This study investigates the feasibility and efficacy of Flexible Fiber-reinforced Polypropylene(FFPP)thermoplastic lining technology for the rehabilitation of concrete pipelines,specifically focusing on BONNA pipes.A ...This study investigates the feasibility and efficacy of Flexible Fiber-reinforced Polypropylene(FFPP)thermoplastic lining technology for the rehabilitation of concrete pipelines,specifically focusing on BONNA pipes.A custom-built test bench,featuring a 2-m high platform and multiple 90°bends,was designed to simulate the impact of pipe gallery space,adaptability and material accessibility of bent pipes,and cooling issues of long-distance dragging of materials.The simulation process utilizes a modified polyvinyl chloride(PVC)liner with unique thermomechanical properties.The liner,folded into an"H"shape,is mechanically inserted into the host pipe using a 2-ton winch and pulley system.During insertion,continuous high-temperature steam injection softens the material,facilitating expansion and conformity to the pipe’s internal surface.Subsequently,cold air application rigidifies the liner below 60℃ while maintaining pressure,ensuring structural integrity and adherence to the pipe wall.Results revealed that while the FFPP liner successfully navigated through confined spaces,including a 300 mm expansion joint,spatial constraints led to localized cracking defects during inflation.Traction feasibility tests using a 2-ton winch demonstrated high pulling resistance in sections with multiple bends.The liner exhibited excellent adhesion in straight pipe sections but showed significant wrinkling and poor adhesion in 90°bends.Notably,the liner demonstrated remarkable strength,withstanding internal pressures exceeding 3.3 MPa in a DN300 pipe with a 10 cm diameter intentional defect,far surpassing the on-site hydrostatic test pressure of 9 bar.This study addresses a significant gap in trenchless rehabilitation research by evaluating the FFPP thermoplastic lining technique in complex pipeline geometries,an area previously understudied.While the technique shows promise for structural reinforcement in straight pipe sections,our findings reveal that its application in complex pipeline geometries requires further refinement.The study contributes to the field of trenchless pipeline rehabilitation in several ways:(1)it provides empirical data on FFPP liner performance in multi-bend configurations and confined spaces,(2)it identifies specific challenges such as localized cracking and poor adhesion in bends,and(3)it demonstrates the liner’s exceptional strength under high pressure conditions.These insights advance our understanding of FFPP technology’s potential and limitations in concrete pipe repair,paving the way for future research and development in optimizing trenchless rehabilitation techniques for complex pipeline systems.展开更多
Biological sample pretreatment is an important step in biological sample analysis. Due to the diversity of biological matrices, the analysis of target substances in these samples presents significant challenges to sam...Biological sample pretreatment is an important step in biological sample analysis. Due to the diversity of biological matrices, the analysis of target substances in these samples presents significant challenges to sample processing. To meet these emerging demands on biopharmaceutical analysis, this paper summarizes several new techniques of on-line biological sample processing: solid phase extraction, solid phase micro-extraction, column switching, limited intake filler, molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction, tubular column, and micro-dialysis. We describe new developments, principles, and characteristics of these techniques, and the application of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC MS) in biopharmaceutical analysis with these new techniques in on-line biological sample processing. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52402421)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20220848).
文摘This study investigates the feasibility and efficacy of Flexible Fiber-reinforced Polypropylene(FFPP)thermoplastic lining technology for the rehabilitation of concrete pipelines,specifically focusing on BONNA pipes.A custom-built test bench,featuring a 2-m high platform and multiple 90°bends,was designed to simulate the impact of pipe gallery space,adaptability and material accessibility of bent pipes,and cooling issues of long-distance dragging of materials.The simulation process utilizes a modified polyvinyl chloride(PVC)liner with unique thermomechanical properties.The liner,folded into an"H"shape,is mechanically inserted into the host pipe using a 2-ton winch and pulley system.During insertion,continuous high-temperature steam injection softens the material,facilitating expansion and conformity to the pipe’s internal surface.Subsequently,cold air application rigidifies the liner below 60℃ while maintaining pressure,ensuring structural integrity and adherence to the pipe wall.Results revealed that while the FFPP liner successfully navigated through confined spaces,including a 300 mm expansion joint,spatial constraints led to localized cracking defects during inflation.Traction feasibility tests using a 2-ton winch demonstrated high pulling resistance in sections with multiple bends.The liner exhibited excellent adhesion in straight pipe sections but showed significant wrinkling and poor adhesion in 90°bends.Notably,the liner demonstrated remarkable strength,withstanding internal pressures exceeding 3.3 MPa in a DN300 pipe with a 10 cm diameter intentional defect,far surpassing the on-site hydrostatic test pressure of 9 bar.This study addresses a significant gap in trenchless rehabilitation research by evaluating the FFPP thermoplastic lining technique in complex pipeline geometries,an area previously understudied.While the technique shows promise for structural reinforcement in straight pipe sections,our findings reveal that its application in complex pipeline geometries requires further refinement.The study contributes to the field of trenchless pipeline rehabilitation in several ways:(1)it provides empirical data on FFPP liner performance in multi-bend configurations and confined spaces,(2)it identifies specific challenges such as localized cracking and poor adhesion in bends,and(3)it demonstrates the liner’s exceptional strength under high pressure conditions.These insights advance our understanding of FFPP technology’s potential and limitations in concrete pipe repair,paving the way for future research and development in optimizing trenchless rehabilitation techniques for complex pipeline systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81102499)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University and Hunan Science and Technology Project(No.2011SK3261)
文摘Biological sample pretreatment is an important step in biological sample analysis. Due to the diversity of biological matrices, the analysis of target substances in these samples presents significant challenges to sample processing. To meet these emerging demands on biopharmaceutical analysis, this paper summarizes several new techniques of on-line biological sample processing: solid phase extraction, solid phase micro-extraction, column switching, limited intake filler, molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction, tubular column, and micro-dialysis. We describe new developments, principles, and characteristics of these techniques, and the application of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC MS) in biopharmaceutical analysis with these new techniques in on-line biological sample processing. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
