Autism spectrum disorder is a mental neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social deficits and repetitive behavior,and its development is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.Furthermore,an importan...Autism spectrum disorder is a mental neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social deficits and repetitive behavior,and its development is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.Furthermore,an important factor in etiology is the health status of the mother during pregnancy.Maternal health can critically affect the development of the offspring’s nervous system,including the central nervous system and enteric nervous system.Unfavorable maternal health can disrupt the normal development of the offspring’s nervous system in various ways,such as changes in microbiota composition.As one of the common comorbidities of autism spectrum disorder,no consistent conclusion has been drawn on how poor maternal health affects enteric nervous system and cen-tral nervous system development in offspring.From the perspective of maternal health,this review discusses how maternal status affects the gastrointestinal health of offspring and the development of mental systems to raise public awar-eness of maternal health and provide a new idea for eugenics and childbearing.展开更多
Low birth weight （LBW） is an important risk factor for neonatal and infant mortality and morbidity in adults.. How- ever, no large scale study on the prevalence of LBW and related maternal risk factors in China has ...Low birth weight （LBW） is an important risk factor for neonatal and infant mortality and morbidity in adults.. How- ever, no large scale study on the prevalence of LBW and related maternal risk factors in China has been published. To explore the effects of maternal factors on LBW for term birth in China, we conducted a hospital-based retrospective study of 55, 633 Chinese pregnancy cases between 2001 and 2008. Maternal sociodemographic data, history of infer- tility and contraceptive use were obtained. Their medical status and diseases during pre-pregnancy were examined by physical examination at the first antenatal care visit. Maternal medical status before childbirth and pregnancy outcomes, including body weight, infant gender, multiple pregnancy and congenital anomalies, were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and linear regression were used to investigate the relationship be- tween maternal factors and term LBW. The general incidence of term LBW was 1.70% in the developed area of China. After preliminary analysis using the univariate model, low primary education, anemia, hypertensive disor- ders, placental previa, oligohydramnios and premature rupture of membrane were predicted as independent factors of term LBW in the multivariate model. Furthermore, the decrease in annual frquencies of these risk factors were major causes of gradual decline in the incidence of LBW （from 2.43% in 2001 to 1.21% in 2008）. The study dem- onstrated that among maternal factors, primary education, anemia and hypertensive disorders could contribute to LBW for term birth even in the most developed area of China.展开更多
Early embryonic development is controlled by maternal factors originating from mature oocytes.The zygotic genome is activated from a transcriptionally quiescent state through a process called embryonic genome activati...Early embryonic development is controlled by maternal factors originating from mature oocytes.The zygotic genome is activated from a transcriptionally quiescent state through a process called embryonic genome activation(EGA),which involves the depletion and clearance of maternal factors.However,the mechanism by which maternal factors regulate EGA and embryonic development,particularly in humans,remains elusive.In this study,using tri-pronuclear(3PN) embryos and human embryonic stem cells(h ESCs),we demonstrated that the maternal transcription factor Orthodenticle Homeobox 2(OTX2),a paired-like homeobox gene,promotes EGA in human pre-implantation embryos.Knockdown of OTX2 through Trim-Away technology blocked embryonic development and minor EGA gene expression.Overexpression of OTX2(OTX2~(OE)) in h ESCs increased transcript products,primarily at the 2-cell embryo stage genes,including genes encoding methyltransferase of histone H3K4.OTX2~(OE) increased the level of H3K4me3 and increased the open chromatin region that co-occurs with the H3K4me3 region at the 4-cell stage in h ESCs.Based on these findings in h ESCs,we further verified that OTX2 directly induced the expression of SETD1A by binding to its promoter,leading to increased H3K4me3 levels in both h ESCs and 3PN embryos.These findings suggest that the maternal transcription factor OTX2 regulates EGA and early embryogenesis via epigenetic mechanisms.展开更多
Preterm labor(before 37 weeks’gestation)is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity,which can be divided into iatrogenic preterm labor,infectious preterm labor,and spontaneous preterm labor(sPTL).Up to n...Preterm labor(before 37 weeks’gestation)is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity,which can be divided into iatrogenic preterm labor,infectious preterm labor,and spontaneous preterm labor(sPTL).Up to now,there continue to be great difficulties in prediction and prevention of sPTL,owing to multiple risk factors,pathogenesis,and pathologic processes contributing to the event,which have not been fully clarified.Pregnancy maintenance and parturition is a complicated process with continuous maternal-fetal dialogue,in which both maternal and fetal factors participate and affect the outcome of pregnancy,including sPTL.Besides,external factors can also participate in sPTL,individually or through the interaction with internal factors.In this article,we summarize recent studies regarding sPTL from our and other groups,and discuss the risk factors and pathogenesis of preterm birth from both external and internal(maternal and fetal)aspects,so as to provide theoretical evidences for the diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of sPTL in the future.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82305035China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Special Project for Cultivating Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents,No.2217-YQ-029Institute of Acupuncture,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Special Project for Innovative Talents,No.ZZ-YC2023002.
文摘Autism spectrum disorder is a mental neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social deficits and repetitive behavior,and its development is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.Furthermore,an important factor in etiology is the health status of the mother during pregnancy.Maternal health can critically affect the development of the offspring’s nervous system,including the central nervous system and enteric nervous system.Unfavorable maternal health can disrupt the normal development of the offspring’s nervous system in various ways,such as changes in microbiota composition.As one of the common comorbidities of autism spectrum disorder,no consistent conclusion has been drawn on how poor maternal health affects enteric nervous system and cen-tral nervous system development in offspring.From the perspective of maternal health,this review discusses how maternal status affects the gastrointestinal health of offspring and the development of mental systems to raise public awar-eness of maternal health and provide a new idea for eugenics and childbearing.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (No.2009CB941701)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30972508)+1 种基金Environmental Protection Research Special Funds for Public Welfare Projects (No.200909054)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD),China
文摘Low birth weight （LBW） is an important risk factor for neonatal and infant mortality and morbidity in adults.. How- ever, no large scale study on the prevalence of LBW and related maternal risk factors in China has been published. To explore the effects of maternal factors on LBW for term birth in China, we conducted a hospital-based retrospective study of 55, 633 Chinese pregnancy cases between 2001 and 2008. Maternal sociodemographic data, history of infer- tility and contraceptive use were obtained. Their medical status and diseases during pre-pregnancy were examined by physical examination at the first antenatal care visit. Maternal medical status before childbirth and pregnancy outcomes, including body weight, infant gender, multiple pregnancy and congenital anomalies, were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and linear regression were used to investigate the relationship be- tween maternal factors and term LBW. The general incidence of term LBW was 1.70% in the developed area of China. After preliminary analysis using the univariate model, low primary education, anemia, hypertensive disor- ders, placental previa, oligohydramnios and premature rupture of membrane were predicted as independent factors of term LBW in the multivariate model. Furthermore, the decrease in annual frquencies of these risk factors were major causes of gradual decline in the incidence of LBW （from 2.43% in 2001 to 1.21% in 2008）. The study dem- onstrated that among maternal factors, primary education, anemia and hypertensive disorders could contribute to LBW for term birth even in the most developed area of China.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32000564,31970504)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M682574)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (S2021JJQNJJ0952)the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of the CITIC-XIANGYA project (YNXM-201909)。
文摘Early embryonic development is controlled by maternal factors originating from mature oocytes.The zygotic genome is activated from a transcriptionally quiescent state through a process called embryonic genome activation(EGA),which involves the depletion and clearance of maternal factors.However,the mechanism by which maternal factors regulate EGA and embryonic development,particularly in humans,remains elusive.In this study,using tri-pronuclear(3PN) embryos and human embryonic stem cells(h ESCs),we demonstrated that the maternal transcription factor Orthodenticle Homeobox 2(OTX2),a paired-like homeobox gene,promotes EGA in human pre-implantation embryos.Knockdown of OTX2 through Trim-Away technology blocked embryonic development and minor EGA gene expression.Overexpression of OTX2(OTX2~(OE)) in h ESCs increased transcript products,primarily at the 2-cell embryo stage genes,including genes encoding methyltransferase of histone H3K4.OTX2~(OE) increased the level of H3K4me3 and increased the open chromatin region that co-occurs with the H3K4me3 region at the 4-cell stage in h ESCs.Based on these findings in h ESCs,we further verified that OTX2 directly induced the expression of SETD1A by binding to its promoter,leading to increased H3K4me3 levels in both h ESCs and 3PN embryos.These findings suggest that the maternal transcription factor OTX2 regulates EGA and early embryogenesis via epigenetic mechanisms.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Project No.2019YFC1005203National Natural Science Foundation of China No.81771608 and 82120108011+2 种基金Major Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission’s Scientific Research and Innovation Plan No.2021-01-07-00-07-E00144“Dawn”Program of Shanghai Education Commission No.17SG36The Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning.
文摘Preterm labor(before 37 weeks’gestation)is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity,which can be divided into iatrogenic preterm labor,infectious preterm labor,and spontaneous preterm labor(sPTL).Up to now,there continue to be great difficulties in prediction and prevention of sPTL,owing to multiple risk factors,pathogenesis,and pathologic processes contributing to the event,which have not been fully clarified.Pregnancy maintenance and parturition is a complicated process with continuous maternal-fetal dialogue,in which both maternal and fetal factors participate and affect the outcome of pregnancy,including sPTL.Besides,external factors can also participate in sPTL,individually or through the interaction with internal factors.In this article,we summarize recent studies regarding sPTL from our and other groups,and discuss the risk factors and pathogenesis of preterm birth from both external and internal(maternal and fetal)aspects,so as to provide theoretical evidences for the diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of sPTL in the future.
