures and their mitigations measures.It is observed that several challenges(i.e.,aggregate gradation,stone-onstone contact,drain down and stabilizing agents)related to SMA mixtures are addressed by the researchers.Many agencies have suggested their own aggregate gradation based on their experience,location,climatic conditions and available manufacturing facilities,and they are working exceptionally.Stone-on-stone contact is achieved with proper aggregate gradation and failure to meet the same will reduce the performance.Drain down is major concern in the SMA mixtures since it controls overall mixture performance.Therefore,researchers shown out the most importance to curtail the same.Several researchers followed ASTM D6390 and National Cooperative Highway Research Program(NCHRP No.424)procedure to evaluate the drain down and concluded that drain down should be less than0.3%(by weight of mixture).Apart from that,researchers are trying different stabilizing agents to reduce the drain down.Especially,stabilizing agents such as fibers and polymers have a positive impact.Recently,suitable waste and recycle products are used as stabilizing agent to reduce drain down and environmental pollution.Out of which coconut fiber has shown some promising results,however,comprehensive research is required in this regard.On the other hand,0.3%of cellulose fiber is working as a good stabilizing agent and can be used without conducting drain down test.The review paper provides a complete knowledge about different stabilizing agents used in SMA mixtures to minimize the drain down.
