There is a long-term problem that the population size determination in urban master planning usually deviates from the implementation result.How to determine the population size scientifically and reasonably during th...There is a long-term problem that the population size determination in urban master planning usually deviates from the implementation result.How to determine the population size scientifically and reasonably during the transformation of spatial planning system in China has become the focus of attention in the new era.Taking Xi’an as an example,based on the analysis of differences between the population size determination and the actual development of population in the four rounds of urban master planning since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,this paper reflects on the reasons for the inaccuracy of population estimates from three aspects:the connotation of"goal-oriented"planning,the planning objective of"growthism,"and the determination method of"mechanical simplicity."In the context of territorial and spatial planning,this paper puts forward enlightenments for the population size determination in urban master planning in three aspects,i.e.,putting the people first and combining rigid and elastic control,practicing ecological civilization and strengthening bottom line thinking,and establishing a sound methodological system and unified standards and regulations.展开更多
Holding a dominant position in the spatial planning system at the city level, a city master plan should be able to guide both long-term strategies and short-term planning implementation, while taking into account both...Holding a dominant position in the spatial planning system at the city level, a city master plan should be able to guide both long-term strategies and short-term planning implementation, while taking into account both resource conservation and urban-rural development and coordinating multi-government power and interests of various stakeholders. In the future, city master planning should keep its advanced nature and must follow the principles of being people-oriented, paying equal attention to both development quality and quantity, promoting diversified development, and containing multiple driving forces for development.展开更多
The reform of urban master planning should make continuous progress to meet the requirements of urban and rural spatial resource control in the urbanization transformation period, considering its role of both strategi...The reform of urban master planning should make continuous progress to meet the requirements of urban and rural spatial resource control in the urbanization transformation period, considering its role of both strategic guidance and rigid control. As urban development in Shanghai is entering the era of stock-based development, it is important for the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan to upgrade urban strategies to adapt to the transformation environment of urban development, and to adjust the master planning system in line with Shanghai's reality. This article analyzes the development environment and challenges faced by the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan and reflects on the limitations of traditional master planning. To facilitate the spatial development transformation and spatial governance, the article summarizes the innovation ideas of the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan from aspects of functions, outcome framework, control system, organization format, etc.展开更多
This article introduces the new thinking andmethod of the revision of Beijing’s master plan.The plannersmade new exploration and breakthroughs in such aspects asthe involvement of the general public in planning,the i...This article introduces the new thinking andmethod of the revision of Beijing’s master plan.The plannersmade new exploration and breakthroughs in such aspects asthe involvement of the general public in planning,the intro-duction of value concept,unified planning of both urban andrural areas,how to link with the future goals of development,etc.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Long-term planning is essential for larger institutions to achieve sustainable goals and visions.To be truly sustainable,individual projects must fit within a larger scope of campus planning.Landscape and...INTRODUCTION Long-term planning is essential for larger institutions to achieve sustainable goals and visions.To be truly sustainable,individual projects must fit within a larger scope of campus planning.Landscape and site systems such as parking,transportation,pedestrian connectivity,storm water treatment,and human health and well-being must be considered and coordinated.展开更多
Resilience has become a prominent topic in the planning and design industry over the past several years.States,cities and entire regions face an ever-growing threat of environmental and societal challenges,including n...Resilience has become a prominent topic in the planning and design industry over the past several years.States,cities and entire regions face an ever-growing threat of environmental and societal challenges,including natural disasters,sea level rise,climate change,terrorism and financial insolvency.Around the world,universities are leading efforts in terms of research and problem solving regarding resilience and sustainability in their broader communities.As campus planners working nationwide with higher education clients,we see an increasing opportunity for higher education researchers,leaders and institutions to bring this same leadership stance to addressing their campus’own resilience.A campus master plan is perhaps the pinnacle opportunity to connect expert researchers with campus stewards and community leaders to engage in dialogue,identify priorities and advance resilience within their campus and community.A comprehensive master plan,by its very nature,will guide and protect an institution’s long-range survival and plans.Such long-range planning is now more critical than ever given the deep financial pressures and flat or declining demographics that so many institutions face.Being proactive versus reactive increases the likelihood that institutions will succeed and continue to meet the needs of students and communities.Universities should continue or begin to address resilience challenges and opportunities in whatever scope possible.This paper will give university leaders and industry participants a broad framework to direct discussion and dissect levels of resilience,opportunities and potential shortfalls,and highlight resilient campus planning best practices.The aim is to provide a framework for institutions to measure and strengthen the resilience of their infrastructure,culture,and systems,while contributing to the resilience of their communities.展开更多
Construction land use has always been a key point for the planning department to practice national transformation strategy. In the new round of compilation of Beijing City Master Plan, the management of construction l...Construction land use has always been a key point for the planning department to practice national transformation strategy. In the new round of compilation of Beijing City Master Plan, the management of construction land use is under the rigid restriction of the bearing capacity of resources and the environment. Setting the upper-limit of the population size, a general strategy of decremented development of urban-rural construction land has been put forward, in order to realize a transition from quantitative expansion planning to qualitative upgrading planning. By "decremented development," "decremented" means a more rigid bottom-line restriction, and "development" means a more scientific allocation of resources. From the master planning level, the new Beijing City Master Plan establishes a comprehensive control framework and restrictive index system from perspectives including land use scale, construction scale, space boundary, urban and rural structure, land use structure, and cross-boundary collaboration; and in practice, it promotes strict management methods by setting up a dismantle-construction land ratio, dismantle-construction building area ratio, employment and residence land ratio, and "two lines and three districts," which is an exploration on the planning management method of construction land use that is stock-based and decremented master planning. Considering that decremented development is a major reform and a special challenge to planning implementation, the Beijing City Master Plan carries out explorations in terms of the planning management method, land policy, jurisdiction division, assessment and supervision, etc.展开更多
This paper analyzes the function of a master plan and the growing emphasis on its public policy attribute, and argues that in terms of the current plan formulation, major disadvantages of current master planning lie i...This paper analyzes the function of a master plan and the growing emphasis on its public policy attribute, and argues that in terms of the current plan formulation, major disadvantages of current master planning lie in the physical spatial epistemology, the blueprint-oriented work method, and over-technical expression of the planning deliveries. Based on the reform and innovation in formulating the City Master Plan of Dongguan(2016 – 2030), the paper explores experiences of Dongguan on spatial structure, planning management and control approaches, and delivery format.展开更多
This year marks the 10th anniversary of the adoption of the African Union(AU)Agenda 2063,Africa’s blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into a global powerhouse of the future.The adoption of the am...This year marks the 10th anniversary of the adoption of the African Union(AU)Agenda 2063,Africa’s blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into a global powerhouse of the future.The adoption of the ambitious blueprint is a key event that will steer pan-African development onto the right path,and put renewed focus on the pan-African vision of building an integrated,prosperous and peaceful Africa within a 50-year period from 2013 to 2063.展开更多
This paper gives insight into the use of underground space in Helsinki,Finland.The city has an underground master plan(UMP) for its whole municipal area,not only for certain parts of the city.Further,the decision-maki...This paper gives insight into the use of underground space in Helsinki,Finland.The city has an underground master plan(UMP) for its whole municipal area,not only for certain parts of the city.Further,the decision-making history of the UMP is described step-by-step.Some examples of underground space use in other cities are also given.The focus of this paper is on the sustainability issues related to urban underground space use,including its contribution to an environmentally sustainable and aesthetically acceptable landscape,anticipated structural longevity and maintaining the opportunity for urban development by future generations.Underground planning enhances overall safety and economy efficiency.The need for underground space use in city areas has grown rapidly since the 21 st century;at the same time,the necessity to control construction work has also increased.The UMP of Helsinki reserves designated space for public and private utilities in various underground areas of bedrock over the long term.The plan also provides the framework for managing and controlling the city’s underground construction work and allows suitable locations to be allocated for underground facilities.Tampere,the third most populated city in Finland and the biggest inland city in the Nordic countries,is also a good example of a city that is taking steps to utilise underground resources.Oulu,the capital city of northern Finland,has also started to ‘go underground’.An example of the possibility to combine two cities by an 80-km subsea tunnel is also discussed.A new fixed link would generate huge potential for the capital areas of Finland and Estonia to become a real Helsinki-Tallinn twin city.展开更多
Characteristic town has became an important carrier for urban-mral integration. Based on the multiple compounding of the charactemtic town planning, it is significant to combine tiie universal viewpoint widi tradit...Characteristic town has became an important carrier for urban-mral integration. Based on the multiple compounding of the charactemtic town planning, it is significant to combine tiie universal viewpoint widi traditional small town planning. This paper by combining with “universaT viewpoint introduced the transformation of traditional small town planning in theory and practice, and combed the planning stategies from the 4 a^ects of “all level”,“all space”, “all element^,and “all dimension”. Based on the master plan of Guzhu Town in Heyuan, specific strategies were put forward from the 6 dimensions of resoutce analysis, spatial layout, industtiai construction, traffic connection, ecological control and system update, to provide references for the planning of characteristic towns.展开更多
The practice of sculpture system planning has been gradually carried out,but the cultural lag has caused many historical and cultural cities to fail to show their red style.This paper explores the key points of urban ...The practice of sculpture system planning has been gradually carried out,but the cultural lag has caused many historical and cultural cities to fail to show their red style.This paper explores the key points of urban sculpture system planning.Taking the sculpture system planning of Yan’an as an example,the urban master plan is understood,and the layout and zoning of the sculpture system is planned combined with the current situation.Finally,enlightenments for urban sculpture planning are drawn:basing on the current situation,focusing on the characteristics of the city,distinct systematic hierarchy,drawing on the experience of famous sculpture cities and catering to public preferences,with a view to continuing the spirit of the red era and providing a useful reference for future urban planning and scientifi c development.展开更多
This paper studies the accessibility of open spaces and facilities and the integration of streets to the whole urban system of the Emirati neighbourhood of the Business District of the Abu Dhabi 2030 Master Plan. For ...This paper studies the accessibility of open spaces and facilities and the integration of streets to the whole urban system of the Emirati neighbourhood of the Business District of the Abu Dhabi 2030 Master Plan. For this purpose, axial lines were produced by applying space syntax theory, Depthmap software. The research aims to verify the location of open spaces and facilities, such as schools, in relation to the location of public transportation stops （bus, metro and tram）, in order to check their accessibility within walking distances. The objective is to pay attention to the relationship between land use and transportation in the planning phase for future interventions or proposals, in other words, to improve the accessibility of public spaces or buildings by pedestrians in order to comply with the vision of the Abu Dhabi 2030 Master Plan and its promotion of walkability and cycling. Although many measures will be taken at the scale of urban design to provide shaded open spaces and sidewalks, saving pedestrians from walking long distances shall be done in the planning phase, the challenge remains to create a micro climate to increase the ease of walking in the heat and decrease dependence on cars for mobility.展开更多
Under a series of policies, such as the construction of beautiful countryside, the problem of rural landscape design has been widely concerned. The transportation facilities and economic foundation of rural areas are ...Under a series of policies, such as the construction of beautiful countryside, the problem of rural landscape design has been widely concerned. The transportation facilities and economic foundation of rural areas are relatively backward, but they also have certain advantages, such as pleasant rural scenery and broad rural land, which are missing in urban construction. Therefore, in order to optimize the level of landscape design in rural areas, we need to combine the concept of beautiful countryside to carry out the overall planning and landscape design of rural area construction.展开更多
An innovative stormwater master plan based on low impact development LID is proposed.Unlike the traditional urban drainage plan this plan employs a sustainable stormwater management approach in communities utilizing L...An innovative stormwater master plan based on low impact development LID is proposed.Unlike the traditional urban drainage plan this plan employs a sustainable stormwater management approach in communities utilizing LID practices to reduce runoff and pollution load. An integrated hydraulic model which combines the traditional drainage sewer system with LID practices is adopted to assess the master plan.Through a long-term continuous simulation for 20 years the results reveal that the runoff volume will be reduced by over 80% following full implementation of this plan. Combining with the local conditions technical guidelines are established to provide assistance in implementing the stormwater master plan. Bioretention facilities for three main roads are constructed and other areas of development are being implemented sequentially under the guidance of the plan. This project provides an alternative method of stormwater management through the implementation of LID and it acts as a good example for other developing districts in China.展开更多
Based on the remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) analysis of the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM) satellite images of 1983, 1993, and 2005, the present research exam...Based on the remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) analysis of the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM) satellite images of 1983, 1993, and 2005, the present research examined the effectiveness of the urban construction boundaries (UCBs) in containing urban growth within the 6th Ring Road of Beijing Municipality. Three indicators on boundary control were proposed, through which the effectiveness of boundary containment, land inventory sufficiency and illegal adjacent development to the UCBs were explored. The results suggested that, first, the UCBs were limited in effectiveness in containing urban growth; second, the area encompassed by the UCBs might not be designed large enough to accommodate new development. The frustration of the urban growth control through the UCBs mainly resulted from the lack of a transparent system for urban land use planning and control to provide sufficient information, the limitation of the traditional land use prediction method to consider contingencies, and the absence of a mechanism to monitor and adjust the UCBs to respond just in time to urban change.展开更多
This paper studies which building arrangement will provide the maximum visibility to an example of open space proposed in the Abu Dhabi 2030 Master Plan. The building forms, the distance between the buildings, the set...This paper studies which building arrangement will provide the maximum visibility to an example of open space proposed in the Abu Dhabi 2030 Master Plan. The building forms, the distance between the buildings, the setback and the building heights would all affect visibility and were considered closely. Although this research methodology could be applied to any site in different situations, it remains simple and interesting. It can be applied in general, with a change of the variables （setback, distance between buildings, building height, building form）, to any site by both professionals and students who can simply use any CAD program for producing drawing in both the architectural or urban designs phases, hence the importance of this research. Two different building arrangements were proposed and studied： a linear and an L-shaped arrangement. After applying the simulations, it appears that the L-shape offers more visibility to the open space. The outcomes of this study were combined with another research project that studies the same building arrangements to test the possible climatic comfort provided in outdoor spaces in order to encourage the use of open spaces and walkability in the studied area.展开更多
As Busan New Port has been developed with a total scale of 30 berths in 2020, the chronic problem of Busan port, a lack of port facilities, is being addressed, and there is a growing interest in regard to port develop...As Busan New Port has been developed with a total scale of 30 berths in 2020, the chronic problem of Busan port, a lack of port facilities, is being addressed, and there is a growing interest in regard to port development with an optimal scale. The Korean container port development under the master plan for national port development reveals a severe problem of excess supply of port facility in some ports. This paper, the authors analysed the second and the third master plan for national port development implemented in 2001 and 2011, and a revised plan in 2006, along with the amended predictions for container throughput. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the implementation of the initial plan, and the current situation of South Korea＇s main container ports of Busan, Gwangyang, Incheon, and Pyeongtaek ＆ Dangjin was examined. Through the analysis of port vitalizations, we have examined the actual problems for the prediction of container throughput. Also, this research analysed the functional difference of each port and organized the function of each one discriminatively. Therefore, identifies the problems, which arise with making the container throughput forecasts, which is a fimdamental aspect of existing port development policy, and suggest a direction for future port development by synthesizing the results of analysis.展开更多
文摘There is a long-term problem that the population size determination in urban master planning usually deviates from the implementation result.How to determine the population size scientifically and reasonably during the transformation of spatial planning system in China has become the focus of attention in the new era.Taking Xi’an as an example,based on the analysis of differences between the population size determination and the actual development of population in the four rounds of urban master planning since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,this paper reflects on the reasons for the inaccuracy of population estimates from three aspects:the connotation of"goal-oriented"planning,the planning objective of"growthism,"and the determination method of"mechanical simplicity."In the context of territorial and spatial planning,this paper puts forward enlightenments for the population size determination in urban master planning in three aspects,i.e.,putting the people first and combining rigid and elastic control,practicing ecological civilization and strengthening bottom line thinking,and establishing a sound methodological system and unified standards and regulations.
文摘Holding a dominant position in the spatial planning system at the city level, a city master plan should be able to guide both long-term strategies and short-term planning implementation, while taking into account both resource conservation and urban-rural development and coordinating multi-government power and interests of various stakeholders. In the future, city master planning should keep its advanced nature and must follow the principles of being people-oriented, paying equal attention to both development quality and quantity, promoting diversified development, and containing multiple driving forces for development.
文摘The reform of urban master planning should make continuous progress to meet the requirements of urban and rural spatial resource control in the urbanization transformation period, considering its role of both strategic guidance and rigid control. As urban development in Shanghai is entering the era of stock-based development, it is important for the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan to upgrade urban strategies to adapt to the transformation environment of urban development, and to adjust the master planning system in line with Shanghai's reality. This article analyzes the development environment and challenges faced by the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan and reflects on the limitations of traditional master planning. To facilitate the spatial development transformation and spatial governance, the article summarizes the innovation ideas of the Shanghai 2040 Master Plan from aspects of functions, outcome framework, control system, organization format, etc.
文摘This article introduces the new thinking andmethod of the revision of Beijing’s master plan.The plannersmade new exploration and breakthroughs in such aspects asthe involvement of the general public in planning,the intro-duction of value concept,unified planning of both urban andrural areas,how to link with the future goals of development,etc.
文摘INTRODUCTION Long-term planning is essential for larger institutions to achieve sustainable goals and visions.To be truly sustainable,individual projects must fit within a larger scope of campus planning.Landscape and site systems such as parking,transportation,pedestrian connectivity,storm water treatment,and human health and well-being must be considered and coordinated.
文摘Resilience has become a prominent topic in the planning and design industry over the past several years.States,cities and entire regions face an ever-growing threat of environmental and societal challenges,including natural disasters,sea level rise,climate change,terrorism and financial insolvency.Around the world,universities are leading efforts in terms of research and problem solving regarding resilience and sustainability in their broader communities.As campus planners working nationwide with higher education clients,we see an increasing opportunity for higher education researchers,leaders and institutions to bring this same leadership stance to addressing their campus’own resilience.A campus master plan is perhaps the pinnacle opportunity to connect expert researchers with campus stewards and community leaders to engage in dialogue,identify priorities and advance resilience within their campus and community.A comprehensive master plan,by its very nature,will guide and protect an institution’s long-range survival and plans.Such long-range planning is now more critical than ever given the deep financial pressures and flat or declining demographics that so many institutions face.Being proactive versus reactive increases the likelihood that institutions will succeed and continue to meet the needs of students and communities.Universities should continue or begin to address resilience challenges and opportunities in whatever scope possible.This paper will give university leaders and industry participants a broad framework to direct discussion and dissect levels of resilience,opportunities and potential shortfalls,and highlight resilient campus planning best practices.The aim is to provide a framework for institutions to measure and strengthen the resilience of their infrastructure,culture,and systems,while contributing to the resilience of their communities.
文摘Construction land use has always been a key point for the planning department to practice national transformation strategy. In the new round of compilation of Beijing City Master Plan, the management of construction land use is under the rigid restriction of the bearing capacity of resources and the environment. Setting the upper-limit of the population size, a general strategy of decremented development of urban-rural construction land has been put forward, in order to realize a transition from quantitative expansion planning to qualitative upgrading planning. By "decremented development," "decremented" means a more rigid bottom-line restriction, and "development" means a more scientific allocation of resources. From the master planning level, the new Beijing City Master Plan establishes a comprehensive control framework and restrictive index system from perspectives including land use scale, construction scale, space boundary, urban and rural structure, land use structure, and cross-boundary collaboration; and in practice, it promotes strict management methods by setting up a dismantle-construction land ratio, dismantle-construction building area ratio, employment and residence land ratio, and "two lines and three districts," which is an exploration on the planning management method of construction land use that is stock-based and decremented master planning. Considering that decremented development is a major reform and a special challenge to planning implementation, the Beijing City Master Plan carries out explorations in terms of the planning management method, land policy, jurisdiction division, assessment and supervision, etc.
基金The City Master Plan of Dongguan(2016–2030) was jointly formulated by the China Academy of Urban Planning&Design and the Dongguan Urban Construction,Planning,and Design Institute.The main members participating in the formulation included Zhu Li,Chen Zhijun,Zou Peng,Feng Zhehao,Mo Biwen,Du Feng,Tan Mingcheng,Ouyang Nanjiang,Qiu Kaifu,Luo Yan,Chen Junfeng,Yu Yun,Pan Zhuohong,Liu Yang,Qiu Xiaoyong,et al
文摘This paper analyzes the function of a master plan and the growing emphasis on its public policy attribute, and argues that in terms of the current plan formulation, major disadvantages of current master planning lie in the physical spatial epistemology, the blueprint-oriented work method, and over-technical expression of the planning deliveries. Based on the reform and innovation in formulating the City Master Plan of Dongguan(2016 – 2030), the paper explores experiences of Dongguan on spatial structure, planning management and control approaches, and delivery format.
文摘This year marks the 10th anniversary of the adoption of the African Union(AU)Agenda 2063,Africa’s blueprint and master plan for transforming the continent into a global powerhouse of the future.The adoption of the ambitious blueprint is a key event that will steer pan-African development onto the right path,and put renewed focus on the pan-African vision of building an integrated,prosperous and peaceful Africa within a 50-year period from 2013 to 2063.
文摘This paper gives insight into the use of underground space in Helsinki,Finland.The city has an underground master plan(UMP) for its whole municipal area,not only for certain parts of the city.Further,the decision-making history of the UMP is described step-by-step.Some examples of underground space use in other cities are also given.The focus of this paper is on the sustainability issues related to urban underground space use,including its contribution to an environmentally sustainable and aesthetically acceptable landscape,anticipated structural longevity and maintaining the opportunity for urban development by future generations.Underground planning enhances overall safety and economy efficiency.The need for underground space use in city areas has grown rapidly since the 21 st century;at the same time,the necessity to control construction work has also increased.The UMP of Helsinki reserves designated space for public and private utilities in various underground areas of bedrock over the long term.The plan also provides the framework for managing and controlling the city’s underground construction work and allows suitable locations to be allocated for underground facilities.Tampere,the third most populated city in Finland and the biggest inland city in the Nordic countries,is also a good example of a city that is taking steps to utilise underground resources.Oulu,the capital city of northern Finland,has also started to ‘go underground’.An example of the possibility to combine two cities by an 80-km subsea tunnel is also discussed.A new fixed link would generate huge potential for the capital areas of Finland and Estonia to become a real Helsinki-Tallinn twin city.
文摘Characteristic town has became an important carrier for urban-mral integration. Based on the multiple compounding of the charactemtic town planning, it is significant to combine tiie universal viewpoint widi traditional small town planning. This paper by combining with “universaT viewpoint introduced the transformation of traditional small town planning in theory and practice, and combed the planning stategies from the 4 a^ects of “all level”,“all space”, “all element^,and “all dimension”. Based on the master plan of Guzhu Town in Heyuan, specific strategies were put forward from the 6 dimensions of resoutce analysis, spatial layout, industtiai construction, traffic connection, ecological control and system update, to provide references for the planning of characteristic towns.
文摘The practice of sculpture system planning has been gradually carried out,but the cultural lag has caused many historical and cultural cities to fail to show their red style.This paper explores the key points of urban sculpture system planning.Taking the sculpture system planning of Yan’an as an example,the urban master plan is understood,and the layout and zoning of the sculpture system is planned combined with the current situation.Finally,enlightenments for urban sculpture planning are drawn:basing on the current situation,focusing on the characteristics of the city,distinct systematic hierarchy,drawing on the experience of famous sculpture cities and catering to public preferences,with a view to continuing the spirit of the red era and providing a useful reference for future urban planning and scientifi c development.
文摘This paper studies the accessibility of open spaces and facilities and the integration of streets to the whole urban system of the Emirati neighbourhood of the Business District of the Abu Dhabi 2030 Master Plan. For this purpose, axial lines were produced by applying space syntax theory, Depthmap software. The research aims to verify the location of open spaces and facilities, such as schools, in relation to the location of public transportation stops （bus, metro and tram）, in order to check their accessibility within walking distances. The objective is to pay attention to the relationship between land use and transportation in the planning phase for future interventions or proposals, in other words, to improve the accessibility of public spaces or buildings by pedestrians in order to comply with the vision of the Abu Dhabi 2030 Master Plan and its promotion of walkability and cycling. Although many measures will be taken at the scale of urban design to provide shaded open spaces and sidewalks, saving pedestrians from walking long distances shall be done in the planning phase, the challenge remains to create a micro climate to increase the ease of walking in the heat and decrease dependence on cars for mobility.
文摘Under a series of policies, such as the construction of beautiful countryside, the problem of rural landscape design has been widely concerned. The transportation facilities and economic foundation of rural areas are relatively backward, but they also have certain advantages, such as pleasant rural scenery and broad rural land, which are missing in urban construction. Therefore, in order to optimize the level of landscape design in rural areas, we need to combine the concept of beautiful countryside to carry out the overall planning and landscape design of rural area construction.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2010BAK69B16)
文摘An innovative stormwater master plan based on low impact development LID is proposed.Unlike the traditional urban drainage plan this plan employs a sustainable stormwater management approach in communities utilizing LID practices to reduce runoff and pollution load. An integrated hydraulic model which combines the traditional drainage sewer system with LID practices is adopted to assess the master plan.Through a long-term continuous simulation for 20 years the results reveal that the runoff volume will be reduced by over 80% following full implementation of this plan. Combining with the local conditions technical guidelines are established to provide assistance in implementing the stormwater master plan. Bioretention facilities for three main roads are constructed and other areas of development are being implemented sequentially under the guidance of the plan. This project provides an alternative method of stormwater management through the implementation of LID and it acts as a good example for other developing districts in China.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50678088)the National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2006BAJ14B08)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (No. 20080430210)
文摘Based on the remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) analysis of the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM) satellite images of 1983, 1993, and 2005, the present research examined the effectiveness of the urban construction boundaries (UCBs) in containing urban growth within the 6th Ring Road of Beijing Municipality. Three indicators on boundary control were proposed, through which the effectiveness of boundary containment, land inventory sufficiency and illegal adjacent development to the UCBs were explored. The results suggested that, first, the UCBs were limited in effectiveness in containing urban growth; second, the area encompassed by the UCBs might not be designed large enough to accommodate new development. The frustration of the urban growth control through the UCBs mainly resulted from the lack of a transparent system for urban land use planning and control to provide sufficient information, the limitation of the traditional land use prediction method to consider contingencies, and the absence of a mechanism to monitor and adjust the UCBs to respond just in time to urban change.
文摘This paper studies which building arrangement will provide the maximum visibility to an example of open space proposed in the Abu Dhabi 2030 Master Plan. The building forms, the distance between the buildings, the setback and the building heights would all affect visibility and were considered closely. Although this research methodology could be applied to any site in different situations, it remains simple and interesting. It can be applied in general, with a change of the variables （setback, distance between buildings, building height, building form）, to any site by both professionals and students who can simply use any CAD program for producing drawing in both the architectural or urban designs phases, hence the importance of this research. Two different building arrangements were proposed and studied： a linear and an L-shaped arrangement. After applying the simulations, it appears that the L-shape offers more visibility to the open space. The outcomes of this study were combined with another research project that studies the same building arrangements to test the possible climatic comfort provided in outdoor spaces in order to encourage the use of open spaces and walkability in the studied area.
文摘As Busan New Port has been developed with a total scale of 30 berths in 2020, the chronic problem of Busan port, a lack of port facilities, is being addressed, and there is a growing interest in regard to port development with an optimal scale. The Korean container port development under the master plan for national port development reveals a severe problem of excess supply of port facility in some ports. This paper, the authors analysed the second and the third master plan for national port development implemented in 2001 and 2011, and a revised plan in 2006, along with the amended predictions for container throughput. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the implementation of the initial plan, and the current situation of South Korea＇s main container ports of Busan, Gwangyang, Incheon, and Pyeongtaek ＆ Dangjin was examined. Through the analysis of port vitalizations, we have examined the actual problems for the prediction of container throughput. Also, this research analysed the functional difference of each port and organized the function of each one discriminatively. Therefore, identifies the problems, which arise with making the container throughput forecasts, which is a fimdamental aspect of existing port development policy, and suggest a direction for future port development by synthesizing the results of analysis.
